There seems never to have been a civilization without toys, but when and how they developed is unknown. They probably came about just to give children something to do.
In the ancient world, as is today, most boys played with some kinds of toys and most girls with another. In societies where social roles are strictly determined, boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls after the tasks of their mothers.This is true because boys and girls are being prepared, even in play, to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world.
What is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much how they changed over the centuries but how much they have remained the same. The changes have been mostly in terms of skill, mechanics, and technology. It is the universality of toys with regard to their development in all parts of the world and their insistence to the present that is amazing. In Egypt, the US, China,Japan and among the Arctic peoples, generally the same kinds of toys appeared. Variations depended on local customs and ways of life because toys reflect their surroundings.Nearly every civilization had dolls, little weapons, toy soldiers, tiny animals and vehicles.
Because toys can be generally regarded as a kind of art form, they have not been affected by technological quick development that characterize inventions for adult use. The progress from the wheel to the ox-cart to the automobile is a direct line of ahievement. The progress from a rattle(拨浪鼓) used by a baby in 3000 BC to one used by a baby today, however, is not characterized by inventiveness. Each rattle is the product of the artistic tastes of times and subject to the limtations of available materials.
【小题1】. The reason why the toys most boys play with are different from those that girls play with is that_________.

There seems never to have been a civilization without toys, but when and how they developed is unknown． They probably came about just to give children something to do．
　　In the ancient world, as is today, most boys played with some kinds of toys and most girls with another． In societies where social roles are rigidly determined, boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls after the tasks of their mothers． This is true because boys and girls are being prepared, even in play, to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world．
　　What is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much how they changed over the centuries but how much they have remained the same． The changes have been mostly in terms of craftsmanship, mechanics, and technology． It is the universality of toys with regard to their development in all parts of the world and their persistence to the present that is amazing．In Egypt, the Americas, China, Japan and among the Arctic （北极的） peoples, generally the same kinds of toys appeared． Variations depended on local customs and ways of life because toys imitate their surroundings． Nearly every civilization had dolls, little weapons, toy soldiers, tiny animals and vehicles．
Because toys can be generally regarded as a kind of art form, they have not been subject to technological leaps that characterize inventions for adult use． The progress from the wheel to the oxcart to the automobile is a direct line of ascent （进步）． The progress from a rattle used by a baby in 3,000 BC to one used by an infant today, however, is not characterized by inventiveness． Each rattle is the product of the artistic tastes of the times and subject to the limitations of available materials．
【小题1】Which is a major factor leading to the different variations of toys?

There seems never to have been a civilization without toys, but when and how they developed is unknown． They probably came about just to give children something to do．

　　In the ancient world, as is today, most boys played with some kinds of toys and most girls with another． In societies where social roles are rigidly determined, boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls after the tasks of their mothers． This is true because boys and girls are being prepared, even in play, to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world．

　　What is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much how they changed over the centuries but how much they have remained the same． The changes have been mostly in terms of craftsmanship, mechanics, and technology． It is the universality of toys with regard to their development in all parts of the world and their persistence to the present that is amazing． In Egypt, the Americas, China, Japan and among the Arctic （北极的） peoples, generally the same kinds of toys appeared． Variations depended on local customs and ways of life because toys imitate their surroundings． Nearly every civilization had dolls, little weapons, toy soldiers, tiny animals and vehicles．

Because toys can be generally regarded as a kind of art form, they have not been subject to technological leaps that characterize inventions for adult use． The progress from the wheel to the oxcart to the automobile is a direct line of ascent （进步）． The progress from a rattle used by a baby in 3,000 BC to one used by an infant today, however, is not characterized by inventiveness． Each rattle is the product of the artistic tastes of the times and subject to the limitations of available materials．

1.Which is a major factor leading to the different variations of toys?

         A． Scientific advances and technological progress

         B． Different local customs and lifestyles of different peoples

         C． Craftsmanship, mechanics, and technology

         D． The artistic tastes of the times and the limitations of available materials

2.Why do boys and girls play with different kinds of toys?

         A． Because they are intended for different social roles and responsibilities．

         B． Because boys like to invent and girls imitate．

         C． Because boys play with their fathers while girls their mothers．

         D． Because they will take up different jobs when they grow up．

3.One amazing aspect about the “universality of toys” is______．

         A． They appeared all over the world almost at the same time in history．

         B． They have not changed except in craftsmanship, mechanics, and technology．

         C． Having existed for thousands of years, toys are still found all over the world today．

         D． They are a kind of art form, which has been promoted by inventiveness．

There seems never to have been a civilization without toys, but when and how they developed is unknown. They probably came about just to give children something to do.

In the ancient world, as is today, most boys played with some kinds of toys and most girls with another. In societies where social roles are strictly determined, boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls after the tasks of their mothers.This is true because boys and girls are being prepared, even in play, to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world.

What is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much how they changed over the centuries but how much they have remained the same. The changes have been mostly in terms of skill, mechanics, and technology. It is the universality of toys with regard to their development in all parts of the world and their insistence to the present that is amazing. In Egypt, the US, China,Japan and among the Arctic peoples, generally the same kinds of toys appeared. Variations depended on local customs and ways of life because toys reflect their surroundings.Nearly every civilization had dolls, little weapons, toy soldiers, tiny animals and vehicles.

Because toys can be generally regarded as a kind of art form, they have not been affected by technological quick development that characterize inventions for adult use. The progress from the wheel to the ox-cart to the automobile is a direct line of ahievement. The progress from a rattle(拨浪鼓) used by a baby in 3000 BC to one used by a baby today, however, is not characterized by inventiveness. Each rattle is the product of the artistic tastes of times and subject to the limtations of available materials.

1.. The reason why the toys most boys play with are different from those that girls play with is that_________.

2.. Which of the following is the author’s view on the historical development of toys？

3.. Regarded as a kind of art form, toys________.

4.. The author uses the example of a rattle to show that________.

       There seems never to have been a civilization without toys, but when and how they developed is unknown．They probably came about just to give children something to do．

       In the ancient world, as is today, most boys played with some kinds of toys and most girls with another．In societies where social roles are rigidly determined, boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls are being prepared, even in play, to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world．

       What is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much how they changed over the centuries but how much they have remained the same．The changes have been mostly in terms of craftsmanship, mechanics, and technology．It is the universality of toys with regard to their development in all parts of the word and their persistence to the present that is amazing．In Egypt, America, China, Japan and among the Arctic（北极的） people, generally the same kinds of toys appeared．Variations depended on local customs and way of life because toys imitate their surrounding．Nearly every civilization had dolls, little weapons, toy soldiers, tiny animals and vehicles．

       Because toys can be generally regarded as a kind of art form, they have not been subject to technological leaps that characterize inventions for adult use．The progress from the wheel to the cart to the automobile is a direct line of ways up．The progress from a rattle （拨浪鼓） used by a baby in 3,000 BC to one used by an infant today, however, is not characterized by inventiveness．Each rattle is the product of the artistic tastes of the times and subject to the limitations of available materials．

71．The reason why the toys moat boys play with are different from those that gills play with is that _____.

       A．their social roles are rigidly determined

       B．they like challenging activities

       C．most boys would like to follow their fathers' professions

       D．boys like to play with their fathers while girl with their mothers

72．One aspect of "the universality of toys" lies in the fact that _____．

       A．the basic characteristics of toys are the same all over the world

       B．technological advances have greatly improved the durability of toys

       C．the exploration of the universe has led to the creation of new kinds of toys

       D．the improvement of craftsmanship in making toys depends on the efforts of universities

73．Which of the following is the author's view on the historical development of toys?

       A．Toys are playing an increasingly important role in shaping a child's character．

       B．The toy industry has witnessed great leaps in technology in recent years．

       C．The craftsmanship in toy - making has remained essentially unchanged．

       D．Toys have remained basically the same all through the centuries．

74．Regarded as a kind of art form, toys _____．

       A．reflect the pace of social progress

       B．are not characterized by technological progress

       C．follow a direct line of ascent

       D．also appeal greatly to adults

75．The author uses the example of a rattle to show that _____．

       A．it often takes a long time to introduce new technology into toy - making

       B．even the simplest toys can reflect the progress of technology

       C．even a simple toy can mirror the artistic tastes of the time

       D．in toy - making there is a continuity in the use of materials