摘要：答:① 情态动词的基本用法. ② 情态动词表示客气的用法以及在一般疑问句中的问与答. ③ 情态动词表示推测或判断. ④ 情态动词表示责备.用于虚拟语气. ⑤ 虚拟语气在宾语从句和条件状语从句中的运用. 例1:(南京市2008届高三第二次调研测试英语卷) ---But for your timely warning, we into great trouble. ---You know we’re friends. A. would get B. must have got C. would have got D. can’t have got [答案]B . [题源探究] 考查虚拟语气在暗含条件的句子中的用法 [广角思维] But for your timely warning,在本句中提供了一个暗含的条件=if it hadn’t been for your timely help, 由此可以判断出主句中用would have done 来表示与过去的事实相反. [易误警示] 看不出But for your timely warning,的暗含条件作用.可能对此题束手无策,知道But for your timely warning,的暗含条件作用但是却判断不出指的是何时的事情.结果选择了A. [悟彻高考] 暗含条件在虚拟语气中的运用是一个比较重要的用法.具体用法如下: But for the meeting, I would have gone home at the time. 要不是开会.我早就回家了. It would be only partly right to follow in this way. 如果用这种方式.仅仅对了一半. Having known in time ,we might have prevented the accident. 要是及时得知的话.我们也许能阻止这场事故.(-ing 分词做条件状语.暗示条件:If we had known in time) Given more attention, the tree could have grown better. 如果多留心的话.这树本来可以长的更好.(-ed 分词做条件状语.暗示: If the tree had been given more attention) I was too busy at that time, otherwise, I would have called you. 我当时太忙.否则我就给你打电话了.(副词otherwise暗示条件) 由此可知.在特定的上下文或一目了然的情况下.if条件句可以省略.或使用介词短语.副词或非谓语动词等形式来代替if条件句.这种虚拟语气表达形式叫做含蓄条件句. [同类预测] 暗含条件句能很好的检测出学生的英语能力.在考试命题中命题人对此用法的考查也是情有独钟的. He fatter but he eats too little . A. would become B. would have become C. must become D. must have become 答案;A 解析:根据语意可以知道我们可以在but he eats too little前加上一个省去的条件状语从句if he ate much.由此可知是与现在时相反所以主句用would become. 例2:一What does the sign over there read? 一“No person smoke or carry a lighted cigarette.cigar or pipe in this area． A．will B．may C．Shall D. must [答案]C . [题源探究] 考查情态动词的基本用法的比较. [广角思维] 第一句话中的the sign提供了一个语境.标牌或条文规章制度中提出的要做某事或不做某事要用shall. [易误警示] may的语气太弱.不能作为该题的答案,must语气太强与sign提供的语境不一致. [悟彻高考] shall做情态动词的主要用法有:(1)shall用作情态动词时.用于各种人称的陈述句中.表示说活人的意愿.可表示“命令 .“警告 .“强制 .“威胁 或“允诺 等意.具体用法如下: 1)许诺 I don't want to be hard on your daughter ; she shan't be pressed . 我不想对你女儿太严厉.她不会太受压的. I promise that you shall see her again before long . 我保证你不久就能再见到她. 2)命令 You shall come to my office immediately .你必须马上来我的办公室. You shall do as you are told .按告诉你的那么做. 3)决心 It has been decided that he shall be given the job . 肯定给他那份工作的事已经定下来了. 4)规定 Each competitor shall wear a number .每个参赛者要佩戴一个数字标. The renter shall keep the house in a neat and orderly state . 租赁者要保持房屋整洁有序. The supplier shall make shipment before October and the purchaser shall make payment within 15 days after receipt of the goods .卖方十月以前装运.买方在收到货物后十五天内付款.(2)在疑问句中.shall用于第一.三人称.表示说话人的征询对方意见或请求指示.如:Shall I open the door? [同类预测] shall的这两种用法频繁的出现在各种试题中.以后也必将经常出现. He if he works hard for the people. A. shall praise B. shall be praised C. will praise D. will be praised 答案:B 解析:本句意思是“他会受到表扬 .说话人希望他受到表扬.而will表示的是句子的主语的意愿.那样意思就是“他愿意受到表扬 .显然不对.shall用于第三人称可表示说话人对某人所持有的主观立场和坚定的信念 例3:-My cat’s really fat. -You have given her so much food. A. wouldn’t B. couldn’t C. shouldn’t D. mustn’t [答案]C . [题源探究] 考查should/shouldn’t的完成形式的用法. [广角思维] 根据语境可以知道是说“本不应该给猫太多食物却给了 所以答案为C.should / oughtn't to have done.意为本来不应做但实际已做.表达遗憾的感情色彩. [易误警示] 不能准确把握语境.误认为是本不能做某事却做了.结果选择了B [悟彻高考] should / oughtn't to have done.意为本来不应做但实际已做.表达遗憾的感情色彩.should/ought to have done 意为本来应做但实际没有做.表达遗憾的感情色彩. [同类预测] (1)There was a lot of fun at yesterday's party. You come, but why didn't you? A. must have B. should C. need have D. ought to have 析:答案D. 该空含你本来应来但实际未来之意.应填ought to have. (2)I was really anxious about you. You home without a word. A. mustn't leave B. shouldn't have left C. couldn't have left D. needn't leave 析:答案B. 该空含你本不应该一句话不说就离开家但实际已这么做之意.所以应填shouldn't have left. 例4. (福建省福州三中2007-2008学年第二学期高三模拟考试) -We need a person badly to be in charge of this program. - the newcomer have a try? A. May B. Will C. Need D. Shall [答案]A . [题源探究] 考查情态动词在问句中表示请求或征求意见的用法. [广角思维] 在疑问句中.shall用于第一.三人称.表示说话人的征询对方意见或请求指示.如:Shall I open the door? Shall I fetch some chalk for you? [易误警示] 语境分析不到位.shall用法掌握欠佳是该题出错的主要原因. [悟彻高考] 情态动词在疑问句子中的用法也非常重要总结如下.注意对比:1. can/could 用于第一人称的问句中表示征求对方许可. Can I use your dictionary?

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