There are many theories about the beginning of drama in ancient Greece. The one most widely accepted today is based on the assumption that drama evolved (演化) from ceremony. The argument for this view goes as follows.

       In the beginning, human beings viewed the natural forces of the world -even the seasonal changes - as unpredictable, and they sought through various means to control these unknown and feared powers. Those measures which appeared to bring the desired results were then kept and repeated until they hardened into fixed ceremonies. Eventually stories arose which explained the mysteries of the ceremonies. As time passed some ceremonies were abandoned, but the stories, later called myths, remained and provided material for art and drama.

       Those who believe that drama evolved out of ceremony also argue that those ceremonies contained the seed of theater because music, dance, masks, and costumes were almost always used. Furthermore, a suitable site had to be provided for performances and when the entire community did not participate, a clear division was usually made between the "acting area" and the "auditorium " . In addition, there were performers, and, since considerable importance was attached to avoiding mistakes in the performing of ceremonies, religious leaders usually took that task.. Wearing masks and costumes, they often acted other people, animals, or supernatural beings, and imitated the desired effect -- success in hunt or battle, the coming rain, etc. as an actor might. Eventually such dramatic representations were separated from religious activities.

      Another theory traces(追溯) the theater's origin from the human interest in storytelling. According to this view, tales (about the hunt, war, etc) are gradually developed, at first through the use of action and dialogue, and then through the assumption of each of the roles by a different person. A closely related theory traces theater to those dances that are primarily rhythmical and gymnastic or that are imitations of animal movements and sounds.

Which is the best title of the passage?

        A. Religious activities in ancient Greece.        B. The ceremonies in ancient Greece.

        C. Drama theories.                          D. The origin of Greek Drama.

According to the passage, drama_______________.

        A. was played in memory of ancient Greek ceremonies

        B. was a form of ceremony played by ancient Greeks to control unknown powers

        C. evolved out of ancient Greek ceremonies with time passing by

        D. is one of the measures Ancient Greeks took to view natural forces

What do drama and ancient ceremonies have in common according to the passage?

        A. Both of them were performed in theaters.

        B. Music, dance, masks, costumes and so on were contained in both of them.

        C. Religious leaders were in charge of both of them.

        D. Both of them were concerned about natural power.

In tracing the beginning of drama, which of the following is not mentioned?

        A. Planting.                         B. Religious ceremonies.

        C. Gymnastic.                       D. Storytelling.

It can be inferred from the passage that____________________.

        A. human beings loved to tell stories

        B. people could do nothing about nature

        C. religious leaders tried to develop the effective form of drama

        D. religious activities played a very important role in the evolvement of drama

下面短文中有10处语言错误。请在有错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在下面加上该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写上修改后的词。

注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2. 只允许修改10处，从第11处起不计分。

Boys and girls,

    May I have your attention, please? I have anything important to tell you. Next Sunday afternoon, our class was going to hold an English story-telling competition in lecture hall. Everybody is required to take part in the activity. Two foreign teacher will be invited to act as judges. The activity will benefit from you in many ways. For example, it will give us a good chance to practicing your oral English and train your communication skills. However, it will inspire your interest at English. The requirements are as follows. First, the story can be original. That is, the story must be made up by yourself. Second, the story must be presented in English. Finally, your story should be finished within three minutes. That’s all, thank you.

Need to relax after a few stressful months? Perhaps you need to go to a spa.
First of all, what exactly is a spa? Traditionally, spas were places with a natural spring producing warm waters that could be used in hydrotherapy (水疗法) treatments. They were places where you “took the waters” --- meaning you drank some of the water or bathed in it.
But nowadays, a “spa” can mean a variety of things. In general, the term is often used to refer to commercial establishment that provides many services for health, fitness, weight loss, beauty and relaxation. This may include exercise classes, mud baths, body treatment, facials (美容), etc.
In Japan, traditional hot springs have attracted visitors for centuries. And thermal baths (温泉浴) have been found in the ruins of the Cretan Palace of Knossos (2000-1400 B.C.). It was the Romans who made spas popular in Europe. They established a number of towns around thermal waters. These include the English town of Aquae Sulis (which is called Bath today), and the Belgian town of Aquae Spadanae (which is known as Spa these days).
In the 18^th century, spas became the fashionable places to go on holiday. Bath and Harrogate in the UK were popular with British rich people. And in Europe Carsbad (now called Larlovy Vary), Marienbad and Franzensbsf were Europe’s most important holiday centers.
A typical day in Carsbad in the 19^th century went as follows. Visitors got up at 6:00 a.m. to take the waters and listen to music by a band. Next, came a light breakfast, a bath in the waters, and then lunch. In the afternoon, visitors went sightseeing, walked or attended concerts. After dinner, there were theatrical performances. Guests returned to their hotels at about 9 p.m. to rest until six the following morning. Visitors would stay for as long as a month. Some of the more famous patients at these spas included the composers Beethoven and Chopin, and the Russian writer Turgnev.
Marienbad was the best spa town. It was popular with the inventor Thomas Edison, the writer Johann Goethe, and many famous people and European emperors.
Today, although taking the waters isn’t as common as it used to be, spa treatments are more popular than ever.
【小题1】What can we learn about a spa?

King’s College Summer School is an annual(每年的) training programme for high school students at all levels who want to improve their English. Courses are given by the teachers of King’s College and other colleges in New York. Trips to museums and culture centres are also organized. This year’s summer school will be from July 25th to August 15th. More information is as follows.

Friend is better than fortune. Friend is worse than poison in some cases. The two sentences above are opposite and seem to be unreasonable but they can be explained as follows: the first refers to all good friends who drive us towards good while the second all bad ones who lead us to wrong ways.

My ideal friend is of course a good friend whose goodness is shown below---he has no bad likings, such as smoking and drinking. He lives in frugality (节俭). He studies hard so as not to waste his golden time. At home he honors his parents and loves his brothers; at school he respects his teachers and shares feelings with his classmates. He treats those truly who are true to him. In a word, he has all the good characters better than mine. I can follow him as a model. With his help I am free from all difficulties.

Indeed, if I have such a person as my friend, I shall never fear difficulty and I shall never know the existence of the word "failure".

This passage tells us (   )

A. how to make friends with others

B. how the writer' s friend helps him

C. what kind of person the writer's friend is

D. what kind of person we should make friends with

An ideal friend means (   )

A. a true friend    B. a false friend    C. an imaginary friend   D. an excellent friend

From the passage we can learn that (   )

A. the writer and his ideal friend have a lot to learn from each other

B. the writer has a lot to learn from his ideal friend

C. the writer's ideal friend has a lot to learn from him

D. the writer has only a little to learn from his ideal friend

From the second paragraph, we can infer the writer is sure that (   )

A. nothing cannot be done with friend

B. only the first sentence is reasonable

C. he who does not smoke or drink must be a good friend

D. good friends should always help each other