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Everyone in the United States isn't fighting pollution. However, it is safe to say that nearly everyone is aware of the 1 it's had on the quality of the land, air and water of the country.
On the national level, much 2 to deal with the pollution problem . New laws are 3 yearly by both the federal(联邦的) and state governments. These laws serve 4 to protect the forests, rivers and lakes of the United States or to 5 manufacturers (制造商) from further damaging the environment.
Factories , for instance, are no longer 6 to dump(倾倒) chemicals into rivers and streams. 7 are they allowed to pollute the air with harmful smoke.
But rather than tell you about factories and the government, I'd like to tell you what individual citizens in the United States can do to 8 the environment, even if only a small pert of it.
One of the oldest anti-pollution sorts of laws on the United States is 9 littering(乱丢) . A citizen who 10 trash of any kind — paper wrappers or soft drink or beer cans, for instance, from a car window or onto the sidewalk can be fined. In California, for example, the fine might be 11 $ 500.
If someone drops an ice-cream wrapper onto the sidewalk for example, there is a good chance either that he will be asked to pick it up or that he will get dirty 12 from others.
The findings in the 1970s of the Surgeon General of the United States brought to everyone's 13 sort of 14 ; cigarette smoke. All cigarettes manufactured in the United States raw carry a 15 on the package about this sort of lung pollution.
Also, it seems that newspapers report daily on the dangers of free floating smoke to the 16 of non-smokers. To fight this sort of pollution most restaurants in the United States have set NON-SMOKING 17 .
Those who sit in a smoking section, however, are often asked to put out their cigarettes if the smoke 18 bothers nonsmokers.
Government offices, public buildings, food and department stores, and public transportation vehicles all 19 smoking. Perhaps the outdoors is the only place where a in the United States can light up without guilt(内疚) and 20 polluting the lunge of others.
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Poverty exists because our society is an unequal one, and there are plenty of political pressures to keep it that way. Any attempt to redistribute wealth and income in the United States will be opposed by powerful middle and upper class interests. People can be relatively rich only if others are relatively poor, and since power is concentrated in the hands of the rich, public policies will continue to reflect their interests rather than those of the poor.
As Herbert Gans has pointed out, poverty is actually functional form from the point of view of the non-poor. Poverty ensures that ‘dirty’ work gets done. If there were no poor people to clean floors and empty dustbins, these jobs would have to be rewarded with high incomes before anyone would touch them. Poverty creates jobs for many of the non-poor, such as police officers, welfare workers, and government officials. Poverty makes life easier for the rich by providing them with cooks, gardeners and other workers to perform basic work while their employers enjoy more pleasurable activities. Poverty provides a market for low-level goods and services, such as day-old bread, rundown automobiles. Poverty legitimizes (make legal) middle-class values. To the middle class, the fate of the poor---who are supposed to lack honesty, and a taste of hard work---only confirms the desirability of qualities the poor are thought to lack. Poverty also provides a group that can be made to absorb the costs of change. For example, the poor bear the pressure of unemployment and it’s their homes, not those of the wealthy, that are destroyed when a route has to be found for a new highway. It cannot be said that the wealthy keep the poor in poverty. It is just that poverty is an outcome of the American economic system, which the poor are politically powerless to influence or change.
1. The best title is ________________________.
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A．Functions of Poverty |
B．Political Power in Poverty |
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C．The Fate of the Poor |
D．An Unequal Society |
2. Poverty exists in American society because ____________.
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A．the wealthy work hard and are glad to keep it |
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B．the majority of the non-poor are totally indifferent (not paying much attention) to it |
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C．the rich are politically powerful while the poor are politically powerless |
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D．the poor like the jobs that they’re supplied by the wealthy. |
3.The poor take on ‘dirty work’ ___________________.
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A．under political pressure |
B．for the high pay offered |
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C．as they are reasonably paid |
D．though ill-paid |
4. The author thinks that _____________________.
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A．the poor lack such desirable qualities as honesty |
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B．the poor are not supposed to work hard |
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C．the poor are willing to bear the costs of change |
D．none of the above |
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Computer people talk a lot about the need for other people to become“computerliterate”. But not all experts agree that this is a good idea.
One pioneer, in particular, who disagrees is David Tebbutt, the founder of computertown UK. Although many people see this as a successful attempt to bring people closer to the computer, David does not see it that way. He says that the computertown was formed for just the opposite reason, to bring computers to people and make them “people-literate”.
David Tebbutt thinks computertowns are most successful when tied to a computer club but he insists there is an important difference between the two. The clubs are for people who have some computer knowledge already. This frightens away non-experts, who are happier going to computertowns where there are computers for them to experiment on, with experts to encourage them and answer any questions they have. They are not told what to do, they find out. The computer experts have to learn not to tell people about computers, but have to be able to answer all questions people ask. People don't have to learn computer terms, but the experts have to explain in plain language. The computer is becoming “people-literate”.
(1)Which of the following is David Tebbutt's idea on the relationship between people and computers?
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A．Computer learning should be made easier.
B．There should be more computer clubs for experts.
C．People should work harder to master computer use.
D．Computers should be made cheaper so that people can afford them.
(2)We can infer from the text that “computer-literate” means ______.
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A．being able to afford a computer
B．being able to write computer programs
C．working with the computer and finding out its value
D．understanding the computer and knowing how to use it
(3)The underlined word “it” in the Second Paragraph refers to the idea that computertowns ______.
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A．help to set up more computer clubs
B．bring people to learn to use computers
C．bring more experts to work together
D．help to sell computers to the public
(4)David Tebbutt started Computertown UK with the purpose of ______.
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A．making better use of computer experts
B．improving computer programs
C．increasing computer sales
D．popularizing computers
(5)Which of the following is true?
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A．All the experts agree computer-literate.
B．Computers should be made cheaper so that people can afford them.
C．David Tebbutt is a pioneer who agrees that we need to make computer people-literate.
D．None of the above.
查看习题详情和答案>>It's not easy,even desperate(希望渺小).
“We have many children left to place:40 out of 75,”said Straub,who works for a Paris-based foreign-exchange programme called LEC.
When the exchange programme started 50 years ago,family life was more accommodating.For one thing,more mothers stayed home.
But now,increasing numbers of women work outside home.Exchange-student programmes have struggled in recent years to sign up host families for the 30 000 teenagers who annually come from abroad to spend an academic year in the United States,as well as the thousands more who participate in summer programmes.
School systems in many parts of the US,unhappy about accepting non-taxpaying students,have also strictly limited the number of exchange students they accept.At the same time,the idea of hosting foreign students is becoming less exotic(异国情调的).
In searching for host families,she usually receives no pay.Exchange programmes are increasingly broadening their appeals(呼吁)to include everyone from young couples to retirees.
“We are open to many different types of families,”said Vickie Weiner,eastern regional director for ASSE.A 25-year-old programme that sends about 30 000 teenagers on academic-year exchange programme worldwide.
For elderly people and exchange students,“Keep us young—they really do,”said Jean Foster,who is hosting 16-year-old Nina Porst Denmark.
1.In the past,Straub's job was easy,because________.
A.American families needed more money to live
B.American families had fewer children to support
C.American families had spare rooms to rent
D.American families were not as busy as now
2.The underlined word“accommodating”in the 4th paragraph means ________.
A.simple and interesting
B.colourful but poor
C.hard to deal with
D.eager or willing to help others
3.To deal with the problem in recent years,Straub and her workmates have to ________.
A.ask different kinds of families to help
B.limit the number of the exchange students
C.borrow much money to pay for the costs
D.force some families to accept students
4.How many facts can you find that may have caused difficulty for the exchange programmes?
A.None. B.One. C.Two. D.Three.
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