Did you know that about 300 words in the English language derive from the names of people?

A great many of these words are technical words since a new invention or discovery is often named after the scientist who made the discovery. In this way we have such words as watt, ohm, diesel, dahlia, macadam, ampere, mores.

A good many everyday words, however, have also found their way into the language from the names of people. The very popular word sandwich, for example, comes from the name of Lord Sandwich (1718 – 1792). While he sat at the gambling table, he used to eat slices of meat placed between two slices of bread. His friends began to call this sort of food a sandwich because only Lord Sandwich ate it. But later on it became popular and had to have a real name. So what began as a nickname gradually became part of the common language.

Another commonly used word is to boycott, meaning to refuse to have any connection or business with. This comes from Captain Boycott, who was the agent of an English land owner in Ireland in 1880. He treated his tenants so badly that they all refused to speak to hi,. By this policy they eventually obtained his removal. Such treatment was referred to as a boycott. Soon afterwards this verb to boycott was coined. Both the noun and the verb are still widely used.

1．What’s the passage chiefly concerned with?

       A．English words and names of scientists.

       B．English words and names of people.

       C．English words and discovery.

       D．Words and famous people.

2．A sandwich was named after Lord Sandwich because         .

       A．he was fond of it

       B．he was the only person that ate it

       C．he was the manufacturer of the food

       D．it became popular

3．It is suggested that Lord Sandwich         .

       A．was mad about gambling

       B．had to eat a sandwich because he was in debt

       C．invented gambling

       D．coined the word of sandwich

4．The word tenant (Paragraph 4, Line 4) probably refers to a          .

       A．customer                                            B．doctor

       C．patient                                                D．Person who rents a house

阅读理解（20题，共40分）

Farmer John and Farmer Bob were neighbours. For more than 30 years, they had been getting along very well.

Then their good relationship broke. It began with a small thing, then bitter words, and then weeks of silence. One morning Farmer John woke up to find a stream between the two farms. “It must be Bob,” John thought.

Then one day there was a knock on John’s door. He opened it to find a carpenter standing at the doorway.

“I’m looking for a few days’ work,” the carpenter said.

“I do have a job for you,” John said. “Look across the stream at that farm. That’s my neighbor Bob. He dug a stream between the two farms. I want you to build a fence—an 8-foot fence. I don’t want to see his place or his face any more. I don’t have such a neighbor!”

The carpenter said, “I think I know what to do, sir, and I’ll be able to do a job that pleases you.”

Farmer John helped the carpenter get the materials ready and then he was off for the day.

About sunset when the farmer returned, the carpenter had just finished his job. The farmer’s eyes opened wide. There was no fence there at all!

It was a bridge! And the neighbor, Bob, was coming across, with his hand outstretched(伸出). “Hi, John! You’re quite a fellow to build this bridge!”

Then they met in the middle, taking each other’s hands. “I’m terribly sorry for what I have said and done. We should be good to each other.” said Farmer Bob.

Then they turned to see the carpenter, who was ready to go. “No, wait! Stay a few days. I have a lot of other jobs for you,” said Farmer John. “I’d love to stay,” the carpenter said, “but I have more bridges to build.”

1. Just before the carpenter came, John and Bob             each other.

   A. often fought with           B. were friendly to     

C. didn’t speak to          D. never had bitter words with

2. Farmer John asked the carpenter to build a fence because            .

   A. he wouldn’t like to see Bob     B. he didn’t want to do it himself

   C. he wanted to protect his farm     D. he wanted to find him something to do

3. What does the sentence “You’re quite a fellow to build this bridge!” mean?

A. John should build the bridge earlier

B. John was not good at building bridges.

C. John was foolish to build such a bridge.

D.] John was great to build this bridge.

4. What do you think of the carpenter?

    A. Shy.         B. Careless.            C. Proud.           D. Wise

根据对话内容，从对话后的选项中选出能填人空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

A：Hello! This is Li Mei Calling from Jilin．May I speak to Carla?

C：Just a moment，please． ___1___

B：Hello?

A：Hi，Carla! This is Li Mei calling from Jilin．How are you?

Bt Oh，hi，Li Mei! How nice to hear your voice! I’m fine，thank you．

A：Thank you so much for giving me such a lovely time in Trindad．

B： ___2___  I hope you can come again some day!

A：I’d love to ! I wonder，though，if you are interested in visiting me during the Spring Festival this year． __3___.

B：Oh．I’d love to, but I don’t know if I will be free then. What time of year is it?

A： ___4___ but this year it’s at the beginning of February．

B：I’d love to come.  I’ll try to find out if I can take off work then．It’s very kind of you to invite me!

A：Oh，don’t mention it! I hope you can come! Say hello to Hari for me! I hope he can come to

China with you．

B：That would be fun! Thanks a lot for calling !__ 5___

A：OK, great! Have a good day!

B：Thanks，you too，bye!

A：Bye!

A .Oh．sorry．he isn’t here at the moment

    B. I’ll get her for you

    C. It was a pleasure having you here．

D. It is always the same each other．

E. I’d love to show you one of our Chinese festivals．

F. I’ll let Hari know you called．

G. It’s different every year．

温馨提示:

请将补全对话答案涂在机读卡上   E=AB        F=AC      G=AD

Dogs may not know exactly what you are doing especially when you’re trying to figure out a square root or diagram a sentence. But according to a new study, dogs can understand what we’re thinking and feeling by reading our facial expressions and body language and following our eyes.
Researchers studied 29 dogs. The dogs were shown a movie where a woman looked directly at them and said “Hi dog!” Then, the woman looked at a flowerpot sitting next to her. The researchers found that when the woman looked at and spoke directly to a dog, the dog usually followed her eyes to the flowerpot. It proved that the dogs knew that the woman was thinking about the flowerpot.
“By following the eye movements of dogs, we were able to get a first-hand look at how their minds are actually working,” said Jozsef, the senior researcher.
Later in the movie, the woman said “Hi dogs” in a low voice and didn’t look at the dog before looking at the flowerpot. In that situation, the dogs didn’t seem to understand what the woman was thinking. There was no eye contact, and the woman didn’t appear to speak to the dogs directly.
That comes as no surprise to dog trainer Jones. “Dogs normally speak through nonverbal signals. It’s more natural to them,” she said. “If you’ve ever watched dogs at a dog park, you’ve seen it. Within 30 seconds they enter the park, much information has passed between the new dog and the ones already in the park. They’re exchanging looks, observing eyes and body posture. On the other hand, when you speak to a dog, they are learning a foreign language.”
Picking up your nonverbal signals seems more natural. So, if you were hoping that all this means your dog could help you solve your math problems, you’re probably out of luck. But he or she might be a lot more in tune with what you’re thinking than you previously thought.
【小题1】How could the researchers find that the dogs understood the woman’s intention?

根据对话内容，从对话后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳答案，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。选项中有两项为多余选项。

-- Hello, this is Susan Wilson. May I speak to Crower please?

-- Hi, Susan. 1.

-- Well, I’m calling about the theatre group I belong to.  2. And I thought you might be interested.

-- Oh, gosh, you know how much I love acting, but I’m doing a hard job. I might be able to learn my part,  3.

-- Well, actually, we practise only one night a week, Thursdays from seven to ten, though we would have to put in extra time before performances.

-- 4.   

-- Sure, but look, why don’t you come and watch next Thursday? I think you will like the way we work.   5.

-- Okay, I’ll come once, but I can’t promise more than that.

-- Great. I’ll give you a call on Wednesday to remind you. Talk to you then, bye now.

-- Bye, Susan.

E. When you see how much fun it is, you will want to join right away.

F. but I would hardly have time to come to the practice performances.

G. We are looking for more people to join us, especially men.