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Foreign visitors are often puzzled in Japan because most streets there don't have name.In Japan,people use landmarks in their directions instead of street names.For example,the Japanese will say to travelers, “Go straight down to the corner. Tun left at the big hotel and go pass a fruit market. The post office is across from the bus stop.”
In the countryside of the American Midwest,usually there are not many landmarks. There are no mountains, so the land is very flat(平坦的). In many places there are no towns or buildings with tell you directions and distance. In Kansas or Iowa, for example, people will say, “Go north two miles. Turn east,and then go another mile.”
People in Los Angeles, California, have no idea of distance on the map: They measure distance by means of time, not miles. “How far away is the post office?” you ask. “Oh,” they answer, “It's about five minutes from here.”you say, “It's about five minutes from here.” You say, “Yes, but how many miles away is it?” They don't know.
Peop;e in Greece sometimes do not even try to give directions because visitors seldom understand thi Greek language. Instead of giving you the direction, a Greek will often say, “Follow me.” Then he'll lead you through the streets of the city to the post office.
Sometimes a person doesn't know the answer to your question, What happens in this situation? A New Yorker might say, “Sorry, I have no idea.” But in Yucatan, Mexico, no one answers, “I don't know.” People in Yucatan think that “I don't know” is impolite. They usually give an answer, often a wrong one.A visitor can get very, very lost in Yucatan!
One thing will help you everywhere-in Japan, in the United States in Greece, in Mexico, or in any other place. You might not understand a person's words, but maybe you can understand his body language. He or she will usually turn and then point in the correct direction. Go iin that direction, and you may find the post office!
1.The passage mainly tells us that_______.
A.never carry a map for travel
B.there are not many landmarks in the American Midwest
C.there are different ways to give directions in different parts of the world
D.New Yorkers often say, “I have no idea,” but people in Yucatan, Mexico, never say this
2.In which place do people tell distance by means of time?
A.Japan.
B.American Midwest.
C.Los Angeles,California.
D.Greece
3.In the passage,_______countries are mentioned by the writer.
A.seven B.four C.eight D.five
4.Which of the following is wrong?
A.Travelers can learn about people's customs by asking questions about directions.
B.A person's body language can help you understand directions.
C.People in some places give directions in miles, but people in other places give directions by means of time.
D.People in different places always give directions in the same way: They usr street namees.
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第三部分：阅读理解（共20小题，每题2分，满分40分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
Upon reaching an appropriate age, usually between 18 and 21 years, children are encouraged, but not forced, to “leave the nest” and begin an independent life. After children leave home they often find social relationships and financial support outside the family. Parents do not arrange marriages for their children, nor do children usually ask permission of their parents to get married, Romantic love is most often the basis for marriage in the United States; young adults meet their future spousesthrough other friends, at jobs, and in organizations and religious institutions, Although children choose their own spouses, they still hope their parents will approve of their choices.
In many families, parents feel that children should make major life decisions by themselves. A parent may try to influence a child to follow a particular profession but the child is free to choose another career. Sometimes children do precisely the opposite of what their parents wish in order to assert their independence. A son may deliberately decide not to go into his father’s business because of a fear that he will lose his autonomy in his father’s workplace. This independence from parents is not an indication that parents and children do not love each other. Strong love between parents and children is universal and this is no exception in the American family Coexisting with such love in the American family are cultural values of self – reliance and independence.
1．The writer discusses the marriage of young adults in order to show .
A．they choose their spouses according to their own wishes only
B．they want to win the permission of their parents
C．they have a strong desire to become independent
D．they want to challenge the authority of their parents
2．Most young adults in the U.S. get married for the sake of __ __.
A．love B．financial concern
C．their parents D．family background
3．Based on the passage, it can be assumed that ______.
A．American young adults are likely to follow the suit of their parents
B．most American people never make major decisions for their children
C．American young adults posses cultural values of independence
D．once a young person steps into his twenties, he will leave his home permanently
4．A son is unwilling to work in his father’s business mainly because .
A．he wishes to make full use of what he has learnt in school
B．he wants to prove his independence
C．he wishes to do the opposite of what his parents approve of
D．he wants to show his love for his parents
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Every time Lionel Messi breaks a record, it seems appropriate to compare him to the legends that came before him.
In 2012, he rewrote soccer history on multiple occasions, and his latest record came when he scored his 86th goal of the calendar year, breaking Gerd Muller’s previous mark, before wrapping up the year with 91 goals.
All statistics indicate that Messi is currently the best player in the world, and that he will go down in history as the top footballer of his generation. But when he is judged against all-time greats like Pele and Diego Maradona, he still has work to do.
We don’t know whether the Barcelona striker will have another year in which he records more than 90 goals, but he must still sustain(维持)a similar level of production for the next several seasons.
Messi has already taken part in three of Barcelona’s victorious Champions League(冠军联赛)campaigns, and he played an important role in two of them. In order to firmly establish himself as the greatest club football player in history, he must win the tournament a few more times.
Most importantly, the Argentine(阿根廷人)needs to win on the international stage. Regardless of what Messi does for Barcelona, his legacy will be incomplete if he cannot win the World Cup with Argentina.
Both Pele and Maradona led their countries to the top of international soccer during their careers, and Messi’s performances for his country have been severely disappointing.
While he was still a teenager in 2006 —and his lackluster(平淡的)showing is excusable due to his youth—he cannot brush off the disappointment that characterized Argentina’s performance in 2010.
But the 4-0 loss to Germany in the 2010 World Cup Quarter Final seems to have sparked Messi. He scored 12 times for Argentina last year, and the next World Cup could finally be Messi’s breakout performance in blue and white stripes.
Due to all of his accomplishments, it is easy to forget that the extraordinary footballer is just 25 years old. If he can avoid injury or lengthy slumps(低潮状态)until his speed and skills start to decline due to age, he may continue to break records and win trophies.
56. What will Messi have to do in order to be complete in his soccer career?
A. He must win the World Cup with Argentina.
B. He must win the tournament a few more times.
C. He must defeat Pele and Maradona.
D. He must avoid injury or lengthy slumps.
57. How was Messi’s performance in 2010 World cup?
A. Excellent B. Inspiring C. Disappointing D. Normal.
58. What can we infer from the passage?
A. Messi has firmly established himself as the greatest club soccer player in history.
B. Messi will try his best to win the next World Cup with Argentina.
C. Messi can avoid injury and lengthy slumps to break records and win trophies.
D. Pele and Maradona led their countries to the top of international soccer during their careers.
59. What is the best title of the passage?
A. Lionel Messi, the Best Soccer Player of All Time ?
B. Lionel Messi, the Greatest Soccer Player in History.
C. Barcelona and Lionel Messi.
D. World Cup and Lionel Messi.
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阅读下面的短文，请根据短文后的要求答题（请注意问题后的词数要求）。
[1]Global difference in intelligence is a sensitive topic, long filled with a large number of different opinions. But recent data has indeed shown cognitive (认知的) ability to be higher in some countries than in others. What's more, IQ scores have risen as nations develop—a phenomenon known as the "Flynn effect". Many causes have been put forward for both the intelligence difference and the Flynn effect, including education, income, and even non-agricultural labor. Now, a new study from researchers at the University of New Mexico offers another interesting theory: intelligence may be linked to infectious-disease rates.
[2]The brain, say author Christopher Eppig and his colleagues, is the "most costly organ in the human body". Brainpower consumes almost up to 90 percent of a newborn's energy. It's clear that if something affects energy intake while the brain is growing, the impact could be long and serious. And for vast parts of the globe, the biggest threat to a child's body—and therefore brain—is parasitic (由寄生虫引起的) infection. These illnesses threaten brain development________________. They can directly attack live tissue, which the body must then try every means to replace. They can invade the digestive pipe and block nutritional intake. They can rob the body's cells for their own reproduction. And then there's the energy channeled (输送) to the immune system to fight the infection.
[3]Using data on national "disease burdens" (life years lost due to infectious diseases) and average intelligence scores, the authors found they are closely associated. The countries with the lowest average IQ scores have the highest disease burdens without exception. On the contrary, nations with low disease burdens top the IQ list.
[4]If the study holds water, it could be revolutionary for our understanding of the still-confusing variation in national intelligence scores.
【小题1】What is the main idea of the text？(no more than 10 words)
________________________________________________________________________
【小题2】Complete the following statement with proper words.(no more than 4 words)
Those countries that have the ________________ are always at the bottom of the IQ list.
【小题3】Fill in the blank in Paragraph 2 with proper words.(no more than 5 words)
___________
【小题4】What can cause intelligence difference？(no more than 8 words)
______________________________________________________________________
【小题5】What does the word “they” (Line2, paragraph3)probably refer to? (no more than 8 words)
______________________________________________________________________
Anne Whitney, a sophomore (大学二年级学生) at Colorado State University, first had a problem taking tests when she began college. "I was always well prepared for my tests. Sometimes I studied for weeks before a test. Yet I would go in to take the test, only to find I could not answer the questions correctly. I would blank out because of nervousness and fear. I couldn't think of the answer. My low grades on the tests did not show what I knew to the teacher. “Another student in biology had similar experiences. He said, "My first chemistry test was very difficult. Then, on the second test, I sat down to take it, and I was so nervous that I was shaking. My hands were moving up and down so quickly that it was hard to hold my pencil. I knew the material and I knew the answers. Yet I couldn't even write them down!"
These two young students were experiencing something called test anxiety. Because a student worries and is uneasy about a test, his or her mind does not work as well as it usually does. The student cannot write or think clearly because of the extreme tension and nervousness. Contrary to people’s common belief that poor grades are often a result of poor study habits, sometimes test anxiety plays a role in students’ achieving low grades. Recently, test anxiety has been recognized as a real problem, not just an excuse or a false explanation of lazy students.
Special university advising courses try to help students. In these courses, advisors try to help students by teaching them how to manage test anxiety. At some universities, students take tests to measure their anxiety. If the tests show their anxiety is high, the students can take short courses to help them deal with their tensions. These courses teach students how to relax their bodies. Students are trained to become calm in very tense situations. By controlling their nervousness, they can let their minds work at ease. Learned information then comes out without difficulty on a test.
An expert at the University of California explains, " With almost all students, relaxation and less stress are felt after taking our program. Most of them experience better control during their tests. Almost all have some improvement. With some, the improvement is very great. "
1.To "blank out" is probably______.
A．to be like a blanket B．to be sure of an answer
C．to be unable to think clearly D．to show knowledge to the teacher
2.Poor grades are usually believed to be the result of______.
A．poor sleeping habit B．laziness
C．test anxiety D．inability to form good study habits
3.Test anxiety has been recognized as______.
A．an excuse for laziness B．the result of poor study habits
C．a real problem D．something that cannot be changed
4.A University of California advisor said______.
A．all students could overcome the anxiety after taking a special test anxiety program
B．almost all students felt less stress after taking a University of California advising course
C．students found it difficult to improve even though they had taken a special test anxiety course
D．students found it easy to relax as soon as they entered a University of California advising course
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