This morning, a Virgin Atantin 747 Jumbo Jet became the first commercial airplane to fly on biofuel. The short flight from London to Amsterdam used a blend of 20% babassu(棕榈) oil mixed with 80% conventional jet fuel.
What was really exciting about the flight was the fact that the engine did not have to be altered in any way for the biofuel to work While this is a great initial step in trying to reduce CO₂(carbon-dioxide)emissions(排放)from airplanes. there are a lot of hurdles (障碍)that still need to be overcome.
First and foremost, unlike the normal fuel used to run airplanes (known as Jet A),biofuel freezes at high altitudes. Also, Jet‘A’fuel burns consistently (at the same pace),which means it provides a safe and reliable fuel for long flights--engineers are not sure if biofuel will be able to do the same.
The biggest hurdle to a full biofuel switch is our ability to be able to grow enough crops that can be converted to biofuel. There are two concerns that scientists have in this matter – the first is that the land to grow the extra crops will come from clearing more of our forests and the second is that since it competes with what we eat, the price of food will go up.
However, Richard Branson of Virgin Airlines, envisions that if biofuel starts to replace oil on a greater basis, it will be manufactured from algae（藻类）produced in sewage treatment plants, not from food sources.
Birgin Airlines is not the only one trying to look for alternative fuel sources. Earlier this year, an Airbus A380 used another alternative fuel－a man-made mix of gas-to-liquid, in one of its four engines. The flight was tested by Rolls Royce (manufacturer of jet engines), in partnership with Shell (an oil company). Rolls Royce is also working with Air New Zealand on a similar project.
While a complete switch to alternative fuel may take years, it is very encouraging to see airlines, oil companies and airplane manufacturers all coming together to try to make it happen!
【小题1】．Why does Virgin Airlines try to replace normal fuel with biofuel?

This morning, a Virgin Atantin 747 Jumbo Jet became the first commercial airplane to fly on biofuel. The short flight from London to Amsterdam used a blend of 20% babassu(棕榈) oil mixed with 80% conventional jet fuel.

What was really exciting about the flight was the fact that the engine did not have to be altered in any way for the biofuel to work While this is a great initial step in trying to reduce CO₂(carbon-dioxide)emissions(排放)from airplanes. there are a lot of hurdles (障碍)that still need to be overcome.

First and foremost, unlike the normal fuel used to run airplanes (known as Jet A),biofuel freezes at high altitudes. Also, Jet‘A’fuel burns consistently (at the same pace),which means it provides a safe and reliable fuel for long flights--engineers are not sure if biofuel will be able to do the same.

The biggest hurdle to a full biofuel switch is our ability to be able to grow enough crops that can be converted to biofuel. There are two concerns that scientists have in this matter – the first is that the land to grow the extra crops will come from clearing more of our forests and the second is that since it competes with what we eat, the price of food will go up.

However, Richard Branson of Virgin Airlines, envisions that if biofuel starts to replace oil on a greater basis, it will be manufactured from algae（藻类）produced in sewage treatment plants, not from food sources.

Birgin Airlines is not the only one trying to look for alternative fuel sources. Earlier this year, an Airbus A380 used another alternative fuel－a man-made mix of gas-to-liquid, in one of its four engines. The flight was tested by Rolls Royce (manufacturer of jet engines), in partnership with Shell (an oil company). Rolls Royce is also working with Air New Zealand on a similar project.

While a complete switch to alternative fuel may take years, it is very encouraging to see airlines, oil companies and airplane manufacturers all coming together to try to make it happen!

1.．Why does Virgin Airlines try to replace normal fuel with biofuel?

2.．Which is NOT true for a full biofuel switch of airplanes?

A Biofuel cannot run for long flights.                  

B．Biofuel cannot work at high altitudes.

C．Man has not enough land to grow extra crops for biofuel. 

D．It’s not easy for sewage treatment plants to manufacture biofuel.

3.．One of the hurdles to be overcome for a full biofuel switch is to          .

4.．We can infer from the last paragraph that          .

5.．Which of the following can best serves as the title of this passage?

The first working airplane was invented and flown by the Wright brothers，Wilbur Wright（1867—1912）．And Orville Wright（1871—1948）Their “Wright Flyer” was a biplane with a wooden frame．The power was supplied by a 12-hoursepower engine．

Orville and Wilbur Wright were raised in Dayton，Ohio．Although they did not go to college，the brothers had great technical ability．Before building their airplane，they had built a printing press and lain a bicycle repair and sales shop．They made their own bicycles and the money earned from their bicycle business funded their airplane-building．

The brothers' first glider（滑翔机），tested in 1900，failed to fly．A second trial in 1901 was better，but they went on improving the design．Later that year，the brothers tested over 200 wing and airframe designs，which resulted in a successful glider model．They also designed a 12-horsepower engine to power the flight of a two-propeller（双螺旋桨）plane．The machinist Charles Taylor helped them build a new plane which would use this engine．

They began test flights in 1903．After days of trials，the plane finally flew into the air，staying up for 12 seconds，it flew 120 feet．That day，the brothers took turns flying the plane．On the last flight that day，Wilbur flew 852 feet in 59 seconds．

During the next few years，the brothers developed more planes．They later formed the Wright Company，which built and sold their airplanes．Wilbur Wright died in 1912；Orville died in 1948．The Wright brothers' famous airplane，the “Wright Flyer” is on show at the National Air and Space Museum in Washington，D．C．USA．

1．What is this passage mainly about?

A．When the Wright brothers flew their first plane．

B．How the first working airplane was invented．

C．The Wright brothers as great inventors．

D．A brief introduction to the life of the Wright brothers．

2．How did the Wright brothers get the money to build airplanes?

A．By selling printing machines．                  B．By repairing machines for others．

C．By making and selling bicycles．                  D．By collecting money from others．

3．According to the passage，all of the following statements are correct EXCEPT that ________．

A．both of the Wright brothers flew the “Wright Flyer”

B．the Wright brothers designed a 12-horsepower engine to power a two-propeller plane

C．the Wright brothers’ first flight lasted for nearly a minute

D．the Wright brothers had great technical ability

4．We can learn from the passage that ________．

A．the Wright brothers were well educated

B．Charles Taylor was also a great inventor

C．the “Wright Flyer” is on show around the world now

D．the Wright brothers’ flying trials didn't succeed at first

5．We can infer from the passage that ________．

A．the Wright brothers lived a very poor life when young

B．Wilbur Wright died in a plane accident

C．the Wright brothers had good business sense

D．the Wright brothers were the first people to dream of flying

This morning, a Virgin Atantin 747 Jumbo Jet became the first commercial airplane to fly on biofuel. The short flight from London to Amsterdam used a blend of 20% babassu(棕榈) oil mixed with 80% conventional jet fuel.
What was really exciting about the flight was the fact that the engine did not have to be altered in any way for the biofuel to work While this is a great initial step in trying to reduce CO₂(carbon-dioxide)emissions(排放)from airplanes. there are a lot of hurdles (障碍)that still need to be overcome.
First and foremost, unlike the normal fuel used to run airplanes (known as Jet A),biofuel freezes at high altitudes. Also, Jet‘A’fuel burns consistently (at the same pace),which means it provides a safe and reliable fuel for long flights--engineers are not sure if biofuel will be able to do the same.
The biggest hurdle to a full biofuel switch is our ability to be able to grow enough crops that can be converted to biofuel. There are two concerns that scientists have in this matter – the first is that the land to grow the extra crops will come from clearing more of our forests and the second is that since it competes with what we eat, the price of food will go up.
However, Richard Branson of Virgin Airlines, envisions that if biofuel starts to replace oil on a greater basis, it will be manufactured from algae（藻类）produced in sewage treatment plants, not from food sources.
Birgin Airlines is not the only one trying to look for alternative fuel sources. Earlier this year, an Airbus A380 used another alternative fuel-a man-made mix of gas-to-liquid, in one of its four engines. The flight was tested by Rolls Royce (manufacturer of jet engines), in partnership with Shell (an oil company). Rolls Royce is also working with Air New Zealand on a similar project.
While a complete switch to alternative fuel may take years, it is very encouraging to see airlines, oil companies and airplane manufacturers all coming together to try to make it happen!

1. 1.

   ．Why does Virgin Airlines try to replace normal fuel with biofuel?

   1. A.
      To cut down the flight cost of the company
   2. B.
      To remove some hurdles for the biofuel to work
   3. C.
      To reduce CO₂ emissions from airplanes
   4. D.
      To test plane engines on biofuel
2. 2.

   ．Which is NOT true for a full biofuel switch of airplanes?

   1. A.
      Biofuel cannot run for long flights
   2. B.
      ．Biofuel cannot work at high altitudes
   3. C.
      ．Man has not enough land to grow extra crops for biofuel
   4. D.
      ．It’s not easy for sewage treatment plants to manufacture biofuel
3. 3.

   ．One of the hurdles to be overcome for a full biofuel switch is to          

   1. A.
      alter the engine for airplanes
   2. B.
      make biofuel burn consistently
   3. C.
      open more land to grow more crops
   4. D.
      develop sewage treatment plants
4. 4.

   ．We can infer from the last paragraph that          

   1. A.
      there is a long way to go for a complete switch to alternative fuel
   2. B.
      it won’t be long before alternative fuel comes into use
   3. C.
      airlines, oil companies and airplane manufacturers are reliable
   4. D.
      alternative fuel has a bright future
5. 5.

   ．Which of the following can best serves as the title of this passage?

   1. A.
      Biofuel-Alternative Fuel Sources
   2. B.
      The First Commercial Flight Powered by Biofuel
   3. C.
      How to Reduce CO₂ Emissions from Airplanes
   4. D.
      Vigin Airlines Trying to Alter Fuel Sources

Recent studies show that only one out of three people have strong and healthy self-confidence. That  36 two out of every three people simply don’t know the 37 they already have to be successful when it’s  38 there in their hands!  39 if you want others to believe in you, you have to believe in yourself first. Remember: “No one can make you feel inferior (差的) unless you  40 them.” A successful businessman says, “You can’t push anyone up a ladder  41 he knows he can climb himself.”

Many of us have an image  42 , the image（形象）we have of ourselves.  43 one guy put it: “You can’t win a horse race if you think you look  44 on a horse.” To succeed, the first person you have to  45 is yourself! So stop believing your own lies about yourself. Just  46 your mind and you’ll change your life.

One of the most harmful weapons that can kill your success in life is the two little words:“47 ”. You know that people used to   48 that if human beings traveled faster than 30 miles an hour it would  49 our circulation（循环）of blood and kill us? Thank goodness a few people didn’t believe that  50 thinking, or we wouldn’t be riding in cars, buses, and flying in airplanes today. You’ll never know until you  51 .

Roger Bannister was the first human being to run a mile in less than 4 minutes. But  52 he did it, most people in the world didn’t think it was even   53 Yet only weeks after Bannister did it, suddenly  54 all over the world began running a mile in less than 4 minutes! If we believe something can be done, we’ll  55  do it.

1.                A．reflects         B．means          C．reads D．explains

2.                A．chance         B．strength        C．reason   D．ability

3.                A．immediately     B．properly        C．right D．accurately

4.                A．But            B．Because        C．What D．While

5.                A．challenge       B．let             C．admit D．help

6.                A．if             B．except         C．unless    D．until

7.                A．quiz           B．question        C．mystery  D．problem

8.                A．As             B．When          C．While    D．Since

9.                A．curious         B．good-looking     C．funny    D．serious

10.               A．knock          B．beat           C．strike D．defend

11.               A．settle          B．bend          C．fix   D．change

12.               A．I failed         B．Not me.        C．I can’t   D．Can I?

13.               A．think          B．imagine        C．expect    D．doubt

14.               A．start           B．help           C．close D．stop

15.               A．empty         B．silly            C．reasonable D．terrible

16.               A．realize         B．try            C．understand D．judge

17.               A．before         B．after           C．since D．because

18.               A．likely          B．unbelievable    C．impossible D．possible

19.               A．runners        B．workers        C．competitors    D．players

20.               A．simply         B．seldom         C．usually    D．never