Everybody cheats. Whether it’s the taxi driver who tricks a visitor and takes them the long way round, or the shop assistant who doesn’t give the correct change, or the police officer who accepts a bribe (贿赂) – everybody’s at it. Cheats in the nest include the scientist whose research was based on fake data, the game show competitors who worked with a friend in the audience or win a million pounds, and the doctor who made up his qualifications and wasn’t really a doctor at all. Everybody cheats; nobody’s playing the game.

    Is cheating acceptable, a natural way of surviving and being successful? Or is it something that should be frowned on, and young people discouraged from doing? If it’s the latter how can we explain to children why so many bend the rules?

Take sport for example. The Word Cup was filled with cheating. Whether diving, pretending to be hurt or denying a handball, footballers will do anything for a free – kick or a penalty shot. France striker Henry denied cheating to win the free – kick which led to his side’s second goal in their 3 – 1 victory over Spain. Many footballers, however, are often putting it on. Whatever the nationality there’s one common ploy: the player rolls over holding their leg, ankle or head seeming to be in great pain. As a result a yellow card and / or free – kick is given for the foul and then, a few seconds later, the player is up and about as if nothing had happened ! The ref (裁判) may be taken in by it but youngsters watching the game aren’t. they also see their heroes getting away with it.

Of course it’s not just football. In 1998 the Tour de France, the world’s greatest cycling event, was hit by a drug – taking scandal (丑闻). The 40 bottles of forbidden drugs found with the Fustian team caused a massive investigation that almost caused the Tour to be abandoned. One rider, Veronique, was banned for 9 months. He claimed: “You have cheats in sport, just as you do in business – there will always be people trying to take a short cut. At least we’re not turning a blind eye to the problem, which other sports are.”

Is it all unavoidable? There’s huge pressure on all athletes to perform for their fans and for their sponsors. It’s success, money and power that rule professional sport rather than an honest at tempt to do the best one can.

Meanwhile companies around the world are losing billions of dollars to fake products. From cut price CDs and DVDs to sportswear, cheap fake products are everywhere. It has become socially acceptable to buy fake Gucci bags and illegal copies of films. If parents are doing this, their children will follow.

So perhaps it’s not surprising that around the world more pupils than ever are caught cheating during exams. In one case missing exam papers were put up for sale on the Internet. In another, widespread cheating took place by pupils using their mobile phones to receive tested answers. They blame the pressure put on them to do well in exams. It doesn’t help that their role models are also cheats. Surely we can’t complain when we’re setting such a bad example.

1.According to the passage, in which way can a game show player cheat?

A．By taking an indirect way.    B．By gaining aid from a friend.

C．By taking forbidden drugs.  D．By selling fake products.

2.The phrase “be frowned on”(Paragraph 2) most probably means           .

A．to be disapproved of            B．to be pushed forward

C．to be taken the place of       D．to be stuck with

3.The writer’s suppose for writing this passage is to         .

A．explain why people in almost every field cheat

B．complain about cheats in school education

C．persuade young people not to cheat in exams

D．blame the society for tolerating cheats

4.The writer mentions the example of the World Cup in Paragraph 3 in order to           .

A．show cheating is a common phenomenon nowadays

B．discuss the relationship between sport and cheating

C．explore the nature of cheating in important events

D．warn coaches and athletes of the danger of cheating

5.Which of the following is the main idea of the passage?

A．Exams are not a good way of testing children.

B．Children are natural cheats.

C．If adults cheat, children will cheat too.

D．Everyone including children cheats.

It doesn’t matter when and how much a person sleeps, but everyone needs some rest to stay alive. That’s what all doctors thought, until they heard about Herpin. Herpin, it was said, never slept. Could this be true? The doctors decided to see this strange man themselves.

     Herpin was 90 years old when the doctors came to his home in New Jersey. They thought for sure that he got some sleep of some kind. So they stayed with him and watched every movement he made. But they were surprised. Though they watched him hour after hour and day after day, they never saw him sleeping. In fact, he did not even own a bed. He never needed one.

The only rest that Herpin sometimes got was sitting in a comfortable chair and reading newspapers. The doctors were puzzled by this strange continuous sleeplessness. They asked him many questions, hoping to find an answer. They found only one answer that might explain his condition. Herpin remembered some talk about his mother having been injured several days before he was born. But that was all. Was this the real reason? No one could be sure. Herpin died at the age of 94.

1.The main idea of this passage is that_____.

A. large numbers of people do not need sleep

B. a person was found who actually didn’t need any sleep

C. everyone needs some sleep to stay alive  

D. people can live longer by trying not to sleep

2.The doctors came to visit Herpin, expecting_____.

A. to cure him of his sleeplessness

B. to find that his sleeplessness was not really true

C. to find out why some old people did not need any sleep

D. to find a way to free people from the need of sleeping

3.After watching him closely, the doctors came to believe that Herpin_____.

A. needed some kind of sleep

B. was too old to need any sleep

C. needed no sleep at all

D. often sleep in a chair

4.One reason that might explain Herpin’s sleeplessness was _____.

A. his mother’s injury before he was born

B. that he had gradually got rid of the sleeping habit

C. his magnificent physical condition

D. that he hadn’t got a bed

5.Herpin’s condition could be regarded as ______.

A. a common one   B. one that could be cured   C. very healthy    D. a rare one

People do not analyse every problem they meet. Sometimes they try to remember a solution from the last time they had a  36  problem. They often accept the opinion or ideas of other people. Other times they begin to act without   37 ; they try to find a solution by trial and error. However, when all of these methods  38  , the person with a problem has to start analysing. There are six  39  in analysing a problem.

  40 , the person must recognize that there is a problem. For example, Sam’s bicycle is broken, and he cannot ride it to class as he usually does. Sam must   41  that there is a problem with his bicycle.

Next the person must  42  the problem. Before Sam can repair his bicycle, he must know why it does not work. For example, he must  43  the parts that are wrong.

Now the person must look for  44  that will make the problem clearer and lead to   45  solutions. For example, suppose Sam  46  that his bike does not work because there is something wrong with the brakes.  47 , he can look in his bicycle repair book and read about brakes, talk to his friends at the bike shop, or look at his brakes carefully.

After  48  the problem, the person should have several suggestions for a possible solution. Take Sam as an example  49, his suggestions might be: tighten or loosen the brakes; buy new brakes and change the old ones.

In the end, one  50  seems to be the solution to the problem. Sometimes the  51  idea comes quite  52  because the thinker suddenly sees something in a  53  way. Sam, for example, suddenly sees there is a piece of chewing gum stuck to a brake. He immediately hits on the solution to his problem: he must  54  the brake.

Finally the solution is  55 . Sam does it and finds his bicycle works perfectly. In short he has solved the problem.

1.                A．serious         B．usual           C．similar    D．common

2.                A．practice        B．thinking         C．understanding D．help

3.                A．fail            B．work           C．change   D．develop

4.                A．ways           B．conditions       C．stages    D．orders

5.                A．First           B．Usually         C．In general D．Most importantly

6.                A．explain         B．prove          C．show D．see

7.                A．judge          B．find            C．describe  D．face

8.                A．check          B．determine       C．correct   D．recover

9.                A．answers        B．skills           C．explanation    D．information

10.               A．possible        B．exact          C．real  D．special

11.               A．hopes          B．argues         C．decides   D．suggests

12.               A．In other words   B．Once in a while   C．First of all  D．At this time

13.               A．discussing       B．settling down    C．comparing with D．studying

14.               A．secondly       B．again          C．also  D．alone

15.               A．suggestion      B．conclusion      C．decision   D．discovery

16.               A．next           B．clear           C．final  D．new

17.               A．unexpectedly    B．late            C．clearly    D．often

18.               A．simple         B．different        C．quick D．sudden

19.               A．clean          B．separate        C．loosen    D．remove

20.               A．recorded       B．completed      C．tested D．accepted

Personal computers and the Internet give people new choices about how to spend their time.

Some may use this freedom to share less time with certain friends or family members, but new technology will also let them stay in closer touch with those they care most about. I know this from personal experience.

E-mail makes it easy to work at home, which is where I now spend most weekends and evenings. My working hours aren’t necessarily much shorter than they once were but I spend fewer of them at the office. This lets me share more time with my young daughter than I might have if she’d been born before electronic mail became such a practical tool.

The Internet also makes it easy to share thoughts with a group of friends. Say you do something fun see a great movie perhaps-and there are four or five friends who might want to hear about it. If you call each one, you may tire of telling the story.

With E-mail, you just write one note about your experience, at your convenience, and address it to all the friends you think might be interested. They can read your message when they have time, and read only as much as they want to. They can reply at their convenience, and you can read what they have to say at your convenience.

E-mail is also an inexpensive way stay in close touch with people who live far away. More than a few parents use E-mail to keep in touch, even daily touch, with their children off at college.

We just have to keep in mind that computers and the Internet offer another way of staying in touch. They don’t take the place of any of the old ways.

1.The purpose of this passage is to ________.

A．explain how to use the Internet

B．describe the writer’ s joy of keeping up with the latest technology

C．tell the merits(价值) and usefulness of the Internet

D．introduce the reader to basic knowledge about personal computers and the Internet

2.The use of E-mail has made it possible for the writer to ________.

A．spend less time working

B．have more free time with his child

C．work at home on weekends

D．work at a speed comfortable to him

3.According to the writer, E-mail has an obvious advantage over the telephone because the former helps one ________.

A．reach a group of people at one time conveniently

B．keep one’s communication as personal as possible

C．pass on much more information than the later

D．get in touch with one’s friends faster than the later

4. The best title for this passage is ________.

A．Computer: New Technological Advances

B．Internet: New Tool to Maintain Good Friendship

C．Computers Have Made Life Easier

D．Internet: a Convenient Tool for Communication

A victim of climate change

         A polar bear's dead body found on the Arctic island of Svalbard, the northernmost part of Norway, has shocked experts who say climate change may be to blame for the death. The starved polar bear in Norway was said to be in good bones by the time a group of explorers came across its body in July．

The bear is thought to have been heading north in a desperate search for sea ice that would allow it to hunt for seals．"From his lying position in death, the bear appears to simply have starved to health in April when the Norwegian Polar Institute examined and labeled it． However, the animal was reduced to skin and bones and died where he dropped," polar bear expert Dr. Ian Stirling, a professor at the University of Alberta said, "He had external suggestion of any remaining fat, having been reduced to little more than skin and bone．"

Stirling believes the bear starved to death as a result of a lack of sea ice which the animals use as a platform for hunting seals． That may also explain why the 16-year-old male bear was found about 155 miles north of where it was seen in April．

Arctic sea ice reached a record low in 2012, according to a report released this week by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration that pointed to continued signs of climate change．

The International Union for Conservation of Nature currently classifies polar bears as vulnerable on its Red List of Threatened Species．

1.How did Stirling know the reason for the death of the polar bear?

A．By the food he ate．                         B．By doing further experiments．

C．By observing other polar bears．              D．By his lying position in death．

2.The underlined word "vulnerable" probably means _____．

A．easily hurt                        B．difficult to hunt

C．dangerous                        D．amazing

3.What is the author's attitude to the incident?

A．Favorable．           B．Uncaring．         

C．Doubtful．             D．Concerned．

4.Where does this text probably come from?

A．A novel．                       B． A guidebook．      

C．A news report．                  D．An advertisement．