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The common cold is the world's most widespread illness, which is plagues (疫病) that flesh receives．
The most widespread fallacy (谬误) of all is that colds caused by cold．They are not．They are caused by viruses (病毒) passing on from person to person．You catch a cold by coming into contact, directly or indirectly, with someone who already has one．If cold causes colds, it would be reasonable to expect the Eskimos to suffer from them forever．But they do not．And in isolated arctic regions explorers have reported being free from colds until coming into contact again with infected people from the outside world by way of packages and mail dropped from airplanes．
During the First World War soldiers who spent long periods in the trenches (战壕)，cold and wet, showed no increased tendency to catch colds．
In the Second World War prisoners at the notorious Auschwitz concentration camp (奥斯维辛集中营) naked and starving, were astonished to find that they seldom had colds．
At the Common Cold Research Unit in England, volunteers took part in experiments in which they gave themselves to the discomforts of being cold and wet for long stretches of time．After taking hot baths, they put on bathing suits, allowed themselves to be with cold water, and then stood about dripping wet in drafty room．Some wore wet socks all day while others exercised in the rain until close to exhaustion．Not one of the volunteers came down with a cold unless a cold virus was actually dropped in his nose．
If, then, cold and wet have nothing to do with catching colds, why are they more frequent in the winter? Despite the most painstaking research, no one has yet found the answer．One explanation offered by scientists is that people tend to stay together indoors more in cold weather than at other times, and this makes it easier for cold viruses to be passed on．
No one has yet found a cure for the cold．There are drugs and pain suppressors (止痛片) such as aspirin, but all they do is to relieve the symptoms．
1．The writer offered ________examples to support his argument．
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2．Which of the following does NOT agree with the chosen passage?
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A．The Eskimos do not suffer from colds all the time．
B．Colds are not caused by cold．
C．People suffer from colds just because they like to stay indoors．
D．A person may catch a cold by touching someone who already had one．
3．Arctic explorers may catch colds when________．
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A．they are working in the isolated arctic regions
B．they are writing reports in terribly cold weather
C．they are free from work in the isolated arctic regions
D．they are coming into touch again with the outside world
4．Volunteers taking part in the experiments in the Common Cold Research Unit________．
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5．The passage mainly discusses________．
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A．the experiments on the common cold
B．the fallacy about the common cold
C．the reason and the way people catch colds
D．the continued spread of common colds
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PART FOUR WRITING
Read the following passage．Fill in the numbered blanks by using the information for the passage．Write NO MORE THAN 3 WORDS for each answer．
A Low-Carbon Economy(LCE)refers to an economy which has a minimal emission of greenhouse gas(GHG), namely, carbon dioxide into the biosphere(生物圈)．Recently, most of the scientists and the public hold the opinion that the climate is changing because there is such an accumulation of CO2 in the atmosphere due to human activities．The over-concentration of these gases is producing global warming that affects long-term climate, with negative impacts on humanity in the foreseeable future．LCE, therefore, is proposed as a means to avoid catastrophic climate change．
All nations which are considered carbon intensive societies and societies which are heavily populated should become zero-carbon societies and economies．Several of these countries have promised to become 'low carbon' but not entirely zero carbon, and claim that emissions will be cut by 100％ by balancing emissions rather than ceasing all emissions．
Nuclear power and the strategies of carbon capture and storage(CCS)have been proposed as the primary means to achieve a LCE while continuing to exploit non-renewable resources．Scientists are afraid, however, whether the spent-nuclear-fuel can be stored, and whether it is secure．Also they are not certain about the costs and time needed to successfully implement CCS worldwide and whether the stored emissions will leak into the biosphere or not．Alternatively, many have proposed renewable energy should be the main basis of a LCE, but, they have their associated problems of high-cost and inefficiency; this is changing, however, since investment and production have been growing significantly in recent times．Furthermore, it has been proposed that to make the transition to an LCE economically attractive we would have to attach a cost(per unit output)to GHGs through means such as emissions trading and/or a carbon tax．
A LCE is aimed to integrate all aspects of itself from its manufacturing, agriculture, transportation to power-generation around technologies that produce energy and materials with little GHG emission and thus around populations, buildings, machines and devices which use those energies and materials efficiently and dispose of or recycle its wastes so as to have a minimal output of GHGs．
Title： 1
Ⅰ． 2 ：an economy with a minimal output of GHG
Ⅱ． 3 of the present economy：
●global warming
●long-term climate change
● 4 on humanity
Ⅲ． 5 ：
●
to produce energy and materials with little GHG emission●
to use those energies and materials efficiently●
to have 6 of GHGsⅣ． 7 to achieve a LCE：
●nuclear power
●the strategies of carbon capture and storage
●
renewable energy● 8
●a carbon tax
Ⅴ． 9 ：
●spent-nuclear-fuel storage/storage of spent-nuclear-fuel
● 10
●
uncertainty about the costs and time needed?Meat and vegetables are measured in grams and kilograms. Milk and other liquid foods are measured in liters or milliliters. These units only measure quantity: they do not measure the value of the food to the body. The unit which measures the quality or value of food is the calorie the amount of heat given off by food when it brurns. This measurement tells how much energy a certain food has when it is completely used by the body.
Our bodies use varying（不同程度的） amount of calories. The more exercise we take, the more calories we burn. If we eat food which contains more calories than we use up, then it is possible that we would increase in weight. In order to avoid becoming overweight, it is advisable to eat a balanced diet and not eat too many foods that have a high calorie rating. The table below gives you some idea of the number of calories in food.
| A. Meats Slice of bacon 50 Hamburger 300 Slice of beef 100 Sausage 180 Meat pie 500 Sausage roll 350 |
| B.Fruits Apple 70 Orange 70 Pear 80 Banana 80 Plum 20 Tomato 20 |
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| C. Sweets and Pastries Small chocolate bar 190 Large chocolate bar 225 Slice apple pie 300 Doughnut 200 Scoop of ice cream 85 Bag of potato crisps 145 |
| D. Vegetables 60g carrots 18 60g potato 60 60g onion 25 60g cucumber 10 60g cabbage 15 |
1. Which is the best title of passage?
A. How to Measure the Quality of Food B. Calories in Foods
C. The Units of Measurement D. How to Keep Fit
2. How many slices of bacon equal the same number of calories as in a sausage roll?
A. 7. B. 6. C. 5. D. 8.
3. To keep the calorie intake（吸收） down, it is better to eat more____________ .
A. Chocolate B. meat pie C. Fruit D. apple pie
4. Which word in this passage means “heavier than normal”?
A. Advisable. B. Overweight. C. Balanced. D. Measurement.
5. When do you need the most calories from your diet?
A. When we sleep. B. In working in the fields.
C. While watching a play D. After having sports.
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