Travel is exciting and summer is a busy period for holiday travel. Many people will travel great distances in airplanes, cars or other vehicles. Experts say people should know about other health problems that can strike when traveling by air.

One of these is a condition called hypoxia (缺氧症). It results from a lack of oxygen to the brain. Experts say the body begins losing oxygen minutes after an airplane leaves the ground. The air pressure in a plane during flight is lower than at sea level. This makes it more difficult for the body to effectively use the same amount of oxygen as it would on the ground. Fewer oxygen molecules （分子） cross the tissues (组织) in the lungs and reach the bloodstream.

The result is a five to twenty percent drop in the amount of oxygen in the blood. This reduces the amount of oxygen that reaches the organs of the body.

One effect of this lack of oxygen to the brain is a headache. When this happens, the heart attempts to fix the situation by beating harder and faster. This can make the traveler feel tired.

These signs of hypoxia are not dangerous in a healthy person. But a drop in oxygen level can cause a health emergency in people with heart or lung problems. They might lose consciousness or even suffer a heart attack.

Experts say that smoking cigarettes and drinking alcoholic liquids also reduce the body’s ability to use oxygen. So they suggest that people not drink alcohol or smoke cigarettes either before or during a flight. They also say persons with heart or lung problems should seek advice from their doctors before flying.

1.The author writes the passage mainly to ___.

2.According to the passage, what leads to hypoxia?

3.The underlined part “fix the situation” means “___”.

4.Why should passengers not smoke or drink before flying?

5.Do you think which the following title is the best title for this passage?

Travel is exciting and summer is a busy period for holiday travel. Many people will travel great distances in airplanes, cars or other vehicles. Experts say people should know about other health problems that can strike when traveling by air.
One of these is a condition called hypoxia (缺氧症). It results from a lack of oxygen to the brain. Experts say the body begins losing oxygen minutes after an airplane leaves the ground. The air pressure in a plane during flight is lower than at sea level. This makes it more difficult for the body to effectively use the same amount of oxygen as it would on the ground. Fewer oxygen molecules （分子） cross the tissues (组织) in the lungs and reach the bloodstream.
The result is a five to twenty percent drop in the amount of oxygen in the blood. This reduces the amount of oxygen that reaches the organs of the body.
One effect of this lack of oxygen to the brain is a headache. When this happens, the heart attempts to fix the situation by beating harder and faster. This can make the traveler feel tired.
These signs of hypoxia are not dangerous in a healthy person. But a drop in oxygen level can cause a health emergency in people with heart or lung problems. They might lose consciousness or even suffer a heart attack.
Experts say that smoking cigarettes and drinking alcoholic liquids also reduce the body’s ability to use oxygen. So they suggest that people not drink alcohol or smoke cigarettes either before or during a flight. They also say persons with heart or lung problems should seek advice from their doctors before flying.
【小题1】The author writes the passage mainly to ___.

Travel is exciting and summer is a busy period for holiday travel. Many people will travel great distances in airplanes, cars or other vehicles. Experts say people should know about other health problems that can strike when traveling by air.

One of these is a condition called hypoxia (缺氧症). It results from a lack of oxygen to the brain. Experts say the body begins losing oxygen minutes after an airplane leaves the ground. The air pressure in a plane during flight is lower than at sea level. This makes it more difficult for the body to effectively use the same amount of oxygen as it would on the ground. Fewer oxygen molecules （分子） cross the tissues (组织) in the lungs and reach the bloodstream.

The result is a five to twenty percent drop in the amount of oxygen in the blood. This reduces the amount of oxygen that reaches the organs of the body.

One effect of this lack of oxygen to the brain is a headache. When this happens, the heart attempts to fix the situation by beating harder and faster. This can make the traveler feel tired.

These signs of hypoxia are not dangerous in a healthy person. But a drop in oxygen level can cause a health emergency in people with heart or lung problems. They might lose consciousness or even suffer a heart attack.

Experts say that smoking cigarettes and drinking alcoholic liquids also reduce the body’s ability to use oxygen. So they suggest that people not drink alcohol or smoke cigarettes either before or during a flight. They also say persons with heart or lung problems should seek advice from their doctors before flying.

63. The author writes the passage mainly to __________.

A. warn people in airplanes of possible dangers

B. offer some advice on avoiding health problems

C. explain the causes and effects of hypoxia

D. advise people not to smoke or drink alcohol

64. According to the passage, what leads to hypoxia?

A. The brain lacks enough oxygen.       

B. The air pressure in a plane is too high.

C. Our body needs less oxygen during takeoff.

D. The bloodstream contains no oxygen molecules.

65. The underlined part “fix the situation” means “_________”.

A. use more oxygen it needs                        B. increase the air pressure

C. reduce the amount of blood              D. bump more blood to the brain

66. Why should passengers not smoke or drink before flying?

A. They weaken the body’s ability to use oxygen.

B. Smoking may pollute the air inside the airplane.

C. Drinking alcohol may raise one’s blood pressure.

D. Drinking is forbidden at the airport.

Life is full of challenges. School has to be the most challenging difficulty in the lives of youth today.

Elementary school brings about a few challenges characteristic of those years spent there. There’s the challenge of coloring in lines, a very real problem to any youngster. Or how about the challenge of remembering to raise one’s hand before one speaks? There are hundreds of rules and regulations that govern these children. The one thing that keeps these children in line is the hope of reward. Yes, this is the brass ring. The reward for a clean desk is an extra five minutes of rest! The prize for having all homework done, a shiny – new pencil topper! These small wonders keep small people in line. They make the children love challenge.

Middle school is not so easy. It is not easy for the students, and it also isn’t easy for the teachers. The challenge of staying out of trouble, or writing that research paper – these are the new challenging of an older, wiser group. This group has outgrown the rest and pencil – topper tricks. They know that their efforts have to bring them something really useful, so daybreak and pop are pulled onto the scene. How does five, ten dollars for each “A” sound? Or, how about no telephone if one doesn’t do good in school? Need I say more?

By the time high school arrives a student’s place in educational excellence or else their unlikelihood to even graduate has been founded. Little can be done now to make life’s challenges seem interesting, especially where school comes in. The lazy are rewarded with a nice job at a gas station, and a fifteen – year – old Ford. The diligent are rewarded with an SAT score of over 1100, acceptance into Yale University, and a ticket to life. By meeting the challenges of school, sticking it out, and pulling through, they are given their greatest reward: success. (from Creating Miracles by Yourself, The Most Beautiful English)

1．Which of the following is NOT correct according to the passage?

       A．Some small wonders may make the students in primary school like challenge.

       B．Reading research paper would make the students in middle school upset.

       C．Hard – working students may be admitted to one of the top universities.

       D．Success could be the reward to a senior student pulled through challenge.

2．According to the writer,           is the most testing for the young.

       A．society                B．life                      C．school                 D．desire

3．A student rewarded with a fifteen – year – old Ford shows           .

       A．he is a good student                             B．he studies hard

       C．he is bright                                          D．he is lazy

4．What we can make out from the passage is             .

       A．that everyone was forced to fight with others for their social position at school

       B．that you couldn’t find a better job in society if you don’t beat others at school

       C．that school is so cruel that we don’t need to break our wonderful friendship

       D．that school is the battlefield for they young because it makes us fail or succeed

Very old people do raise moral problems for almost everyone who comes into touch with them.Their values---this can not be repeated too often--aren’t necessarily our values.Physical comfort,cleanness and order are not necessarily the most important things.The social services from time to time find themselves faced with a room with rotten food covered by small worms,and an old person lying alone on bed,taking no notice of the worms.But is it interrupting personal freedom to insist that they go to live with some of their relatives so that they might be taken better care of? Some social workers,the ones who clear up the worms,think we’re in danger of carrying this idea of personal freedom to the point where serious risks(冒险)are being taken with the health and safety of the old.

Indeed,the old can be easily hurt or harmed.The old is like a car: it needs more mechanical repair as it gets older.You can carry this comparison right through to provision of spare parts.But never forget that such operations are painful experiences,however good the results are.And at what point should you stop to treat the old body?Is it morally right to try to push off death by continuing the development of medicine to excite the forgetful old mind and to make the old body active,knowing that it is designed to die?You cannot ask doctors or scientists to decide,because so long as they can see the technical chances,they will feel it necessary to give them a try,by the rule that while there’s life,there’s hope.

Talking to the old,however,you’re forced to the conclusion that whether age is happy or unpleasant depends less on money or health than it does on your ability to have fun.

1.After reading Paragraph 1，we learn that____.

2.Some social workers think that_____．

3.In Paragraph 3，the underlined word“it”refers to____．

4.The writer of this passage thinks that_______．