D
It is hard to predict（预言）how science is going to turn out, and whether it is really good science, it is impossible to predict．If the things to be found are actually new, they must be unknown in advance．You cannot make choices on this matter．You either have science or you don’t and if you have it you have to accept the surprising and disturbing pieces of information, along with the neat and useful bits．
The only solid piece of scientific truth about which I feel totally confident is that we don’t know enough about nature．Indeed, I regard this as the major discovery of the past hundred years of biology．It is, in its way, a clear piece of news．It would have amazed the brightest minds of the 18th century to be told by any of us how little we know and how strange the way ahead seems．In earlier times, they either pretended to understand how things worked or simply made up stories to give answers．Now that we have begun exploring seriously, we are catching sight of how huge the questions are, and how far from being answered．Because of this, we are sorry．It is not so bad being ignorant（无知的）if you are totally ignorant; the hard thing is knowing in some details the reality of ignorance, the worst spots and here and there the not so bad spots, but no true light at the end of the tunnel nor even any tunnels that can yet be trusted．
But we are making a beginning, and there ought to be some satisfaction．There are probably no questions we can think up that can’t be answered, sooner or later．Within our limits, we should be able to work our way through to all our answers, if we keep at it long enough, and pay attention．
51．Acoording to the writer, really good science________．
A．would surprise the brightest minds of the 18th  century．
B．will help people to make the right choice in advance
C．will produce results which cannot be predicted
D．will bring about disturbing results
52．It can be inferred from the passage that scientists of the 18th century________．
A．thought that they knew a great deal and could deal with most problems of science．
B．knew that they were ignorant and wanted to know more about nature
C．were afraid of facing up to the realities of scientific research
D．did more harm than good in man’s understanding of nature
53．Which of the following is NOT mentioned about scientists in earlier times?
A．They falsely declared to know all about nature．
B．They did not believe in results from scientific observation．
C．They paid little attention to the problems they didn’t understand．
D．They invented false rules to explain things they didn’t understand．
54．What is the writer’s attitude towards science?
A．He is sorry because of the ignorance of scientists．
B．He is delighted because of the latest scientific findings．
C．He is doubtful because of the great difficulties in scientific research．
D．He is confident though he knows well the great difficulties in scientific research．
55．The writer believes that sooner or later________．
A．man can’t deal with all the problems he can find because of the limits of human knowledge．
B．man can find solutions to whatever questions concerning nature he can think up
C．questions concerning nature are outsiede the field of scientific research
D．man can think up all the questions and answer them all．

D

       It is hard to predict（预言）how science is going to turn out, and whether it is really good science, it is impossible to predict．If the things to be found are actually new, they must be unknown in advance．You cannot make choices on this matter．You either have science or you don’t and if you have it you have to accept the surprising and disturbing pieces of information, along with the neat and useful bits．

       The only solid piece of scientific truth about which I feel totally confident is that we don’t know enough about nature．Indeed, I regard this as the major discovery of the past hundred years of biology．It is, in its way, a clear piece of news．It would have amazed the brightest minds of the 18th century to be told by any of us how little we know and how strange the way ahead seems．In earlier times, they either pretended to understand how things worked or simply made up stories to give answers．Now that we have begun exploring seriously, we are catching sight of how huge the questions are, and how far from being answered．Because of this, we are sorry．It is not so bad being ignorant（无知的）if you are totally ignorant; the hard thing is knowing in some details the reality of ignorance, the worst spots and here and there the not so bad spots, but no true light at the end of the tunnel nor even any tunnels that can yet be trusted．

       But we are making a beginning, and there ought to be some satisfaction．There are probably no questions we can think up that can’t be answered, sooner or later．Within our limits, we should be able to work our way through to all our answers, if we keep at it long enough, and pay attention．

51．Acoording to the writer, really good science________．

       A．would surprise the brightest minds of the 18th  century．

       B．will help people to make the right choice in advance

       C．will produce results which cannot be predicted

       D．will bring about disturbing results

52．It can be inferred from the passage that scientists of the 18th century________．

       A．thought that they knew a great deal and could deal with most problems of science．

       B．knew that they were ignorant and wanted to know more about nature

       C．were afraid of facing up to the realities of scientific research

       D．did more harm than good in man’s understanding of nature

53．Which of the following is NOT mentioned about scientists in earlier times?

       A．They falsely declared to know all about nature．

       B．They did not believe in results from scientific observation．

       C．They paid little attention to the problems they didn’t understand．

       D．They invented false rules to explain things they didn’t understand．

54．What is the writer’s attitude towards science?

       A．He is sorry because of the ignorance of scientists．

       B．He is delighted because of the latest scientific findings．

       C．He is doubtful because of the great difficulties in scientific research．

       D．He is confident though he knows well the great difficulties in scientific research．

55．The writer believes that sooner or later________．

       A．man can’t deal with all the problems he can find because of the limits of human knowledge．

       B．man can find solutions to whatever questions concerning nature he can think up

       C．questions concerning nature are outsiede the field of scientific research

       D．man can think up all the questions and answer them all．

It is hard to predict how science is going to turn out , and if it is really good science, it is impossible to predict. If the things to be found are actually new, they must be unknown in advance You cannot make choices on this matter. You either have science or you don't and if you have it you have to accept the surprising and disturbing pieces of information, along with the neat and useful bits.

The only solid piece of scientific truth about which I feel totally confident is that we don’t know enough about nature. Indeed, I regard this as the major discovery of the past hundred years of biology. It is, in its way, a clear piece of news. It would have amazed the brightest minds of the 18th century to be told by any of us how little we know and how strange seems the way ahead . In earlier times, they either pretended to understand how things worked or simply made up stones to give answers. Now that we have begun exploring seriously, we are catching sight of how huge the questions are, and how far from being answered. Because of this, we are sorry. It is not so bad being ignorant     if you are totally ignorant; the hard thing is knowing in some detail the reality of ignorance, the worst spots and here and there the not-so-bad spots, but no true light at the end of the tunnel nor even any tunnels that can yet be trusted.

But we are making a beginning, and there ought to he some satisfaction. There are probably no questions we can think up that can’t he answered, sooner or later. Within our limits, we should be able to work our way through to all our answers, if we keep at it long enough, arid pay attention.

51. According to the writer, really good science_____________.

A. would surprise the brightest minds of the 18th  century.

B. will help people to make the right choice in advance.

C. will produced results which can be predicted

D. will bring about disturbing results

52. It can be inferred from the passage that scientists of the 18th century _________.

A. thought that they knew a great deal and could deal with most problems of science

B. knew that they were ignorant and wanted to know more about nature

C. were afraid of facing up to the realities of  scientific research.

D. did more harm than good in man’s understanding nature

53 .Which of he following is NOT mentioned about scientists in earlier times?

   A. They falsely declared to know all about nature.

   B. They did not believe in results from scientific observation.

   C. They paid little attention to the problems they didn’t understand.

   D. They invented false rules to explain things they didn’t understand.

54.What is the writer’s attitude towards science?

A. He is sorry because of the ignorance of scientists

B. He is delighted because of the latest scientific findings

C. He is doubtful because of the great difficulties in scientific research.

D. He is confident though he knows well the great difficulties in scientific research.

55. The writer believes that sooner or later__________.

A. man can’t deal with all the problems he can find because of the limits of human knowledge

B. man can find solutions to whatever questions concerning nature he can think up.

C. questions concerning nature are outside the field of scientific research

D. man can think up all the questions and answer them all

Long ago, little attention was paid to a person’s birthday. Even though everyone knew that people grew older, they had no way of correctly marking time. It wasn’t until the early people learned more about how time passed that they made a note of time changes. Then they developed a calendar and began to celebrate special events such as birthdays. When birthdays first started to be celebrated during the early days, common people, especially children, hardly celebrated their birthdays.

　 Today, birthdays are celebrated by the young and the old alike all around the world. Many countries have different customs from ours of celebrating birthdays. At the same time there are a lot of people that celebrate birthdays in quite similar ways as we do. Some of the countries are very similar to the United States, such as Austria, Denmark, Ireland, Sweden and Switzerland.

　 Customs within countries can be affected by things like language, religion, geographic location, and economic conditions. No matter what the customs are, however, they are always followed by the majority of the people in each country. For example, not all children in the US have birthday parties, candles or birthday cakes, but most of them do.

However, the reasons why we celebrate birthdays and use different symbols are very much the same to everyone. The reason why we have birthday parties goes back to long time ago. At that time people believed that good and bad spirits appeared when a child was born and influenced that child through his / her life. The belief brought about the custom of having birthday parties. They believed that surrounding the birthday person with friends, family and good wishes would frighten the bad spirits away.

72. According to the passage, when did people begin to celebrate birthdays?

A. When they learned that no one could stop time. 　　　　　 B. Before they invented a calendar.

C. Before they learned how time went by. 　　　　　　　　　　　 D. After they had a right way of marking time.

73. We can guess that in the early times, 　　　　　.

A. only grown-up people celebrated their birthdays　　　　　 B. only old people celebrated their birthdays

C. only people in the upper class celebrated their birthdays D. people only celebrated birthdays for children

74. Which of the following will NOT affect birthday customs according to the passage?

A. Religion. 　 　　　　　　 B. Education. 　　　　　　　　　　 C. Economic conditions. 　　　　　 D. Language.

75. At first, people had birthday parties to 　　　　　.

A. get rid of bad luck B. bring good luck 　　　

C. honor the important day 　　　 D. express their wishes