In the past half-century, average incomes _______ quickly in developed countries, yet happiness levels have remained almost the same.

A. have risen      B. had risen        C. rose        D. rise

A businessman had two sons. While he gave the younger son a lot of love and gifts, he neglected (忽视) the elder son. It was completely puzzling (令人费解) and no one knew why.

When the boys grew up, they were asked to manage the father’s business. The elder son was absorbed in the business. From morning till late in the evening, he was busy working. Within a few years, he ran the business very well and even expanded (扩大) it.

What about the younger son? He didn't have much to do except have a good time. But the father believed that his favorite son would be a success. If the elder son could be a successful businessman, surely the younger one, with a higher education, would do much better.

A few years later, the results of his decision became clear. Uninterested in business, the younger son continued spending his time enjoying himself. And he went out of business. But the elder son’s far smaller share (份) of business had expanded and he had proved himself to be a good decision maker.

Ashamed at the turn of events, the father met the elder son and was angry with the younger one. The elder son, who was listening to all this quietly, suddenly said he wanted to set up an independent business and live on his own.

“Why?” asked the father.

“I blame (责备) one person for the way my brother has turned out, and it’s not him. You can’t blame children for the faults (过失) of their parents, can you?” asked the elder son.

1.. Before the younger son went into the father’s business, he______.

A. was interested in business          B. had achieved great success

C. often looked down upon his brother  D. was well-educated at school

2..Why did the father treat the two sons differently?

A. the elder son didn’t work hard       B. no one knew why he did it

C. the younger son was hardworking    D. he wanted to do an experiment

3.. Which is NOT the reason for the younger son’s going out of business?

A. he himself didn’t work hard

B. his father didn’t educate him properly

C. he was not interested in business at all

D. he was busy working every day

4... What does the text really want to teach us?

A. Parents are responsible for children’s development.

B. Once something is done, you should do it well.

C. Interest is the most important for success.

D. One has responsibility for what he himself has done.

B

Honesty may well be the policy, but it often deserts us when no one is watching, psychologists report today. Experiments with an honesty box to collect payments for hot drinks show that people are better at paying up when under the gaze(注视) of a pair of eyes. The surprise was that the eyes were not real, but photographed.

Researchers at Newcastle University set up the experiment in secret. They attached a poster to a cupboard of mugs above an-honesty box alongside a kettle, with tea, coffee and milk. Over 10 weeks, they alternated each week between images of eyes and pictures of flowers.

Dr. Bateson, a behavioral biologist and leader of the study, said that even though the eyes were not real they still seemed to make people behave more honestly. They effect may arise from behavioral characteristics that developed as early humans formed social groups that increased their chances of survival. Individuals had to co-operate for the good of the group, rather than act selfishly.

"If nobody is watching us it is in our interests to behave selfishly. But when we think we're being watched we should behave better, so people see us as co-operative and behave the same way towards us, "Dr. Bateson said.

"We thought we'd get a slight effect with eyes, but it was quite striking how much difference they made. Even at a subconscious(潜意识的) level, it seems people respond to eyes, and that might be because eyes send a strong biological signal we have evolved(进化) to respond to."

The finding, which researchers believe sheds light on our evolutionary past, could be turned to practical use. The psychologists say images of eyes could promote ticket sales on public transport and improve monitor systems to prevent antisocial behavior.

45. This passage is mainly about _______________.

A. the policy of honesty            B. an honesty box to collect money

C. evolution on honesty              D. an experiment on honesty

46. The reason for doing the experiment secretly is that the researchers _____________.

A. wanted to get a comparatively more exact result

B. had known they wanted to do something illegally

C. meant to get the co-operation of their colleagues

D. intended to sell the hot drinks at a higher price

47. People behave honestly under watchful gaze of eyes because _____________.

A. they want to leave a good impression   B. they fear to be laughed at by others

C. they've got the nature through evolution D. they take the photo for a real pair of eyes

48. Images of a pair of eyes can be applied to all except _____.

A. tickets sales on public transport        B. cold drink sales in public places

C. places with “No spitting!” signs         D. Christmas decorations in one’s home

The great   46   scientist, Charles Darwin, was born on February 12, 1809. His father was a well-known doctor, and   47   that his son also would become a doctor.

As a boy, Charles liked to go for walks in the fields and   48   ,   49   nature and comparing what he saw with everything he had read in natural science books. He was fond    50   collecting animal and plant specimens   51    insects, birds, flowers and leaves.

At sixteen, Charles   52    Edinburgh University   53  . But he was interested in 54     . Then he was sent to Cambridge University,    55    he graduated in1831.

56     he heard that the ship Beagle(贝格尔号) was   57   to South America and wanted a naturalist. His biology professor advised him to go. He said the journey would be just the thing for Charles. So the Beagle left England in December 1831, Charles Darwin was   58   .

The expedition   59   almost five years. The Beagle   60    the waters near the east and west   61    of South America, and many other places. He    62   all kinds of plants and animals, which he sent home from the    63    he visited.

After returning from the expedition, Darwin continued his studies of changes in nature. Darwin understood that plants and animals do not    64    the same, that they always change.

By 1859 Darwin had finished his famous book “The Origin of Species”. It made a great noise in the word of science. Darwin was attacked by the    65    and even by some scientists. But later, more and more scientists agreed with him.

Darwin tirelessly continued his scientific studies until he died on April 19,1882.

It was the first time in two years that I________ my youngest son face to face.

   A. have seen      B. had seen       C. saw           D. see