The greatest recent social changes have been in the lives of women. During the twentieth century there has been a remarkable shortening of the time of a woman’s life spent in caring for children. A woman marrying at the end of the nineteenth century would probably have been in her middle twenties, and would be likely to have seven or eight children, of whom four or five lived till they were five years old. By the time the youngest was fifteen, the mother would have been in her early fifties and would expect to live a further twenty years, during which health made it unusual for her to get paid work. Today women marry younger and have fewer children. Usually a woman‘s youngest child will be fifteen when she is forty-five and can be expected to live another thirty-five years and is likely to take paid work until retirement(退休) at sixty. Even while she has the care of children, her work is lightened by modern living conditions.

　　This important change in women’s life-pattern has only recently begun to have its full effect on women‘s economic position. Even a few years ago most girls left schools at the first chance, and most of them took a full-time job. However, when they married, they usually left work at once and never returned to it. Today the school-leaving age is sixteen, many girls stay at school after that age, and though women usually marry younger, more married women stay at least until shortly before their first child is born. Very many more afterwards return to full or part-time work. Such changes have led to a new relationship in marriage, with the husband accepting a greater share of the duties and satisfactions of family life, and with the both husband and wife sharing more equally in providing the money, and running the home, according to the abilities and interests of each of them.

　1.According to the passage, around the year 1900 most women married ________.

　　A. at about twenty-five B. in their early fifties

　　C as soon as possible after they were fifteen

　　D. at any age from fifteen to forty-five

　2. We are told that in a common family about 1900 _________.

3.When she was over fifty, the late nineteenth-century mother _________.

4.According to the passage, the women of today usually _________.

语法填空 (共10小题，每小题1.5分，满分15分)

阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为31～40的相应位置上。

Mosquitoes are very small insects. There are more than two thousand different kinds of mosquitoes. Female mosquitoes bite people  31  (drink) their blood. Male mosquitoes do not drink blood. They drink liquids from plants.

The female mosquito uses its long thin sucking tube to break the skin and find blood. The insect injects the victim with a substance（物质）  32  keeps blood flowing.

The female mosquito drinks the blood and uses  33  to produce eggs. One meal gives her enough blood to produce as many as two hundred fifty eggs. The mosquito  34  (lay) them in any standing water.

The eggs produce worm-like creatures in two days to a few months. However, some eggs can stay in water for years  35  conditions are right for development. The worm-like creatures feed  36  organisms in the water. After four to ten days, they change again, into creatures  37  (call) pupas (蛹). The pupas rise to the surface of the water. Adult mosquitoes pull themselves out of the pupas  38  fly away.

The World Health Organization says mosquitoes cause disease and death for millions of people  39  the world. That is because mosquitoes can carry organisms that cause disease.  40 , the disease does not affect mosquitoes.

Directions: Read the following passage．Complete the diagram by using the information from the passage．Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer．

A migraine headache（偏头疼） can cause disabling pain．People may not feel back to normal for hours or even for days．

Migraine headaches are most common among young adults and middle-aged people．In the United States, about eighteen percent of women and six percent of men report having migraines．

People who suffer from migraines can find that different "triggers" in different people may get a headache started．Stress can act as a trigger．

Many migraine sufferers say hot weather and low barometric pressure（气压） can act as triggers, but researchers say they did not have much scientific evidence of that-until now．

In a new study, a team examined the medical records of seven thousand hospital patients．The patients had visited the emergency room at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston, Massachusetts, because of a headache．More than two thousand of them had been found to have a migraine．

The team then compared those records to weather conditions in the twenty-four hours before the hospital visits．For every increase of five degrees Celsius in air temperature, the patients had a seven and one-half percent higher risk of migraine．Decreases in barometric pressure two to three days before the visit also appeared to cause headaches．

A separate study has found that age, gender and where a person has extra body fat may affect the risk of migraine．It found that overweight people between the ages of twenty and fifty-five may have a higher risk．On average, those who were larger around the middle were more likely to have migraines than those of the same age with smaller waistlines（腰围）．

Experts suggest that losing weight in the stomach area may help younger people who experience migraines, especially women．Doing exercises regularly is also helpful to reducing migraine headaches．

Title: 1.

2.    

●3.       ．

● Not feel back to normal for hours or even days．

People suffering from it Young adults and 4.

5._______6.    Hot weather→ every increase of five degrees Celsius: seven and one-half percent higher risk of migraine

7.           → decreases two to three days before the visit appeared to cause headaches

A separate study    8.         and where a person has extra body fat→ overweight people between twenty and fifty-five have a higher risk

9.     ● Lose weight in the stomach area．

●10.       ．

Every object tells a story. Even the most ordinary objects can present to us powerful images. Sometimes it is the ordinary nature of these objects that actually makes them so extraordinary. Such is the case with an old leather shoe in a museum in Alaska. At first glance it does not look like much. It is a woman’s shoe of a style popular in the 1890s. But what is unique(独特的) about this shoe is where it was found. It was discovered on the Checkout Pass, the famous trail used by the people seeking gold in Alaska. Who it belonged to or why it was left there is not known. Was it perhaps dropped by accident as the woman climbed up the 1500 stairs carved outface? Or did she throw away goods that she didn’t need in order to travel lighter?

Over 100, 000 people with “gold fever” made this trip hoping to become millionaires. Few of them understood that on their way they would have to cross a harsh wildness. Unprepared for such a dangerous journey, many died of starvation and exposure to the cold weather.

The Canadian government finally started requiring the gold seekers to bring one ton of supplies with them. This was thought to be enough for a person to survive for one year. They would carry their supplies in backpacks(背包) each weighing up to fifty pounds; it usually took at least 40 trips to get everything to the top and over the pass. Whoever dropped the shoe must have been a brave and determined woman. Perhaps she was successful and made it to Alaska. Perhaps she had to turn back in defeat. No one will ever know for sure, but what we do know is that she took part in one of the greatest adventures in the 19th century.

1.The ordinary woman’s leather shoe is considered unusual because ______. 

A. it was an important clue to life in the past

B. it was found on a famous trail

C. it at one time belonged to a VIP    

D. it was a fashionable shoe at that time

2. According to this passage, many people who went to Alaska ______. 

A. eventually became millionaires           B. brought with them many shoes

C. had conflicts with the Eskimos           D. were not properly equipped

3.The Canadian government made gold seekers bring one year’s supplies with them so that ______.

A. they would not die of hunger and cold

B. the army would have enough food for fighting a war

C. they would change these goods with the Eskimos

D. the supplies would make Alaska rich

4. No matter what happened to the woman who owned the shoe, ______. 

A. she must have lived a happy life

B. she certainly dropped the shoe on purpose

C. her adventurous spirit is definitely admired

D. her other shoes were equally fashionable

Mary and Peter were having a picnic with some friends near a river when Mary noticed an object overhead. "Look!" she shouted to her friends. "That's a spaceship up there and it's going to land here."

    Frightened by the strange silver-colored spaceship, most of the young people got in their cars and drove away quickly. Peter was fond of Mary and always stayed close to her. They, more curious than frightened, watched the spaceship land and saw a door open. When nobody came out, they went to the spaceship and entered inside. Peter followed Mary into the spaceship and did not hear the door closed behind him. The temperature fell rapidly and the two young people lost consciousness.

    When they woke up, they were surprised to see that they were back by the river again. The spaceship had gone. Their car was nearby.

   "What happened?" asked Mary.

   Peter scratched (?) his head, saying slowly, "Don't ask me. Perhaps we had a dream. Did you...Did you see a spaceship?"

   "Yes," said Mary. "And we both went into it. Then..." she looked at her wrist. "That's funny. My watch has stopped. Oh, well, come on. It's time to go home."

    Driving about fifty meters, they found their way blocked by a thick wall made of something like glass. They got out of the car and tried to find their way round the wall but discovered that they were inside a circular wall. It was like a mirror and prevented them from seeing through it.

   On the other side of the wall, strange creatures walked past slowly. A few stopped to stare through the wall and read a new notice which, translated into English, said: "New arrivals at the zoo: a pair of Earthlings in their natural surroundings with their mobile house."

1. When the spaceship arrived, why didn't Peter drive away?

A. He did not like leaving Mary.

B. He knew that the spaceship was harmless.

C. He was too frightened to drive.

D. There was a wall blocking the road.

2.Why did Peter enter the spaceship?

A. He saw the food and was hungry.

B. Mary told him to enter it.

C. He just followed Mary.

D. He wanted to study it.

3. Peter scratched his head so we know that _____.

A. he had lost consciousness

B. he was puzzled and did not know what to say to Mary

C. he had lost his memory

D. he was still half asleep

4.What do the words "strange creatures" mean to tell us?

A. They were wild animals in a zoo.

B. They were robbers.

C. They had landed on Earth in a spaceship and lived there.

D. The young couple were on another planet.