阅读理解，阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C、D)中，选出最佳答案。

　　Television is a central part of many people's lives．There are very few places in the world where one cannot find a television set．Some sporting events, such as the Olympic Games or the football World Cup, can attract audiences of many millions．But is television a good or bad influence on young people in the modern world?

　　Thomas Murray, president of the British Parents Against Television Society, believes that it has not improved young people's lives．“Television damages family life, ” he argues．“At mealtime, families no longer talk to each other．In the evenings, youngsters do not spend good quality time with family members．Instead, they watch television．” Murray says that this lack of communication leads to social problems．

　　Murray also believes that the content of television programmes provides young people with poor role models．“There is so much violence(暴力)on TV－guns, kung fu fighting, and so on．Young people think that all problems should be solved by aggression．”

　　It is not just young people's mental health that worries Murray．“Teenagers don't get enough exercise because they spend so many hours watching television．They also develop back problems from sitting down for so long, and eye ________ strain from the effort of watching．”

　　Murray would like to see changes to television habits．“Programmes should be educational．Their contents should be nonviolent and healthy．There should be no programmes after ten o’clock in the evening．Parents should teach their children to enjoy their spare time by playing sports or games．And certainly, the television should be switched off during mealtime．

　　Susan Taylor is a television producer．She believes that television is a good influence on young people．“Television brings the outside world to youngsters．It even brought us pictures from the moon! And look what happens after the Olympic Games or the World Cup matches have been shown on TV．People start to take more exercise．Also, there are a lot of programmes about healthy eating and keeping fit．”

　　However, Taylor agrees with Murray's point of view concerning parents．“Of course parents have a role to play in educating their kids．They should turn the TV off during mealtime and they should talk with their children as often as possible．”

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阅读理解(Reading Comprehension)

　　A language never stands still．It is always changing and developing．These changes are rapid in primitive societies, but slow in advanced ones, because the invention of printing and the spread of education have fixed a traditional usage．The only important change that English has undergone since the first of the 16th century is a large increase in its vocabulary．It is interesting to trace the different way in which new words are invented．Let us take just two English words and see how they were made：sandwich and television．

　　Sandwich, which is now no longer an entirely English word, but also international, comes from the Earl of Sandwich(died in 1792)．who invented the particular form of quick meal so that he could go on gambling all through the night without stopping for dinner．Many names of things are in fact taken from the name of the first inventors, for example, the electrical terms Watt and Volt．

　　Television is one of many new scientific words which are invented from old Greek and Latin words．“Tele”is Greek, meaning“far”, while“vision”comes from the Latin verb, meaning“to see”．

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　　Some people think that as more and more people have televisions in their homes, fewer and fewer people will buy books and newspapers．Why read an article in the newspaper, when the TV news can bring you the information in a few minutes and with pictures?Why read the life story of a famous man, when a short television program can tell you all that you want to know?

　　Television has not killed reading, however．Today, newspapers sell in very large numbers．And books of every kind are sold more than ever before．Books are still a cheap way to get information and enjoyment．Although some books with hard covers are expensive, many books are printed today as paperbooks(平装本)，which are quite cheap．A paperback collection of short stories, for example, is always cheaper than an evening at the cinema or the theater, and you can keep a book for ever and read it many times．

　　Books are a wonderful provider of knowledge and pleasure and some types of books should be in every home．Every home should have a good dictionary．A good encyclopedia(百科全书)，though expensive, is useful, too, because you can find information on any subject．Besides, you can have such books as history books, science textbook, cookbooks, and collections of stories and poems．Then from time to time you can take a book of poems off your shelves and read the thoughts and feelings of your favorite poets．

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