When nature is left alone, a balance is reached among the animals and plants living in one area. But when man starts his work in nature, the balance is likely to be destroyed. He grows a crop and takes it away to eat ;then there are no dead leaves to fall on the ground, holding water while it sinks into the surface, or decaying (腐烂) and adding humus (腐殖质) to the soil. Unless a farmer acts with knowledge and skill, he is therefore most likely to make the land poorer. To take the place of the useful matter in the crops that he removes, he uses some kind of fertilizer (肥料). Chemical fertilizers are of great help, but the waste products of animals and decaying remains of plants should also be put on the land. In some places, it is a habit to burn waste material lying about, but such burning destroys the useful matter in the dead plants. Although the ashes that are left are valuable when put on the land, a better practice is to bury the waste so that it decays and increases the humus in the soil.

In the past, when the world population was much lower than it is now, a man had little difficulty in ordinary times in growing the food that was needed. When a field had been used some years and had become tired, the farmer could move to another place. The tired land then slowly recovered. By and by grasses and other plants would appear on it and its productive power would slowly return to normal through their decay. But nature, left alone, would take a long time to bring back the land to its former state; the length of time required would depend on local conditions, but it might well be ten years.

It is a bad practice to grow the same crop in a field year after year. If the crop is changed, the land will suffer less because it is treated and used in a different way. Different plants have different effects on the soil. Therefore, a change of crop will do less harm than the growing of the same crop year after year and a regular change to grass will do good to the soil. Much will therefore be gained if different crops are grown one after another, a method known as the rotation (轮作) of crops.

1.According to the passage, the land will become poorer (   )

A. if all the dead leaves are cleared away        B. if the humus is increased after the harvest

C. if dead leaves decay in the soil by themselves  D. if waste plant material lying about is buried

2.We can learn from the passage that the tired land has slowly recovered (   )

A. when grasses and other plants appear again

B. when the treatment is given by nature alone

C. after new grasses and other plants have decayed again

D. after nature has been left alone for several months

3.A modern farmer can hardly move to another place as he did before because (   )

A. the productive power of a new field isn't higher than that of an old one

B. there are few free fields left for him to do farming

C. it takes a farmer more than ten years to start farming in a new field

D. there will be too many grasses in a new field to grow crops

4.It is most likely that the author will go on to (   ) in the paragraph following the passage above.

A. introduce other methods of planting crops     B. deal with how to prevent land getting tired

C. start another topic of how to make use of land  D. further explain what the rotation of crops is

Scientists say they have found key clues（线索）into how long we will live. One of them is a firm __21___. British researchers believe a firm strong handshake is not just a __22___ of confidence but also an indicator of a long life. Lead author Dr Rachel Cooper of University College London said her study looked __23___ 33 different reports on the __24___ of handshakes. The research involved more than 50,000 men and women and __25___ 40 years. Dr Cooper concluded that __26___ with weaker handshakes were 70 per cent more likely to die earlier than those with the __27___ handshakes. She concludes that people with a firm strong handshake __28___ from a happy childhood that __29___ a healthy diet and __30___ of exercise.

The new study, __31___ in the British Medical Journal, also found other signs of living a longer life. These 'measures of __32___ capability' include walking at a faster pace, getting out of a chair quickly, and being able to __33___ on one leg. The study showed that slow walkers were almost three times __34___ to die at a younger age than those who walked quickly and actively. Those who __35___ to get up from their armchairs were twice as likely to die earlier than those who sprang __36___ their chairs. Dr Cooper believes there __37___ more research into the link  __38___ physical capability and a long life. “Research that helps people to __39___ a long and healthy life is ever more important to help provide for an ageing __40___.” she said.

A．childhood      B. relationship      C．hardship               D．handshake

A．sign              B.    symbol          C．trip              D．sigh

A．at           B.    into            C．to              D．on

A．strength     B.    length         C．likeliness       D．confidence

A．last           B.    past            C．lasted            D．passed

A．women     B.    they           C．those             D．men

A．weaker     B. strongest              C．weakest         D．strong

A. must benefit   B.could have lived   C. should come      D. may have benefited

A．concluded     B.    consisted       C．included             D．including

A．plentiful      B.    plenty           C．a number          D．the number

A．published     B.    being published  C．publishing      D．having publishedA．physician  B.       physics          C．physiology        D．physical

A．stand      B.    balance          C．live               D．shake

A．likely          B.    likelier          C．likelihood          D．liking

A．wanted       B.    hoped         C．struggled           D．were dying    

A．out of      B.    in front of      C．ahead of         D．away from   

A．needs to be  B.    need to be      C．ought to be       D．must be

A．from        B.    among           C．between                 D．beneath

A．benefit    B.     involve        C．make              D．enjoy

A．popularity  B.    pollution       C．population         D．publication

Nick was not the kind of boy I had expected to spend my summer with. I was hoping to have a relaxation the summer before my busy senior year, __36__ my mother asked me to do her a __37__. One of her colleagues needed a full－time __38__. “You planned to volunteer at the local hospital; why not volunteer to __39__ Nick instead？” Then she told me that this six-year-old boy was not a __40__ child.

Nick was a lovely little boy who suffered from many disorders. Normal day-care centers would not __41__ him. As a baby, he had serious ear infections which left him with equilibrium(平衡)problems. He couldn't __42__ or run properly. I was hesitating __43__ I was to take the job when my mother __44__, “Don't you want to be a nurse in the future? I doubt if you even have the __45__.”

Then I told her I was __46__ for the job.

The day started at 7：00 a．m. Nick was my wake-up call! With so much energy and very little __47__ , he was quite a mix.

At the park, when he saw all the other children play on the jungle gym and swings, the boy's face __48__ up—How he wished he belonged to the group of his age! You would think it would be__49__ to get a child to go down a slide. Believe me, it wasn't! It took time, a lot of time. But with patience and support, Nick took one step up the slide each day. We worked together to face his __50__ and gradually he got closer to taking the slide of his life.

Halfway through the summer, he __51__ it to the top of the slide. With my arms __52_ him tightly, we flew down the slide! I waited for his reaction. After realizing that he was safe and sound, he gave me a big __53__ and asked, “May I go down again, alone？”

I had never been happier in my life when I saw this little child climb the ladder and enjoy what other children __54__ for granted.

This __55__ child taught me that being a nurse means respect, kindness and patience.

1.                A．and            B．however        C．so   D．but

2.                A．service         B．business        C．favor     D．trade

3.                A．nurse          B．Waitress        C．guard    D．guide

4.                A．protect         B．attend          C．Defend   D．comfort

5.                A．Naughty        B．clever          C．Normal   D．happy

6.                A．admit          B．receive         C．Accept   D．adopt

7.                A．speak          B．play            C．stand     D．walk

8.                A．if             B．what           C．why D．where

9.                A．Suggested       B．Argued         C．Challenged    D．commented

10.               A．Courage        B．energy         C．Faith  D．time

11.               A．eager          B．sorry          C．Grateful   D．ready

12.               A．awareness      B．knowledge      C．balance   D．control

13.               A．delighted       B．cheered        C．Lit   D．shut

14.               A．difficult        B．interesting      C．simple D．terrible

15.               A．fears          B．worries         C．chances   D．situation

16.               A．climbed        B．got            C．Managed  D．made

17.               A．taking          B．holding         C．bringing   D．greeting

18.               A．Kiss           B．Clap           C．welcome  D．surprise

19.               A．play           B．do            C．take  D．enjoy

20.               A．miserable       B．smart          C．brave D．special

       It is reported that conservation groups in North America have been arguing about the benefits and dangers of wolves．Some groups believe wolves should be killed．Other people believe wolves must be protected so that they will not disappear from the wilderness.

For Killing Wolves

       In Alaska，the wolf almost disappeared a few years ago，because hunters were killing hundreds of them for sport．However, 1aws were established to protect the wolves from sportsmen and people who catch the animals for their fur．So the wolf population has greatly increased．Now there are so many wolves that they are destroying their own food supply．

       A wolf naturally eats animals in the deer family ．People in the wilderness also hunt deer for food．Many of the animals have been destroyed by the very cold winters recently and by changes in the wilderness plant life．When the deer can’t find enough food，they die．

       If the wolves continue to kill large numbers of deer，their prey（猎物）will disappear some day．And the wolves will．too．So we must change the cycle of life in the wilderness to balance the ecology．If we killed more wolves，we would save them and their prey from dying out．We’d also save some farm animals．

       In another northern state，wolves attack cows and chickens for food．Farmers want the government to send biologists to study the problem．They believe it necessary to kill wolves in some areas and to protect them in places where there is a small wolf population．

Against Killing Wolves

       If you had lived long ago，you would have heard many different stories about the dangerous wolf．According to most stories，hungry wolves often kill people for food．Even today，the stories of the “big bad wolf'＂will not disappear．

       But the fact is wolves are afraid of people．and they seldom travel in areas where there is a human smell．When wolves eat other animals，they usually kill the very young, or the sick and injured．The strongest survive．No kind of animal would have survived through the centuries if the weak members had lived．That has always been a law of nature.

       Although some people say it is good sense to kill wolves，we say it is nonsense! Researchers have found wolves and their prey living in balance, the wolves keep the deer population from becoming too large, and that keeps a balance in the wilderness plant life．

       The real problem is that the areas where wolves can live are being used by people．Even if wilderness land is not used directly for human needs, the wolves can’t always find enough food．So they travel to the nearest source, which is often a farm．Then there is danger．The “big bad wolf” has arrived! And everyone knows what happens next．

1.According to the passage，some people in North America favor killing wolves for all the following reasons EXCET that ________．

       A．there are too many wolves                          B．they kill large numbers deer

       C．they attack cows and chickens for food         D．they destroy the wilderness plant life

2.Some people are against killing wolves because ________．

       A．wolves help to keep the ecological balance in the wideness

       B．there is too small a wolf population in the wilderness

       C．there are too many deer in the wilderness

       D．wolves are afraid of people and never attack people

3.According to those against killing wolves，when wolves eat other animals，________．

       A．they never eat strong and healthy ones  

       B．they always go against the law of nature

       C．they might help this kind of animals survive in nature

       D．they disturb the ecological balance in the wilderness

4.The last sentence “And everyone knows what happens next” implies that in such cases ________．

       A．farm animals will be in danger and have to be shipped away

       B．wolves will kill people and people will in turn kill them

       C．wolves will find enough food sources on farms

       D．people will leave the areas where wolves can live

It is reported that conservation groups in North America have been arguing about the benefits and dangers of wolves. Some groups believe wolves should be killed. Other people believe wolves

Must be protected so that they will not disappear from the wilderndss(荒野)

                            For Killing Wolves

  In Alaska，the wolf almost disappeared a few years ago，because hunters were killing hundreds

0f them forsport .However．1aws were established to protect the wolves from sportsmen and people who catch the animals for their fur．So the woIf population has greatly increased. Now there are so many wolves that they are destroying their own food supply．

    A wolf naturally eats animals in the deer family. People in the wilderness also hunt deer for

food．Many of the animals have been destroyed by the very cold winters recently and by changes in the wilderness plant life．When the deer can’t find enough food，they die．

   If the wolves continue to kill large numbers of deer，their prey(猎物)will disappear some

day．And the wolves will．too．So we must change the cycle of life in the wilderness to balance the

ecology．If we killed more wolves，we would save them and their prey from dying out．We’d also

save some farm animals．

    In another northern state，wolves attack cows and chickens for food．Farmers want the

government to send biologists to study the problem．They believe it necessary to kill wolves in some areas and to protect them in places where there is a small woIf population．

                           Against Killing Wolves

  If you had lived long ago，you would have heard many different stories about the dangerous

wolf．According to most stories，hungry wolves often kill people for food．Even today，the stories of the“big bad woIf'＂will not disappear．

    But the fact is wolves are afraid of people．and they seldom travel in areas where there is a

human smell．When wolves eat other animals，they usually kill the very young．or the sick and

injured .The strongest survive .No kind of animal would have survived through the centuries if the

weak members had lived．And has always been a law of nature

  Although some people say it is good sense to kill wolves，we say it is nonsense!Researchers

have found wolves and their prey living in balance．The wolves keep the deer population from

becoming too large,and that keeps a balance in the wilderness plant life．

    The real problem is that the areas where wolves can live are being used bv people．Even if

wilderness land is not used directly for human needs．the wolves can’t always find enough food .So they travel to the nearest source,which is often a farm．Then there is danger．The“big bad wolf”has arrived! And everyone knows what happens next．

1．According to the passage，some people in North America favor killing wolves for all the following reasons EXCET that_____________．

    A．there are too many wolves                  B．they kill large numbers deer

    C．they attack cows and chickens for food        D．they destroy the wilderness plant life

2．Some people are against killing wolves because____________．

    A．wolves help to keep the ecological balance in the wildemess

    B．there is too small a wolf population in the wilderness

    C．there are too many deer in the wilderness

    D．wolves are afraid of people and never attack people

3．According to those against killing wolves，when wolves eat other animals，____________．

A．they never eat strong and healthy ones

    B．they always go against the law of nature

    C．they might help this kind of animals survive in nature

    D．they disturb the ecological balance in the wilderness

4．The last sentence“And everyone knows what happens next”implies that in such cases____________．

    A．farm animals will be in danger and have to be shipped away

    B．woIves will kill people and people will in turn kill them

    C．wolves wilI find enough food sources on famls

    D．people will leave the areas where wolves can live