摘要:B The railroads played a key role in the settlement of the West. They provided relatively easy entry to the region for the first time, and they also actively received farmers to settle there (the Santa Fe Railroad, for example, brought 10,000 German Mennonites to Kansas). The railroads are criticized for their part in settling the West too rapidly, resulting in economic disorder. (After the Civil War vast Great Plains area was settled all at once.) Of course, there were rude words connected with building and operating the railroads, but it must be pointed out that they performed a useful service in spreading the frontier and helping to achieve national unity. The real tragedy of the rapid settlement of the Great Plains was the shameful way in which the American Indians were treated. Threatened with the destruction of their entire way of life, the Indians fought back bravely against the white’s final attack. Justice was almost entirely on the Indians’ side. The land was clearly theirs; frequently their title was lawfully proved by an agreement made with the federal government. The Indians, however, lacked the armed force and political power to protect this right. Not only did the whites take the Indians’ hunting grounds, but they rapidly destroyed the Indians’ principal means of existence---the buffalo. It has been considered that some 15 million buffalo wandered around the plains in the 1860s. By 1869 the railroads had cut the herd in half, and by 1875 the southern herd was all but got rid of. By the middle of the 1880s the northern herd was also a thing of the past. Particular anger to the Indians was the fact that the whites frequently killed the buffalo simply for sport, leaving the valuable animal to rot in the sun. The plains Indians were considered different from the Indians met by the English colonists on the Atlantic coast. Riding on the horses from those brought by the Spanish to Mexico many years before, typical plains Indians were fierce fighters who could shoot arrows with surprising exactness while rushing at top speed. Although they quickly suited themselves to the use of the gun, the Indians were not equal to the firepower of the United States army and thus were certainly defeated. 39. The author’s attitude towards the treatment of American Indians by the whites is one of . A. regret B. anger C. dissatisfaction D. coldness 40. Which of the following does the author imply about the forces at work during the settlement of the Great Plains? A. The federal government. B. Military firepower. C. Indians’ attempts at kindness. D. Their common interest in hunting buffalo. 41. What is the point of comparison between plains Indians and the Indians met on the Atlantic coast? A. The Atlantic coast Indians were not as dishonored by white settlers. B. Because they were considerably better fighters than the Atlantic coast Indians, the plains Indians were a match for the United States army. C. The plains Indians put violent threat to the whites although they were defeated in the end. D. The Atlantic coast Indians were unfamiliar with horses. 42. Which of the following suggests that the ill treatment of the Indians is a more important topic than the key role of the railroads? A. The statement that the railroads are criticized for their part in settling the West too rapidly. B. The amount of discussion devoted to the ill treatment of the Indians. C. The figures in both the first and second paragraphs. D. The very brief mention of the move of German Mennonites.

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Life is difficult.

 It is a great truth because once we truly understand and accept it, then life is no longer difficult.

Most do not fully see this truth. Instead they complain about their problems and difficulties as if life should be easy. It seems to them that difficulties represent(代表) a special kind of suffering especially forced upon them or else upon their families, their class, or even their nation.

What makes life difficult is that the process of facing and solving problems is a painful one. Problems, depending on their nature, cause in us sadness or loneliness or regret or anger or fear. These are uncomfortable feelings, often as painful as any kind of physical pain. And since life causes an endless series of problems, life is always difficult and is full of pain as well as joy.

Yet, it is in this whole process of solving problems that life has its meaning.

Problems are the serious test that tells us success from failure. When we desire to encourage the growth of the human spirit, we encourage the human ability(能力) to solve problems, just as in school we set problems for our children to solve. It is through the pain of meeting and working out problems that we learn. As Benjamin Franklin said, “Those things that hurt, instruct.” It is for this reason that wise people learn not to fear but to welcome the pain of problems.

From the passage, it can be inferred that ______.

A. everybody has problems          

B. we become stronger by facing and solving the problems of life

C. life is difficult because our problems bring us pain

D. people like to complain about their problems

The writer probably used just one short sentence in the first paragraph to ______.

A. save space                B. persuade readers 

C. make readers laugh         D. get reader's attention

The main idea of paragraph 3 is that ______.

A. most people feel life is easy     

B. the writer feels life is easy

C. the writer likes to complain about his problems

D. most people complain about how hard their lives are

According to the passage, we give school children difficult problems to solve in order to ______.

A. encourage them to learn  

B. teach them to fear the pain of solving problems

C. help them learn to deal with pain

D. teach them how to respect for problems

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Each year , millions of people go abroad to work ,study ,or travel .It’s a great way to find out what life is like in another part of the world !You’re probably hoping to make new friends and learn about the culture in your host country everything from attitudes and beliefs to social customs and popular foods. But constantly having to deal with new situations can be frustrating (挫折), even stressful.

Homesickness, stress, fear , and confusion are all symptoms of “culture shock”. At first ,you may feel like getting on the plane and heading home .It’s OK to have those feelings, but the following are some tips to help you handle the challenges that you will face .

Don’t expect to be perfect , You may feel frustrated that you have culture shock ,especially since you probably spent so much time preparing for your trip .No matter how much information you read ,or how well you speak the host language ,it is natural to feel overwhelmed sometimes. If you give yourself some time, things will gradually get easier.

Have an open mind .While it’s certainly OK to feel frustration or confusion in your new surroundings ,try not to form an opinion about the new culture too soon .Don’t think of the host as better or worse , just different –you’ll be more willing to try new things .

Participate .This is obvious ,but everybody needs to be reminded. Just watching life go on around you isn’t good enough .You really need to try things for yourself . Don’t worry about making a mistake; people in your host country will generally be very understanding and willing to help if you have question .Your study abroad experience is a unique and special time in your life, one that you’ll never forget. If you follow our suggestions ,you’ll be able to handle it well ,and have a wonderful time. Good luck!

What is culture shock ?

A. Something you feel surprised at .

B. The problems you have when you go to another country

C. The frightening feelings you have

D. Something different from your own culture

What should you do when you feel depressed ?

A. Go back to your own homeland

B. Talk to someone about your problem

C. Give yourself some time to get used to it

D. Stop thinking of it

Which of the following statements is WRONG ?

A. It is natural to feel overwhelmed sometimes

B. Not everything is perfect

C. Try to form the opinion about the new culture as soon as possible

D. Tell others about your problems

What is the main idea of this article ?

     A. How to overcome culture shock     B. Why do people have culture shock

     C. Who might have culture shock      D. When will you have culture shock

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Ellis Island is located in New York Harbor. Ellis Island is open daily year-round from 9:30am to 5:00pm, with extended hours during summer. It is closed on December 25. There is no admission charge to Ellis Island; donations are gratefully accepted.

At Your Fingertips

   Park information       (212) 363- 7620

   Emergencies          (212 ) 363- 3260

   Ferryboat information   (212) 269- 5755

   Lost and found         (212) 344- 7620

   Dining, gifts, & audio tour  (212) 344- 0996

Transportation

Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island Ferry: Boats leave from Battery Park, Manhattan, and from Liberty State Park, New Jersey. They run about every 30 to 45 minutes beginning at 9: 15 am. (ferry schedule subject to change).

Hours: May vary; call the number below

Closed: December 25

Ferry fees (Includes Liberty and Ellis Islands): adults, $ 7; senior citizens, $6; children (age 3 to 17), $ 3. (lower group rates are available for 25 or more adults)

Ticket & schedule information: (212) 269- 5755

In summer, visitors will have ___________ to visit Ellis Island.

   A. no enough money   B. a longer time   C. a shorter time     D. a wonderful time

Which number would you call if your friends were suddenly ill?

   A. (212) 344- 0996    B. (212) 363- 7620   C. (212 ) 363- 3260   D. (212) 269- 5755

Which of the following is NOT true?

A. People can visit Ellis Island free of charge.

B. The boats departure time from Battery Park is at 9:15 a.m. all the year round.

C. Ferry fees for children are cheaper than for adults.

D. Ferry fees for group visitors can be reduced.

We may infer from the passage that _____________.

visitors prefer to go to Ellis Island by boat  B. there are more visitors in winter

C.  Ellis Island is open every day   D. Boat is the only transportation to Ellis Island[

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The Great Wall of China, one of the greatest wonders of the world, was enlisted in the World Heritage by the UNESCO in 1987. Just like a gigantic dragon, the Great Wall winds up and down across deserts, grasslands and mountains, stretching about 6,700 kilometers from east to west of China. With a history of more than 2,000 years, some parts of the Great Wall are now in ruins or even entirely disappeared. However, it is still one of the most appealing attractions around the world.

No one can tell for sure when the building of the Great Wall was started, but it is popularly believed that it originated as a military fortification(要塞) against intrusion by tribes on the borders during the earlier Zhou Dynasty. Late in the Spring and Autumn Period, some states extended the defence work to prevent the attacks from other states.

It was not until the Qin Dynasty that the separate walls were connected to form a defensive system by Emperor Qin Shi Huang. After the emperor unified the country in 214 BC, he ordered the construction of the wall. It took about ten years to finish and the wall stretched from Gansu Province to Jilin Province. The wall not only served as a defence in the north but also symbolized the power of the emperor.

Further construction also experienced several dynasties. The present Great Wall in Beijing is mainly remains from the Ming Dynasty. Today, the Great Wall has become a must-see for every visitor to China. Few can help saying “Wow” when they stand on top of a beacon tower and look at this giant dragon. It has become a national pride of Chinese people.

The underlined word “appealing” probably means “______”.

A. huge   B. attractive   C. ordinary    D. moving

In the Qin Dynasty, ______.

A. the construction of the Great Wall was finished in 204 BC

B. the emperor wanted to invade other minor states

C. the defensive system of the Great Wall was separated

D. the Great Wall began its way from Jilin Province

According to the passage, the Great Wall _______.

A. is from the west to the east

B. is as long as 6,700 miles

C. was built in several dynasties

D. was begun in the Qin Dynasties

The best title for the passage probably is _______.

A. History of the Great Wall

B. Culture of the Great Wall

C. Construction of the Great Wall

D. Projection of the Great Wall

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根据短文内容,从下框的A – F选项中选出能概括每一段主题的最佳选项。选项中有一项为多余项。

A.     The spreading tea

B.      The history of tea growing

C.      Changes of tastes for drinks

D.     Reducing cancer risks

E.      The plant Camellia sinensis

F.      A woman’s opinion of tea

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