摘要: --- Somebody wants you on the telephone? --- no one knows I’m here. A. For B. And C. But D. So

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Urbanization

(2013·高考北京卷)Until relatively recentlythe vast majority of human beings lived and died without ever seeing a city.The first city was probably founded no more than 5,500 years ago.__ 1.__In factnearly everyone lived on farms or in tiny rural (乡村的) villages.It was not until the 20th century that Great Britain became the first urban society in history—a society in which the majority of people live in cities and do not farm for a living.

Britain was only the beginning. 2.__The process of urbanization—the migration (迁徙) of people from the countryside to the city—was the result of modernizationwhich has rapidly transformed how people live and where they live.

In 1990fewer than 40% of Americans lived in urban areas.Todayover 82% of Americans live in cities.Only about 2% live on farms.__ 3.__

Large cities were impossible until agriculture became industrialized.Even in advanced agricultural societiesit took about ninety?five people on farms to feed five people in cities._ 4._Until modern timesthose living in cities were mainly the ruling elite(精英) and the servantslaborers and professionals who served them.Cities survived by taxing farmers and were limited in size by the amount of surplus food that the rural population produced and by the ability to move this surplus from farm to city.

Over the past two centuriesthe Industrial Revolution has broken this balance between the city and the country. 5._Todayinstead of needing ninety?five farmers to feed five city peopleone American farmer is able to feed more than a hundred non?farmers.

AThat kept cities very small.

BThe rest live in small towns.

CThe effects of urban living on people should be considered.

DSoon many other industrial nations became urban societies.

EBut even 200 years agoonly a few people could live in cities.

FModernization drew people to the cities and made farmers more productive.

GModern cities have destroyed social relations and the health of human beings.

 

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