You’re sitting on the train home and the person opposite you yawns(打哈欠). Suddenly, you’re yawning with him, though you’re not tired.

This phenomenon confused scientists for years until a recent study found that people tend to sympathize with fellow humans. Supporting this claim was the discovery that those children who were unable to form normal emotional ties with others did not experience contagious(有感染力的) yawning, which showed that humans communicate regularly with out words.

Hugo Critchley, a neuroscientist, has conducted an experiment recently, which will prove that happiness and sadness can spread like the common cold. According to Critechley, our mind and body are in constant exchange about how we’re feeling. “Emotions are closely linked with states of internal(内部的) responses,” he explained. “ There are also more visible changes in our gestures and facial expression. When we’re in a group, these signals can spread to another person. For example, there’s the obvious tendency to smile when smiled at and there are less obvious changes that reflect emotions of surprise, anger or sadness such as a change in our heart rate and blood pressure.

Hugo Critchley further explained, “Our bodies synchronies and when we like the other person, we ever copy his behavior. Next time you chat with a friend, take note of how you’re sitting— it’s pretty likely that you will be the same. Scientists believe it’s our way of telling each other that we’re partners. Through body language, humans give each other very subtle(微妙的) but clear signals that show emotions.”

So, what lessons can we learn from this? “ Spend time with happy people— otherwise your health could suffer,” said Critchley.” When we’re sad, our body goes into fight or flight mode. But when we’re happy, our body works normally and we feel relaxed and positive. So we look bright, our skin glows, we feel healthy and it affects everyone around us.”

1. According to Hugo Critchley, ________.

2.The underlined word “synchronies” in Paragraph 4 means “_____”.

3.From the passage we can learn ________.

4.Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?

For the most part, you are probably only exposed to the music that is played on your favorite radio stations and TV shows, music Web sites, or the music that your friends and family members enjoy. While you probably know a lot about your favorite type of music, it can be a rewarding experience to enlarge your horizons（眼界）, discovering artists and types of music that you’re not familiar with. Who knows, you might discover you like certain types of music you never even considered.
Have you ever wondered about the history and influences of your favorite types of music ? For example, did you know that rock ‘n’ roll originated（起源）from the blues, and that the blues began as a form of musical expression for African Americans during slavery（奴隶制度）？Did you know that most hip-hop is heavily influenced by early rhythm blues and jazz ?
There are many fun ways to learn about different musical styles and their historical roots. For example, if you like hip-hop, listen to some of your favorite CDs and take note of the samples the performers used to create the songs. There is a possibility that the artist used parts of older songs to create the music. You can go to the library or online to learn more about the artists and listen to more of their music by checking out CDs from the library or downloading songs online for a small fee.
You can learn so much about culture and history just by paying attention to different types of music and what is being expressed in the songs. There are so many different styles of music to learn about, and you owe（欠）it to yourself to make an effort to listen to and learn about them.
【小题1】The main topic of this passage is _____.

Checks have largely taken the place of money as a means of    36   , for they are widely accepted everywhere.   37    this is very   38    for both buyer and seller, it should not be forgotten that checks are not real money: they are quite   39   in themselves. A shop-keeper runs a certain  40  when he accepts a check and he is quite   41   his rights if, on occasion, he   42   to do so. People do not always know this and are   43    if their good faith is called in question. A wealthy friend of mine told me he had an extremely   44   experience.

One day he decided to buy a particularly fine pearl necklace at a famous jewelry shop which keeps a large__45  of precious stones and asked if he could pay   46   check, the assistant said that this was quite  47  . But the moment my friend signed his name, he was invited into the manager’s office. The manager was very polite, but he explained that someone   48   exactly the same name had presented them with a worthless check not long ago. My friend got very angry at it and said he would buy a necklace   49  . When he got up to go, the manager told him that the police would arrive at any moment and he had better stay   50   he wanted to get into serious trouble. Sure enough the police arrived, __51 to my friend for the   52  ,  but explained that a person who had used the same name as his  53   for a number of recent robberies. Then the police asked my friend to    54    out a note which had been used by the thief in a number of shops. The note read, “I have a gun in my pocket, ask no questions and give all the money in the safe.” Fortunately, my friend’s handwriting was quite__55__ the thief’s. He was not only allowed to go without further delay, but to take the pearl necklace with him.

1.A. change              B. exchange                     C. trade                              D. business 

2.A. Because                      B. If                                    C. Though                    D. Since

3.A. favourite             B. popular                        C. profitable                        D. convenient

4.A. dangerous                  B. priceless                      C. unimportant                   D. valueless

5.A. chance                        B. risk                                C. opportunity       D. danger

6.A. within                            B. out of                    C. without              D. beyond

7.A. refuses                        B. agrees                          C. fails                                  D. hates

8.A. unhappy            B. ashamed                      C. shocked                      D. puzzled

9.A. uninteresting    B. unreasonable             C. unforgettable                 D. unpleasant

10.A. amount                     B. accident                       C. stock                                D. number

11.A. in                                B. by                                  C. with                             D. on

12.A. in need             B. in common                  C. in use                     D. in order

13.A. used                          B. with                              C. named                             D. by

14.A. anywhere                 B. somewhere                 C. somewhere else            D. everywhere

15.A. unless                        B. otherwise           C. if                              D. whether

16.A. coming              B. sticking                        C. apologizing            D. checking

17.A. manner             B. behavior                      C. inconvenience               D. treatment

18.A. responsible              B. answered                    C. charged                          D. blamed

19.A. copy                          B. read                              C. take                                  D. bring

20.A. unlike                        B. different                      C. dissimilar                         D. dislike

Pretending to be happy can actually make you more miserable — especially if you’re a woman, according to a new study.

         The research found that women suffered more than men when pretending to be happy. Psychologist Dr. Brent Scott, who led the study, said employers should take note because forcing workers to smile when dealing with the public can backfire. He said, “Smiling for the sake of smiling can lead to emotional exhaustion, and that’s bad for the organization.”

         Dr. Scott said the research showed customer-service workers who “fake smile” throughout the day worsen their mood and then withdraw from work, so their productivity drops. He added, “Bosses may think that getting their staff to smile is good for the organization, but that’s not necessarily the case.” Dr. Scott, assistant professor of management at Michigan State University, analyzed a group of bus drivers during a two- week period.

         The study is one of the first of its kind to examine emotional displays over a period of time and compare the different effect that has on men and women. His team examined the effects of surface acting — or fake smiling — compared to what was termed “deep acting”, or cultivating(培养) positive emotions by recalling pleasant memories.

         Dr. Scott said, “Women are harmed more by surface acting, meaning their mood worsens even more than the men and they withdraw more from work. However, they are helped more by deep acting, which means their mood improves more.”

         Although “deep acting” seems to improve mood in the short-term, Dr. Scott said it’s not a long-term solution to feeling unhappy.

         He said, “You’re trying to cultivate positive emotions, but at the end of the day you may not feel like yourself anymore.”

1.What does the underlined word “backfire” in Paragraph 2 probably mean?

A. Have the opposite effect.                                           B. Lead to conflict.

C. Drive people mad.                                                        D. Help a lot.    

2.What can we learn from the passage?

A. Surface acting is good for organizations.

B. Men benefit more from deep acting than women.

C. Fake smiling causes more harm to women than men.

D. Recalling good memories is a long-term solution to feeling down.

3.The findings of the research might serve as a warning to _______.

A. employees                      B. employers                       C. researchers                     D. customers.

4. What would be the best title for the passage?

A. Solution to feeling unhappy

B. How to cultivate positive emotions

C. How to improve workers’ productivity

D. Fake smiling makes you miserable

Guide to Stockholm University Library

Our library offers different types of studying places and provides a good studying environment.

Zones

The library is divided into different zones. The upper floor is a quiet zone with over a thousand places for silent reading, and places where you can sit and work with your own computer. The reading places consist mostly of tables and chairs. The ground floor is the zone where you can talk. Here you can find sofas and armchairs for group work.

Computers

You can use your own computer to connect to the Wi-Fi specially prepared for notebook computers, you can also use library computers, which contain the most commonly used applications, such as Microsoft Office. They are situated in the area known as the Experimental Field on the ground floor.

Group-study Places

If you want to discuss freely without disturbing others, you can book a study room or sit at a table on the ground floor. Some study rooms are for 2-3 people and others can hold up to 6-8 people. All rooms are marked on the library maps.

There are 40 group-study rooms that must be booked via the website. To book, you need an active University account and a valid University card. You can use a room three hours per day, nine hours at most per week.

Storage of Study Material

The library has lockers for students to store course literature, When you have gained at least 40 credits(学分), you may rent a locker and pay 400 SEK for a year’s rental period.

Rules to be Followed

Mobile phone conversations are not permitted anywhere in the library. Keep your phone on silent as if you were in a lecture and exit the library if you need to receive calls.

Please note that food and fruit are forbidden in the library, but you are allowed to have drinks and sweets with you.

1.The library’s upper floor is mainly for students to______.

A. have group discussions                B. read in a quiet place

C. take comfortable seats                D. get their computers fixed

2.Library computers on the ground floor_______.

A. contain software necessary for schoolwork

B. help students with their field experiments

C. are for those who want to access the Wi-Fi

D. are mostly used for filling out application forms

3.What condition should be met to book a group-study room?

A. A group must consist of 8 people

B. Three-hour use per day is the minimum

C.  Applicants must mark the room on the map

D. One should first register (注册) at the university

4.A student can rent a locker in the library if he______.

A. can afford the rental fee

B. attends certain courses

C. has nowhere to put his books

D. has earned the required credits

5.What should NOT be brought into the library?

A. Mobile phones         B. Orange juice            C. Sandwiches           D. Candy