定语从句及其关系代词与副词

. Jane came to settle down in New York in , ________, some time later, she became a middle school teacher.

A) where           B) when             C) at which           D) that

There are many thoughts on the origins of civilization. One of the major factors involved was the increase in population. The development of techniques, primarily irrigation and flood control, which permitted agriculture in special areas such as the flood plain of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, made possible the support of large population. Once populations reach a certain number, the older pattern of social organization breaks down and new ones develop. Specifically the older system, whereby each individual participated in food production and maintained a similar standard of living and whereby kinship(家属关系) served as the basic method of social organization, was replaced by the occupational division of labor, political and religious hierarchies(等级制度), public works such as road and public building construction, class systems, codes of law, markets, new forms of warfare, and urban centres. Allied with these important sociological traits are material traits, such as monumental architecture and the development of science and, in many cases, metallurgy(冶金学) and writing systems.
The earliest civilization, Sumer, developed in the Middle East. This was the Bronze Age of the Old World, during which people first developed the art of metallurgy, civilization also arose in other parts of the Old World, first in Egypt, China, and India, and later in Europe and Africa. At this time, civilization also developed independently in the New World, in the Mexican area and in Peru and its adjacent(邻近的) areas.
In the Old World the Bronze Age was followed by the Iron Age, which saw the rise and fall of great empires and the shift of power from the Middle East to Greece and Rome and then to Western Europe. In the 1700s the Industrial Age began, leading directly to the modern civilization of today.
46. The author of this passage __________________________________.
A. gives a comparison between ancient civilization and modern civilization
B. suggests that population increase is most important in the development of civilization
C. tries to explain how civilization developed in human history
D. explore the relation between agriculture and industry
47. According to the first paragraph, the increase in population __________________.
A. resulted in the development of agricultural technology
B. resulted from the breakdown of old social organization
C. caused the occupational division of labor
D. was impossible without the development of agriculture
48. The word “traits” in Paragraph One most likely means ____________________.
A. main appearances                        B. great achievements
C. distinguishing features                      D. outstanding successes
49. Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. The Bronze Age is one of the earliest civilizations.
B. The Industrial Age started in the Middle East.
C. The Bronze Age developed into the Iron Age.
D. The use of metal instruments started from the Bronze Age.
50. Which of the following is NOT included in the expression “the Old World” used in the passage?
A. American continent.                         B. Both Western and Eastern Europe.
C. African continent.                                   D. Asian countries.

 (辽宁省沈阳二中2008届第四次模拟考试D篇)

Making friends in the first few weeks of school is easy. Many students can find a friend in little time. They can be amazed at how close they can get to someone whose interests are completely different, and how comfortable they feel about expressing their mutual（相互的）fondness.

Unusual bonds（关系） are one of the great pleasures of school life, and can lead to enriching relationships based on mutual respect. Mostly, though, by a couple of weeks into term, they are really embarrassing. And shaking off friends can be a lot harder than making them. School is all about being busy and trying new things, so you needn’t feel too bad about ditching( 与……断绝关系) old friends in favor of new people and experiences. So long as you do it kindly.

The pace of school life can be a great excuse for turning down another invitation for a party. You can even claim to be studying---you’re at school, and you’re supposed to work hard. Another kind way of getting rid of an unwanted friend is to go on inviting them out, but to events where lots of other people will demand your time. Or you could suggest activities that you think they’d enjoy, but which you won’t actually be able to make yourself. Then you could say “I’m really  busy at the moment. I’ll give you a call when I’ve finished this assignment”.

But wait. Hasn’t someone just said that to you? How do you manage to stay such company that you’re not the one being ditched?

For a start, concentrate on how interesting the other person is. Remember the things going on in their lives and text or ring to check how they got on with those things. Do sympathize（同情） if things have gone badly, and congratulate them if things have gone well. Have a weekly time and place where you meet friends, so that you can invite new friends to drop in. There, the more cheerful you appear, the more popular you are likely to be.

 68.We can base an unusual friendship on ______.

A. common interests         B. long-term contact

C. mutual respect            D. a great pleasure

69. Which of the following can be a good way to refuse unwanted friends?

   A. Telling them that you’ve received an invitation to another party.

   B. Telling them that you are busy at school and have to study.

   C. Inviting them to play outside school where they’re strangers.

   D. Suggesting activities that they don’t enjoy.

70. What does the last paragraph tell us to do?

   A. To make new friends.

   B. To keep in touch with old friends.

   C. To avoid being shaken off.

   D. To avoid hurting unusual friends.

71. What is the main idea of the passage?

   A. It mainly tells us how to treat friends

   B. It mainly introduces the importance of friends

   C. It mainly explains the lesson for shaking off friends

   D. It mainly gives advice on how to make new friends