Scientists from the Max Plank Institute for Biological Cybernetics in Tubingen, Germany, have presented the first experimental evidence that people do end up walking in circles if lost in unfamiliar areas．The study, published in the journal Current Biology, examined the tracks of people who walked for several hours in the Sahara desert in Tunisia and in the Bienwald forest in Germany．Researchers Jan Souman and Marc Ernst said the scientists used the global positioning system （GPS） to record these paths．The results showed that the walkers were only able to keep a straight line when the sun or moon was visible．As soon as the sun disappeared behind some clouds, people started to walk in circles without even noticing it．

       Souman said one explanation offered in the past for people walking in circles was that most people have one leg longer or stronger than the other, which would produce a systematic bias（偏差） in one direction．To test this．the researchers asked people to walk straight while blindfolded which removed the effects of vision．They found that these circles were rarely in a systematic direction, with the same person sometimes switching to the left and sometimes to the right．

       "Most of the participants in the study walked in circles, sometimes in extremely small ones．Walking in circles is therefore not caused by differences in leg length or strength, but more likely the result of increasing uncertainty about where straight ahead is," said Souman, "Small random errors （随机性误差） in the various sensory signals that provide information about walking direction add up over time, making what a person perceives to be straight ahead drift away from the true straight ahead direction．"

The underlined word "this" in Paragraph 2 refers to _____．

       A．the effects of vision              B．a systematic bias

       C．the leg length differences          D．one explanation offered in the past

What is the probable reason for people's walking in circles?

       A．The invisible sun or moon．

       B．The increasing uncertainty about directions．

       C．Differences in leg length or strength．

       D．Wrong signals providing information about areas．

Why are the subjects required to be blindfolded?

       A．To encourage them to walk straight．    B．To stop them from seeing each other．

       C．To dismiss the effects of vision． D．To keep the test a top secret．

Which of the following statements is true?

       A．People walk straight in the day．

       B．The farther people walk, the greater the direction bias grows．

       C．People walk only in large circles．

       D．Researchers use the global positioning system to record their tracks．

When it comes to friends, I desire those who will share my happiness, who possess wings of their own and who will fly with me. I seek friends whose qualities illuminate（照亮）me and train me up for love. It is for these people that I reserve the glowing hours, too good not to share.

   When I was in the eighth grade, I had a friend. We were shy and “too serious” about our studies when it was becoming fashionable with our classmates to learn acceptable social behaviors. We said little at school, but she would come to my house and we would sit down with pencils and paper, and one of us would say, “Let’s start with a train whistle today.” We would sit quietly together and write separate poems or stories that grew out of a train whistle. Then we would read them aloud. At the end of that school year, we, too, were changing into social creatures and the stories and poems stopped.

   When I lived for a time in London, I had a friend, He was in despair and I was in despair. But our friendship was based on the idea in each of us that we would be sorry later if we did not explore this great city because we had felt bad at the time. We met every Sunday for five weeks and found many excellent things. We walked until our despairs disappeared and then we parted. We gave London to each other.

   For almost four years I have had remarkable friend whose imagination illuminates mine. We write long letters in which we often discover our strangest selves. Each of us appears, sometimes in a funny way, in the other’s dreams. She and I agree that, at certain times, we seem to be parts of the same mind. In my most interesting moments, I often think: “Yes, I must tell….”We have never met.

    It is such comforting companions I wish to keep. One bright hour with their kind is worth more to me than the lifetime services of a psychologist（心理学家），who will only fill up the healing（愈合的）silence necessary to those darkest moments in which I would rather be my own best friend.

1. In the eighth grade, what the author did before developing proper social behavior was to ______.

A. become serious about her study

B. go to her friend’s house regularly

C. learn from her classmates at school

D. share poems and stories with her friend

2. In Paragraph 3, “We gave London to each other” probably means ______.

A. our exploration of London was a memorable gift to both of us

B. we were unwilling to tear ourselves away from London

C. our unpleasant feeling about London disappeared

D. we parted with each other in London

3.According to Paragraph 4, the author and her friend _______.

A. call each other regularly

B. have similar personalities

C. enjoy writing to each other

D. dream of meeting each other

4.What is the best title for the passage?

A. Unforgettable Experiences

B. Remarkable Imagination

C. Lifelong Friendship

D. Noble Companions

My mother used to ask me what was the most important part of the body.Through the years I would   36  the correct answer.When I was younger, I thought   37   was very important to us as humans, so I said, "My ears, Mommy." She said, "No.Many people are    38 .But you keep thinking about it and I will ask you again soon."

Several years passed before she asked me again.Since    39 my first attempt, I had often thought over the correct answer.So this time I told her, "Mommy, sight is very important to everybody, so it   40_  be our eyes." She looked at me and told me, "You are learning fast, but the answer is not   41 because there are many people who are blind."

  42  the years, Mother asked me a couple more times and always her response to my answer was, "No, but you are getting  43  every year, my child." Then last year, my Grandpa    44 .Everybody was crying.My Mommy looked at me when it was our   45  to say our final good-bye to Grandpa.She asked me, "Do you know the most important body part yet, my dear?"

I was   46 when she asked me this now.I always thought this was a  47

between her and me.She saw the   48   on my face and told me, "This question is very important.It shows that you have really  49  your life." I saw her eyes well up with tears.She said, "My dear, the most important body part is your  50  ."

I asked, "Is it because it holds up your head?" She replied, "No, it is because a crying friend or­­  51 one can rest their head on it .Everybody needs a shoulder to cry on sometimes in life, my dear.I only   52  that you have enough love and friends that you will have a shoulder to cry on 53  you need it." Then and there I understood the most important body part is not a   54  one.It is sympathetic(同情的) to the pain of  55 .

1.                A．doubt about     B．look for         C．believe in D．guess at

2.                A．sight           B．health          C．sound    D．love

3.                A．blind           B．deaf           C．abnormal D．Delicate

4.                A．doing          B．did            C．making   D．made

5.                A．must           B．shall           C．can  D．need

6.                A．natural         B．available        C．wrong    D．correct

7.                A．Before         B．Till             C．Beyond   D．Over

8.                A．stronger        B．taller           C．smarter   D．nicer

9.                A．passed by       B．passed out      C．passed away   D．passed over

10.               A．duty           B．turn           C．pity  D．change

11.               A．shocked        B．satisfied        C．interested D．excited

12.               A．game          B．test            C．match     D．secret

13.               A．worry          B．puzzlement      C．regret D．pain

14.               A．made          B．cared          C．disliked   D．lived

15.               A．shoulder       B．foot           C．hand D．hair

16.               A．love           B．loved          C．loving     D．loves

17.               A．know          B．want           C．hope D．wish

18.               A．until           B．when          C．before    D．unless

19.               A．valuable        B．useful          C．selfish D．precious

20.               A．others         B．the others      C．other D．the other

文中共有10处语言错误。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

v 增加：在缺词处加上一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。

v 删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

v 修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

v 注意： 1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。

2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不记分。

Dear Mr. Brown,

I am writing to thank you with your kind help. Before you came to teach us, I had not interest in English. My pronunciation was terribly : I could only speak a few words. But one and a half yeas later, I now think English fun to learn. I got a lot of from your encouraging words. I will always remember what you said, “ If you try to , you can be No.1 !” I hope you’ve had pleasant journey home and will come to China again sometimes in the future. I will write again and send you the photos we take together.

“I’ve changed my mind. I wanted to have a telescope, but now I want my dad back.” Lucien Lawrence’s letter to Father Christmas, written after his father had been knifed to death outside his school gate, must have touched everyone’s heart. Lucien went on to say that without his father he couldn’t see the stars in the sky. When those we love depart from us, we cannot see the stars for a while.

But Lucien, the stars are still there, and one day, when you are older and your tears have gone, you will see them again. And, in a strange way, I expect that you will find your father there too, either in your mind or heart. I find that my parents, who died years ago, still linger (留连) in many of my dreams and that I think of them perhaps more than I ever did when they were alive. I still live to please them and I’m still surprised by their reactions. I remember that when I became a professor, I was so proud, or rather so pleased with myself that I couldn’t wait to cable my parents. The reply was a long time in coming, but when it did, all my mother said was “I hope this means that now you will have more time for the children!” I haven’t forgotten. The values of my parents still live on.

It makes me pause and think about how I will live on in the hearts and minds of my children and of those for whom I care. Would I have been as ready as Philip Lawrence has been to face the aggressors（入侵者）, and to lay down my life for those in my care? How many people would want me back for Christmas? It’s a serious thought, which gives me pause.

I pray silently, sometimes, in the dead of night, that ancient cry of a poet “Deliver my soul from the sword and my darling from the power of the dog.” Yet I know death comes to us all, and sometimes comes suddenly. We must therefore plan to live together, but live as if we will die tomorrow. We live on, I’m sure, in the lives of those we loved, and therefore we ought to have a care for what they will remember and what they will treasure. If more parents knew this in their hearts to be true, there might be fewer knives on our streets today.

1. According to the whole text we can see that the first paragraph ___________.

2.In the second paragraph the author mainly wants to explain to us____________.

3.What feeling did the author’s mother express in her reply?

4.In the author’s opinion, the value of a person’s life is _____________.

5. What does the writer mean by the sentence taken from an old poem?