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Are you a social butterfly, or do you prefer being at the edge of a group of friends? Either way, your genes and evolution may play a major 1 , US researchers reported on Monday.
While it may come as no surprise that genes may help explain 2 some people have many friends and others have 3 , the researchers said, their findings go just a little farther than that.
"Some of the things we find are 4 uncommon," said Nicholas Christakis of Harvard University in Massachusetts, who helped 5 the study.
"We find that how interconnected your friends are 6 on your genes. Some people have four friends who know each other and some people have four friends who don't 7 each other. 8 Dick and Harry know each other depends on Tom's 9 ," Christakis said in a telephone interview.
Christakis and colleague James Fowler of the University of California San Diego are 10 known for their studies that show obesity, smoking and happiness spread in networks.
For this study, they and Christopher Dawes of UCSD used national data that 11 more than 1,000 identical(同卵的) and fraternal（异卵的） twins’ genes. Because 12 share an environment, these studies are good for showing the impact that genes have 13 various things, because identical twins 14 all their genes while fraternal twins share just half.
"We found there appears to be a genetic tendency to introduce your friends 15 each other," Christakis said.
There could be good, evolutionary reasons 16 this. People in the middle of a social network could be secret to useful gossip, 17 the location of food or good investment choices.
But they would also be at risk of catching effects from all sides -- in which case the advantage would 18 more cautious social behavior, they wrote in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
"It may be that natural selection is 19 not just things like whether or not we can resist the common cold, but also who it is that we are going to come into 20 with," Fowler said in a statement.
( ) 1. A. role B. rule C. roll D. pole
( ) 2. A. where B. why C. when D. how
( ) 3. A. a few B. several C. few D. some
( ) 4. A. generally B. mainly C. mostly D. frankly
( ) 5. A. conduct B. introduce C. conflict D. instruct
( ) 6. A. depends B. bases C. take D. put
( ) 7. A. see B. inspect C. learn D. know
( ) 8. A. When B. Where C. What D. Whether
( ) 9. A. genes B. brains C. appearances D. figures
( ) 10. A. much B. best C. very D. least
( ) 11. A. recorded B. illustrated C. described D. compared
( ) 12. A. brothers B. sisters C. twins D. cousins
( ) 13. A. with B. on C. for D. to
( ) 14. A. share B. have C. own D. show
( ) 15. A. into B. to C. in D. from
( ) 16. A. for B. with C. to D. at
( ) 17. A. in addition to B. due to C. as for D. such as
( ) 18. A. lie on B. bring in C. lie in D. send in
( ) 19. A. acting on B. putting on C. relying on D. sending on
( ) 20. A. contract B. face C. join D. contact
查看习题详情和答案>>Are you a social butterfly, or do you prefer being at the edge of a group of friends? Either way, your genes and evolution may play a major 1 , US researchers reported on Monday.
While it may come as no surprise that genes may help explain 2 some people have many friends and others have 3 , the researchers said, their findings go just a little farther than that.
"Some of the things we find are 4 uncommon," said Nicholas Christakis of Harvard University in Massachusetts, who helped 5 the study.
"We find that how interconnected your friends are 6 on your genes. Some people have four friends who know each other and some people have four friends who don't 7 each other. 8 Dick and Harry know each other depends on Tom's 9 ," Christakis said in a telephone interview.
Christakis and colleague James Fowler of the University of California San Diego are 10 known for their studies that show obesity, smoking and happiness spread in networks.
For this study, they and Christopher Dawes of UCSD used national data that 11 more than 1,000 identical(同卵的) and fraternal（异卵的） twins’ genes. Because 12 share an environment, these studies are good for showing the impact that genes have 13 various things, because identical twins 14 all their genes while fraternal twins share just half.
"We found there appears to be a genetic tendency to introduce your friends 15 each other," Christakis said.
There could be good, evolutionary reasons 16 this. People in the middle of a social network could be secret to useful gossip, 17 the location of food or good investment choices.
But they would also be at risk of catching effects from all sides -- in which case the advantage would 18 more cautious social behavior, they wrote in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
"It may be that natural selection is 19 not just things like whether or not we can resist the common cold, but also who it is that we are going to come into 20 with," Fowler said in a statement.
( ) 1. A. role B. rule C. roll D. pole
( ) 2. A. where B. why C. when D. how
( ) 3. A. a few B. several C. few D. some
( ) 4. A. generally B. mainly C. mostly D. frankly
( ) 5. A. conduct B. introduce C. conflict D. instruct
( ) 6. A. depends B. bases C. take D. put
( ) 7. A. see B. inspect C. learn D. know
( ) 8. A. When B. Where C. What D. Whether
( ) 9. A. genes B. brains C. appearances D. figures
( ) 10. A. much B. best C. very D. least
( ) 11. A. recorded B. illustrated C. described D. compared
( ) 12. A. brothers B. sisters C. twins D. cousins
( ) 13. A. with B. on C. for D. to
( ) 14. A. share B. have C. own D. show
( ) 15. A. into B. to C. in D. from
( ) 16. A. for B. with C. to D. at
( ) 17. A. in addition to B. due to C. as for D. such as
( ) 18. A. lie on B. bring in C. lie in D. send in
( ) 19. A. acting on B. putting on C. relying on D. sending on
( ) 20. A. contract B. face C. join D. contact
查看习题详情和答案>>In my friend’s eyes I am a lucky dog. Beijing Foreign Studies University （BFSU） had 1 me 49 days before the “big day”.
The college entrance exam lost its 2 to me. It became a problem that others would have to deal with. 3 , like all my friends and everyone else around me, I worked hard every 4 of the way in order to achieve my goal.
The chance to take BFSU’s pre-test was a turning point in high school. It was a dilemma at first because BFSU 5 on the humanities （人文科学） and 1 had never 6 that route. I did not make up my mind 7 my teacher told me that nobody should ever 8 an opportunity. Having 9 with the decision all night, I decided at least to give it a go. The following week, I 10 no effort in getting fully prepared for BFSU’s test. I worked so hard that I often 11 myself studying at my desk at four o'clock in the morning. I 12 began to understand the saying, “No pains, no gains. “
After I had been 13 , my friend asked me if I 14 not being able to achieve my 15 dream. And yes, I sometimes 16 what would have happened if I had kept on moving. But I have no regrets. As a 19-year-old girl, I don’t have a clear view of my 17 . But after I got to BFSU’s campus and saw devoted professors and students, I realized that this is the place for me to make a （n） 18 in society.
Recently, I have been busy helping my classmates put their school registration in 19 . We all used to work so hard together. Without as much pressure from the examination as before, I 20 every opportunity to do whatever I can for my classmates. I hope they can make use of their precious time to prepare for the war, the university entrance examination. And I hope that they can win this battle.
1．A．adopted B．assisted C．admitted D．approved
2．A．importance B．pressure C．advantage D．strength
3．A．Generally B．However C．Otherwise D．Indeed
4．A．minute B．moment C．step D．action
5．A．rests B．depends C．bases D．focuses
6．A．beard B．met C．seen D．considered
7．A．unless B．until C．when D．before
8．A．miss B．risk C．take D．inspire
9．A．stayed B．struggled C．competed D．companied
10．A．spared B．took C．distorted D．avoided
11．A．forced B．found C．promoted D．made
12．A．suddenly B．gradually C．quickly D．naturally
13．A．hired B．elected C．noticed D．accepted
14．A．hated B．remembered C．regretted D．minded
15．A．satisfactory B．unique C．big D．original
16．A．wonder B．doubt C．question D．ask
17．A．past B．present C．future D．experience
18．A．understanding B．chance C．difference D．sense
19．A．number B．order C．size D．amount
20．A．alter B．issue C．acquaint D．appreciate
查看习题详情和答案>>
第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1．5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
In my friends’eyes I am a lucky dog. Beijing Foreign Studies University （BFSU） had __36 me 49 days before the “big day”.
The college entrance exam lost its 37 to me. It became a problem that others would have to deal with. 38 , like all my friends and everyone else around me, I worked hard every __39__ of the way in order to achieve my goal.
The chance to take BFSU’s pre - test was a turning point in high school. It was a dilemma（困难的抉择）at first because BFSU 40 on the humanities （人文科学）and I had never 41__ that route. I did not make up my mind 42 my teacher told me that nobody should ever 43__ an opportunity. Having 44 with the decision all night, I decided at least to give it a go. The following week, I 45 no effort in getting fully prepared for BFSU’s test. I worked so hard that I often 46 myself studying at my desk at four o’clock in the morning. I 47 began to understand the saying, “No pains, no gains.”
After I had been 48 , my friends asked me if I 49 not being able to achieve my __50__ dream. And yes, I sometimes 51 what would have happened if I had kept on moving. But I have no regrets. As a 19 - year - old girl, I don’t have a clear view of my 52 . But after I got to BFSU’s campus and saw devoted professors and students, I realized that this is the place for me to make a（n） 53 in society.
Recently, I have been busy helping my classmates put their school registration（报名表）in __54 . We all used to work so hard together. Without as much pressure from the examination as before, I 55 every opportunity to do whatever I can for my classmates. I hope they can make use of their precious time to prepare for the war, the university entrance examination. And I hope that they can win this battle.
36. A. allowed B. permitted C. admitted D. approved
37. A. pressure B. importance C. advantage D. strength
38. A. Besides B. Otherwise C. However D. Indeed
39. A. step B. moment C. minute D. action
40. A. rests B. depends C. bases D. focuses
41. A. heard B. considered C. seen D. met
42. A. until B. unless C. when D. before
43. A. miss B. risk C. take D. catch
44. A. stayed B. competed C. struggled D. complained
45. A. spared B. took C. shared D. avoided
46. A. forced B. made C. promoted D. found
47. A. gradually B. suddenly C. quickly D. naturally
48. A. hired B. accepted C. received D. elected
49. A. hated B. rememberedC. regretted D. minded
50. A. satisfactory B. unique C. big D. original
51. A. wonder B. doubt C. question D. ask
52. A. past B. future C. present D. experience
53. A. opportunity B. chance C. difference D. sense
54. A. number B. order C. size D. amount
55. A. appreciate B. issue C. understand D. change
查看习题详情和答案>>
第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1．5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
In my friends’eyes I am a lucky dog. Beijing Foreign Studies University （BFSU） had __36 me 49 days before the “big day”.
The college entrance exam lost its 37 to me. It became a problem that others would have to deal with. 38 , like all my friends and everyone else around me, I worked hard every __39__ of the way in order to achieve my goal.
The chance to take BFSU’s pre - test was a turning point in high school. It was a dilemma（困难的抉择）at first because BFSU 40 on the humanities （人文科学）and I had never 41__ that route. I did not make up my mind 42 my teacher told me that nobody should ever 43__ an opportunity. Having 44 with the decision all night, I decided at least to give it a go. The following week, I 45 no effort in getting fully prepared for BFSU’s test. I worked so hard that I often 46 myself studying at my desk at four o’clock in the morning. I 47 began to understand the saying, “No pains, no gains.”
After I had been 48 , my friends asked me if I 49 not being able to achieve my __50__ dream. And yes, I sometimes 51 what would have happened if I had kept on moving. But I have no regrets. As a 19 - year - old girl, I don’t have a clear view of my 52 . But after I got to BFSU’s campus and saw devoted professors and students, I realized that this is the place for me to make a（n） 53 in society.
Recently, I have been busy helping my classmates put their school registration（报名表）in __54 . We all used to work so hard together. Without as much pressure from the examination as before, I 55 every opportunity to do whatever I can for my classmates. I hope they can make use of their precious time to prepare for the war, the university entrance examination. And I hope that they can win this battle.
36. A. allowed B. permitted C. admitted D. approved
37. A. pressure B. importance C. advantage D. strength
38. A. Besides B. Otherwise C. However D. Indeed
39. A. step B. moment C. minute D. action
40. A. rests B. depends C. bases D. focuses
41. A. heard B. considered C. seen D. met
42. A. until B. unless C. when D. before
43. A. miss B. risk C. take D. catch
44. A. stayed B. competed C. struggled D. complained
45. A. spared B. took C. shared D. avoided
46. A. forced B. made C. promoted D. found
47. A. gradually B. suddenly C. quickly D. naturally
48. A. hired B. accepted C. received D. elected
49. A. hated B. rememberedC. regretted D. minded
50. A. satisfactory B. unique C. big D. original
51. A. wonder B. doubt C. question D. ask
52. A. past B. future C. present D. experience
53. A. opportunity B. chance C. difference D. sense
54. A. number B. order C. size D. amount
55. A. appreciate B. issue C. understand D. change
查看习题详情和答案>>