18．A．people B．citizens C．students D．foreigners——青夏教育精英家教网—

Complete the following passage by using the words in the box．Each word can only be used once．Note that there is one word more than you need．

A．promote B．challenging C．generally D．rewarding E． politely

F． immigrants G． competitive H． traditional I． authority J． disagree

Most people agree that the direct, assertive（过分自信的）American personality is a virtue, but it sometimes surprises foreigners．In many cultures, respect for older people or those in positions of 1 keeps others from expressing their true feelings．But in the US, children often argue with their parents, students may 2 with their teachers, and citizens may express opposition to the actions of the government．If the meat is too tough to chew, the diner can complain to the waiter; if the boss makes a mistake, an employee will 3 point it out．

Some straight talk about the American character must include the admission that Americans have their faults．The extremely 4 nature of Americans is probably their worst fault．Of course, competition isn’t always bad．As a matter of fact, it can 5 excellence by encouraging individuals and businesses to try to do their best． But the desire to get ahead of others sometimes causes people to do things that are unkind and even dishonest．Also, Americans admire what is practical, fast, efficient, and fresh．Sometimes they fail to understand and appreciate practices that have greater respect for more 6 , leisurely ways of doing things．On the other hand, people from other cultures may dislike the practical, 7 American lifestyles．

Despite culture differences, most foreigners give Americans credit for their virtues．Americans are 8 viewed as friendly, adaptable, energetic, and kindhearted．Most newcomers to the US like Americans, and the feeling is usually mutual（共有的）．Perhaps the greatest American virtue is a deep interest in new ideas and new people． In a nation of 9 , the foreigner does not remain an outsider for long．

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阅读理解

　　Aimlessness has hardly been typical of the postwar Japan whose productivity and social harmony are the envy of the United States and Europe．But increasingly the Japanese are seeing a decline of the traditional work-moral values．Ten years ago young people were hardworking and saw their jobs as their primary reason for being, but now Japan has largely fulfilled its economic needs, and young people don't know where they should go next．

　　The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male-dominated job market have limited the opportunities of teenagers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Japans rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs．In a recent survey, it was found that only 24．5 percent of Japanese students were fully satisfied with school life, compared with 67．2 percent of students in the United States．In addition, far more Japanese workers expressed dissatisfaction with their jobs than their counterparts did in the ten other countries surveyed．

　　While often praised by foreigners for its emphasis on the basics, Japanese education tends to stress test taking and mechanical learning over creativity and self-expression．" Those things that do not show up in the test scores, personality, ability, courage or humanity are completely ignored," says Toshiki Kaifu, chairman of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party's education committee．" Frustration against this kind of thing leads kids to drop out and run wild．" Last year Japan experienced 2,125 incidents of school violence, including 929 assaults on teachers．Amid the outcry, many conservative leaders are seeking a return to the prewar emphasis on moral education．Last year Mitsuo Setoyama, who was then education minister, raised eyebrows when he argued that liberal reforms introduced by the American occupation authorities after World WarⅡ had weakened the "Japanese morality of respect for parents．"

　　But that may have more to do with Japanese life-styles．" In Japan," says educator Yoko Muro, "it’s never a question of whether you enjoy your job and your life, but only how much you can endure．" With economic growth becoming centralization, fully 76 percent of Japans, 119 million citizens live in cities where community and the extended family have been abandoned in favor of isolated, two generation households．Urban Japanese have long endured lengthy commutes(travels to and from work)and crowded living conditions, but as the old group and family values weaken, the discomfort is beginning to tell．In the past decade, the Japanese divorce rate, while still well below that of the United States, has increased by more than 50 percent, and suicides have increased by nearly one-quarter．

(1)

In the Westerners eyes, the postwar Japan was ________．
[　　]
A．	under aimless development
B．	a positive example
C．	a rival to the West
D．	on the decline

(2)

According to the author, what may chiefly be responsible for the moral decline of Japanese society?
[　　]
A．	Women's participation in social activities is limited．
B．	More workers are dissatisfied with their jobs．
C．	Excessive emphasis has been placed on the basics．
D．	The life-style has been influenced by Western values．

(3)

Which of the following is true according to the author?
[　　]
A．	Japanese education is praised for helping the young climb the social ladder．
B．	Japanese education is characterized by mechanical learning as well as creativity．
C．	More stress should be placed on the cultivation of creativity．
D．	Dropping out leads to frustration against test taking．

(4)

The change in Japanese life-style is revealed in the fact that ________．
[　　]
A．	the young are less tolerant of discomforts
B．	the divorce rate in Japan exceeds that in the U．S．
C．	the Japanese endure more than ever before
D．	the Japanese appreciate their present life

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Beijingers are Eager to Learn Oral English

Yang Peng has been a taxi driver for years. He knows every corner of the city. His hospitable (好客的) manner usually earns him thanks — except when he meets foreigners. For Yang does not know any English.

“Now I study English in my spare time.” said Yang, in his 40s’. He pulls an English textbook from the toolbox. “I study English to help with Beijing’s Olympic bid,” he explained proudly. Yang is just one of ordinary people in Beijing who started to learn English when the capital announced its bid to host the 2008 Olympic Games.

Learning and speaking English is “hot” among residents of this 3,000-year-old city. From school to factories, men and women, old and young, are studying their “ABC” with enthusiasm. Many English text books with the Olympic bid logo(标语) on the cover were published and sold in the city. Books teaching basic idioms and expressions for daily communication are the most popular. Employees in public service industries, such as taxi drivers, bus conductors and the police, were asked by their employers to learn basic English. Nearly 3,000 students from 50 universities in Beijing hit the streets last month as volunteers to teach the citizens English. The students teach common phrases, such as greetings and asking and answering simple questions.

A survey shows that some 15 percent of Beijingers speak English. The percentage is expected to increase to 20 or 30 percent during the campaign years. In addition, the government encourages the use of English in many areas. The city metros(地铁) broadcast information in both English and Chinese.

English is regarded as the most important working language other than Chinese for the Olympics. According to the Beijing 2008 Olympic Bid Committee (BOBICO), almost all committee staff members are fluent in English. Many are language experts. All the reports are being conducted in English during the International Olympic Committee Evaluation Panel’s visit, which began Wednesday.

1．Beijingers are eager to learn oral English because ________.

A．it is very popular among people in Beijing

B．the capital announced its bid to host the 2008 Olympic Games

C．Beijing has attracted more and more foreigners to go sight-seeing

D．they are hoping to do good to Beijing’s 2008 Olympic bid

2．Nearly 3,000 from 50 universities in Beijing hit the streets last month so as to ________.

A．practice their oral English

B．show their enthusiasm toward the 2008 Olympic bid

C．tell people how to learn English well in a short time

D．teach the citizens English, especially common phrases

3．The underlined word “other than” here probably refers to ________.

A．except B．besides C．not D．different from

4．The main idea of the text is ________.

A．English will become the leading language in Beijing

B．people in Beijing are eager to learn oral English

C．what causes so many people to learn oral English

D．the position of English is becoming more and more important

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Beijingers are Eager to Learn Oral English

Yang Peng has been a taxi driver for years. He knows every corner of the city. His hospitable (好客的) manner usually earns him thanks — except when he meets foreigners. For Yang does not know any English.

“Now I study English in my spare time.” said Yang, in his 40s’. He pulls an English textbook from the toolbox. “I study English to help with Beijing’s Olympic bid,” he explained proudly. Yang is just one of ordinary people in Beijing who started to learn English when the capital announced its bid to host the 2008 Olympic Games.

Learning and speaking English is “hot” among residents of this 3,000-year-old city. From school to factories, men and women, old and young, are studying their “ABC” with enthusiasm. Many English text books with the Olympic bid logo(标语) on the cover were published and sold in the city. Books teaching basic idioms and expressions for daily communication are the most popular. Employees in public service industries, such as taxi drivers, bus conductors and the police, were asked by their employers to learn basic English. Nearly 3,000 students from 50 universities in Beijing hit the streets last month as volunteers to teach the citizens English. The students teach common phrases, such as greetings and asking and answering simple questions.

A survey shows that some 15 percent of Beijingers speak English. The percentage is expected to increase to 20 or 30 percent during the campaign years. In addition, the government encourages the use of English in many areas. The city metros(地铁) broadcast information in both English and Chinese.

English is regarded as the most important working language other than Chinese for the Olympics. According to the Beijing 2008 Olympic Bid Committee (BOBICO), almost all committee staff members are fluent in English. Many are language experts. All the reports are being conducted in English during the International Olympic Committee Evaluation Panel’s visit, which began Wednesday.

1．Beijingers are eager to learn oral English because ________.

A．it is very popular among people in Beijing

B．the capital announced its bid to host the 2008 Olympic Games

C．Beijing has attracted more and more foreigners to go sight-seeing

D．they are hoping to do good to Beijing’s 2008 Olympic bid

2．Nearly 3,000 from 50 universities in Beijing hit the streets last month so as to ________.

A．practice their oral English

B．show their enthusiasm toward the 2008 Olympic bid

C．tell people how to learn English well in a short time

D．teach the citizens English, especially common phrases

3．The underlined word “other than” here probably refers to ________.

A．except B．besides C．not D．different from

4．The main idea of the text is ________.

A．English will become the leading language in Beijing

B．people in Beijing are eager to learn oral English

C．what causes so many people to learn oral English

D．the position of English is becoming more and more important

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Most people agree that the direct, assertive(过分自信的) American personality is a virtue, but it sometimes surprises foreigners．In many cultures, respect for older people or those in positions of authority keeps others from expressing their true feelings．But in the U．S, children often argue with their parents, students may disagree with their teachers, and citizens may express opposition to the actions of the government．If the soup has a fly in it or the meat is too tough to chew, the diner can complain to the waiter, if the boss makes a mistake, an employee will politely point it out．

Some straight talk about the American character must include the admission that Americans have their faults．The extremely competitive nature of Americans is probably their worst fault．Of course, competition isn’t always bad．As a matter of fact, it promotes excellence by encouraging individuals and businesses to try to do their best．But the desire to get ahead of others sometimes causes people to do things that are unkind and even dishonest．Also, Americans admire what is practical, fast, efficient, and fresh．Sometimes they fail to understand and appreciate practices that have greater respect for more traditional, leisurely ways of doing things．On the other hand, people from other cultures may dislike the practical, challenging American lifestyle．

Despite culture differences, most foreigners give Americans credit for their virtues．Americans are generally viewed as friendly, adaptable, energetic, and kindhearted．Most newcomers to the U．S．like Americans, and the feeling is usually mutual．Perhaps the greatest American virtue is a deep interest in new ideas and new people．In a nation of immigrants, the foreigner does not remain an outsider for long．

1In order to show the respect for older people, ．

A．people from some other cultures will always express their true feeling

B．people from some other cultures may sometimes hide their true feeling

C．Americans always show their true feelings

D．Americans usually argue with them

2Why is the extremely competitive nature considered as one of American faults?

A．Because people from other cultures fear competition．

B．Because only American people own it．

C．Because it will make people forget leisure．

D．Because it may sometimes urge people to do something bad．

3It can be inferred from the passage that ．．

A．American people are more critical of everything than people from other cultures

B．the author believes that American character has more faults than virtues

C．the author admires American virtues as they are viewed as competitive and anti

traditional

D．it is difficult for newcomers to get on with Americans

4The passage mainly talks about．．

A．American virtues B．American characters

C．American faults D．American lifestyles

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