People who averaged fewer than seven hours of sleep per night in the weeks before being exposed to the cold virus were nearly three times as likely to get sick as those who averaged eight hours or more, a new study found.

Researchers used frequent telephone interviews to track the sleep habits of more than 150 men and women aged 21 to 55 over the last few weeks. Then they exposed the subjects to the virus, quarantined (检疫隔离) them for five days and kept track of who got sick.

Besides sleeping more, sleeping better also seemed to help the body fight illness: Patients who fared better on a measure known as “sleep efficiency”—the percentage of time in bed that you’re actually sleeping—were also less likely to get sick.

The results held true even after researchers adjusted for elements such as body-mass index, age, sex, smoking and pre-existing antibodies (抗体) to the virus.

The researchers aren’t exactly sure why sleeping better makes you less likely to develop a cold. But they do try to give an answer: “Sleep disturbance influences the regulation of symptom mediators (调节因子) that are released in response to infection.” In plain English, maybe tossing and turning when you’re infected with the cold virus contributes to the symptoms that define a cold.

The researchers were based at Carnegie Mellon, the University of Pittsburgh and the University of Virginia, and the study was funded by the National Institutes of Health.

1. According to the passage, what does the underlined word “subjects” mean in paragraph 2?

A. areas of knowledge in a school

B. people being studied in an experiment

C. research topics

D. animals being tested

2.It is shown in the passage that _______.

A. the researchers obtain information about the sleep habits by frequent interviews

B. the researchers do their research in the National Institutes of Health

C. people hope to avoid being infected with a cold by sleeping as much as possible

D. sleeping more and better helps regulate the symptom mediators

3.What’s the best title of the passage?

A. The Relationship Between Virus and Cold

B. How to Sleep Well

C. Good Sleep Helps Fight a Cold

D. The More the Sleep, the Better Your Body

Once again, science supports what your grandmother told you: A good night's sleep helps your body fight a cold.

People who averaged fewer than seven hours of sleep per   1   in the weeks before being exposed to the cold virus were nearly three times   2   likely to get sick as those who   3   eight hours or more, a new study found.

Researchers used frequent telephone   4   to track the sleep   5   of more than 150 men and women aged 21 to 55 over the course of a few weeks. Then they   6   the subjects to the virus, quarantined them for five days and kept   7   of who got sick.

  8   sleeping more, sleeping better also seemed to   9   the body fight illness: Patients who fared better on a measure   10   as 'sleep efficiency' - the percentage of time in bed that you're actually sleeping - were also   11   likely to get sick.

The results held   12   even after researchers   13   for variables such as body-mass index, age, sex, smoking and pre-existing antibodies to the   14   .

  15   your grandmother, the researchers aren't exactly sure   16   sleeping better makes you less likely to   17   a cold. But they   18    take a stab at the answer: 'Sleep disturbance influences the regulation of proinflammatory cytokines（促炎细胞因子）, histamines, and other symptom mediators that are released in response to infection.' In plain English, maybe tossing and turning when you're   19   with the cold virus   20   to the symptoms that define a cold.

The researchers were based at Carnegie Mellon, the University of Pittsburgh and the University of Virginia, and the study was funded by the National Institutes of Health.

(   ) 1. A. day             B. night                C. week                       D. month

(   ) 2. A. more          B. as                    C. less                         D. same

(   ) 3. A. occurred     B. worked             C. averaged                  D. longed

(   ) 4. A. interviews   B. reports             C. announcements         D. demands

(   ) 5. A. hobbies       B. quality             C. progress                  D. habits

(   ) 6. A. exposed      B. placed              C. protected                 D. prayed

(   ) 7. A. touch          B. check                      C. track                       D. reward

(   ) 8. A. Except               B. Besides             C. Within                     D. Through

(   ) 9. A. benefit               B. guard                C. help                             D. assist

(   ) 10. A. known      B. acted                C. appointed                D. classified

(   ) 11. A. more         B. less                  C. far                          D. totally

(   ) 12. A. ideal         B. false               C. actual                      D. true

(   ) 13. A. adopted     B. adjusted            C. enlarged                  D. employed

(   ) 14. A. bodies       B. cells                 C. virus                       D. medicines

(   ) 15. A. Like          B. As                    C. Against                    D. By

(   ) 16. A. What               B. When               C. Where                     D. Why

(   ) 17. A. develop     B. form                C. fight                       D. prevent

(   ) 18. A. did           B. often                C. do                           D. never

(   ) 19. A. infected     B. surrounded       C. limited                    D. attached

(   ) 20. A. pulls         B. promotes          C. speeds                     D. contributes

Once again, science supports what your grandmother told you: A good night's sleep helps your body fight a cold.

People who averaged fewer than seven hours of sleep per   1   in the weeks before being exposed to the cold virus were nearly three times   2   likely to get sick as those who   3   eight hours or more, a new study found.

Researchers used frequent telephone   4   to track the sleep   5   of more than 150 men and women aged 21 to 55 over the course of a few weeks. Then they   6   the subjects to the virus, quarantined them for five days and kept   7   of who got sick.

  8   sleeping more, sleeping better also seemed to   9   the body fight illness: Patients who fared better on a measure   10   as 'sleep efficiency' - the percentage of time in bed that you're actually sleeping - were also   11   likely to get sick.

The results held   12   even after researchers   13   for variables such as body-mass index, age, sex, smoking and pre-existing antibodies to the   14   .

  15   your grandmother, the researchers aren't exactly sure   16   sleeping better makes you less likely to   17   a cold. But they   18    take a stab at the answer: 'Sleep disturbance influences the regulation of proinflammatory cytokines（促炎细胞因子）, histamines, and other symptom mediators that are released in response to infection.' In plain English, maybe tossing and turning when you're   19   with the cold virus   20   to the symptoms that define a cold.

The researchers were based at Carnegie Mellon, the University of Pittsburgh and the University of Virginia, and the study was funded by the National Institutes of Health.

(   ) 1. A. day             B. night               C. week                      D. month

(   ) 2. A. more          B. as                    C. less                         D. same

(   ) 3. A. occurred     B. worked             C. averaged                  D. longed

(   ) 4. A. interviews   B. reports             C. announcements        D. demands

(   ) 5. A. hobbies       B. quality             C. progress                  D. habits

(   ) 6. A. exposed      B. placed              C. protected                 D. prayed

(   ) 7. A. touch          B. check                      C. track                      D. reward

(   ) 8. A. Except               B. Besides             C. Within                     D. Through

(   ) 9. A. benefit               B. guard                C. help                             D. assist

(   ) 10. A. known      B. acted               C. appointed               D. classified

(   ) 11. A. more        B. less                  C. far                          D. totally

(   ) 12. A. ideal        B. false               C. actual                      D. true

(   ) 13. A. adopted     B. adjusted            C. enlarged                  D. employed

(   ) 14. A. bodies       B. cells                 C. virus                      D. medicines

(   ) 15. A. Like          B. As                    C. Against                    D. By

(   ) 16. A. What               B. When               C. Where                     D. Why

(   ) 17. A. develop     B. form               C. fight                      D. prevent

(   ) 18. A. did           B. often               C. do                           D. never

(   ) 19. A. infected     B. surrounded       C. limited                    D. attached

(   ) 20. A. pulls        B. promotes          C. speeds                     D. contributes

Once again, science supports what your grandmother told you: A good night's sleep helps your body fight a cold.

People who averaged fewer than seven hours of sleep per   1   in the weeks before being exposed to the cold virus were nearly three times   2   likely to get sick as those who   3   eight hours or more, a new study found.

Researchers used frequent telephone   4   to track the sleep   5   of more than 150 men and women aged 21 to 55 over the course of a few weeks. Then they   6   the subjects to the virus, quarantined them for five days and kept   7   of who got sick.

  8   sleeping more, sleeping better also seemed to   9   the body fight illness: Patients who fared better on a measure   10   as 'sleep efficiency' - the percentage of time in bed that you're actually sleeping - were also   11   likely to get sick.

The results held   12   even after researchers   13   for variables such as body-mass index, age, sex, smoking and pre-existing antibodies to the   14   .

  15   your grandmother, the researchers aren't exactly sure   16   sleeping better makes you less likely to   17   a cold. But they   18    take a stab at the answer: 'Sleep disturbance influences the regulation of proinflammatory cytokines（促炎细胞因子）, histamines, and other symptom mediators that are released in response to infection.' In plain English, maybe tossing and turning when you're   19   with the cold virus   20   to the symptoms that define a cold.

The researchers were based at Carnegie Mellon, the University of Pittsburgh and the University of Virginia, and the study was funded by the National Institutes of Health.

(   ) 1. A. day             B. night               C. week                      D. month

(   ) 2. A. more          B. as                    C. less                         D. same

(   ) 3. A. occurred     B. worked             C. averaged                  D. longed

(   ) 4. A. interviews   B. reports             C. announcements        D. demands

(   ) 5. A. hobbies       B. quality             C. progress                  D. habits

(   ) 6. A. exposed      B. placed              C. protected                 D. prayed

(   ) 7. A. touch          B. check                      C. track                      D. reward

(   ) 8. A. Except               B. Besides             C. Within                     D. Through

(   ) 9. A. benefit               B. guard                C. help                             D. assist

(   ) 10. A. known      B. acted               C. appointed               D. classified

(   ) 11. A. more        B. less                  C. far                          D. totally

(   ) 12. A. ideal        B. false               C. actual                          D. true

(   ) 13. A. adopted     B. adjusted            C. enlarged                  D. employed

(   ) 14. A. bodies       B. cells                 C. virus                      D. medicines

(   ) 15. A. Like          B. As                    C. Against                    D. By

(   ) 16. A. What               B. When                   C. Where                     D. Why

(   ) 17. A. develop     B. form               C. fight                      D. prevent

(   ) 18. A. did           B. often               C. do                           D. never

(   ) 19. A. infected     B. surrounded       C. limited                    D. attached

(   ) 20. A. pulls        B. promotes          C. speeds                     D. contributes

Like poorly managed stress, anger that isn’t handled in a healthy way can be not only uncomfortable, but even damaging to one’s health and personal life. Consider the following research on anger:

One study from the University of Washington School of Nursing studied   1   problems in husbands and wives. Researchers cited(引用) previous evidence that anger problems and depressive symptoms have been linked to all major   2   of death, but found that wives specifically found a greater association between anger and   3   of depression,   4   men tended to instead experience an   5   between anger and health problems.

According to a study from Ohio State University, those who had less control over their anger   6   to heal more slowly from wounds. Researchers gave blisters(起疱膏) to 98 participants and found that, after 8 days, those who had less control over their anger also tended to be   7   healers.    8   , those participants also tended to have more cortisol (a stress hormone) in their system during the blistering procedure,   9   that they may be more stressed by difficult situations as well.

  10   study from Harvard School of Public Health studied hostility(敌对行为) in men and found that those with   11   rates of hostility not only had poorer pulmonary functioning (breathing problems), but experienced higher rates of decline as they aged.

Research with children and   12   shows that anger   13   is important for the younger set as well. Findings showed that youth who cope inappropriately with their anger are at greater   14   for problem-ridden(受…支配的) interpersonal relationships. Their   15   is also at risk; those who cope poorly with anger tend to have more negative   16   when it comes to both mental and general health. This highlights the fact that anger management is an important skill to   17   early.

These are just a few of the many studies linking anger to   18   and emotional health problems, from the obvious to the   19   . Because poorly managed anger presents such a significant problem in so many areas of life, it’s important to take steps toward learning and using healthy anger management techniques in daily life,    20   stress management techniques.

(   ) 1. A. anger                 B. health               C. emotion            D. spirit

(   ) 2. A. causes               B. effects              C. excuses             D. factors

(   ) 3. A. times                 B. results              C. influences        D. symptoms

(   ) 4. A. but                    B. if                     C. while                      D. though

(   ) 5. A. appreciation       B. attention           C. association        D. attraction

(   ) 6. A. prepared            B. addicted           C. accustomed       D. tended

(   ) 7. A. faster                 B. more               C. slower              D. quicker

(   ) 8. A. As well as          B. In addition        C. Except             D. What’s worse

(   ) 9. A. predicting          B. promising        C. expecting          D. suggesting

(   ) 10. A. Other                      B. More               C. Another            D. The other

(   ) 11. A. higher              B. lower                      C. thicker             D. fewer

(   ) 12. A. adults               B. adolescents       C. elders               D. citizens

(   ) 13. A. development     B. management     C. argument          D. engagement

(   ) 14. A. chance             B. choice              C. rate                  D. risk

(   ) 15. A. body               B. feeling             C. health               D. emotion

(   ) 16. A. outcomes          B. meanings          C. effects              D. pains

(   ) 17. A. recite                      B. learn               C. understand        D. explore

(   ) 18. A. facial                      B. spiritual            C. psychological    D. physical

(   ) 19. A. unperfected      B. unexpected       C. unprotected       D. uncovered

(   ) 20. A. along with               B. along side        C. as with             D. for with