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Young men often give flowers to young women when they are in love. This tradition may have come from
In the 1700s in
These baskets included a variety of “gifts”: flowers, stones, feathers, wax, and even charcoal. Each thing in the basket had a special meaning. By figuring out the secret message contained in each item, the person who received the basket began to understand little by little the true feeling of the person who sent it.
This idea of sending gifts of love with secret meanings quickly spread to
An innocent bunch of flowers told young ladies about the feeling in the hearts of young men. Each different flower held a different meaning. For example, the flowers from an orange tree meant, “You are beautiful and pure.” Pink carnations meant, “My love for you is strong and great.” Yellow roses, on the other hand, meant, “I saw you with someone else.”
Many flower dictionaries were made to help young people in love understand the meaning of the flowers they received. Not all of the dictionaries agreed, however, on the meaning of each flower, so a person had to be careful about the flowers they chose to send.
By the 1880s, using flowers to send messages had fallen out of fashion, and the more direct way of sending love letters began. Today, flowers are still considered a lovely gift, but the meaning for each kind of flower has been lost.
60. What did the items in the basket explain to the receiver?
A. The receiver’s appearance. B. The sender’s emotions.
C. The feeling of the receiver. D. The love between them.
61. If a French young man of the 1850s wanted to send his beloved girl a gift, he would probably choose .
A. flowers and feathers B. yellow roses
C. pink carnations D. nothing except a love letter
62. The text suggests that .
A. Turks still keep their tradition of sending baskets
B. flower dictionaries were made to help young ladies
C. people still use flowers to send secret messages
D. people don’t use flower dictionaries any longer
63. What is likely to be the title of this text?
A. Say it with Flowers B. Flowers and Secrets
C. Strange Tradition D. Love for Flowers
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B
Honesty may well be the policy, but it often deserts us when no one is watching, psychologists report today. Experiments with an honesty box to collect payments for hot drinks show that people are better at paying up when under the gaze(注视) of a pair of eyes. The surprise was that the eyes were not real, but photographed.
Researchers at Newcastle University set up the experiment in secret. They attached a poster to a cupboard of mugs above an-honesty box alongside a kettle, with tea, coffee and milk. Over 10 weeks, they alternated each week between images of eyes and pictures of flowers.
Dr. Bateson, a behavioral biologist and leader of the study, said that even though the eyes were not real they still seemed to make people behave more honestly. They effect may arise from behavioral characteristics that developed as early humans formed social groups that increased their chances of survival. Individuals had to co-operate for the good of the group, rather than act selfishly.
"If nobody is watching us it is in our interests to behave selfishly. But when we think we're being watched we should behave better, so people see us as co-operative and behave the same way towards us, "Dr. Bateson said.
"We thought we'd get a slight effect with eyes, but it was quite striking how much difference they made. Even at a subconscious(潜意识的) level, it seems people respond to eyes, and that might be because eyes send a strong biological signal we have evolved(进化) to respond to."
The finding, which researchers believe sheds light on our evolutionary past, could be turned to practical use. The psychologists say images of eyes could promote ticket sales on public transport and improve monitor systems to prevent antisocial behavior.
45. This passage is mainly about _______________.
A. the policy of honesty B. an honesty box to collect money
C. evolution on honesty D. an experiment on honesty
46. The reason for doing the experiment secretly is that the researchers _____________.
A. wanted to get a comparatively more exact result
B. had known they wanted to do something illegally
C. meant to get the co-operation of their colleagues
D. intended to sell the hot drinks at a higher price
47. People behave honestly under watchful gaze of eyes because _____________.
A. they want to leave a good impression B. they fear to be laughed at by others
C. they've got the nature through evolution D. they take the photo for a real pair of eyes
48. Images of a pair of eyes can be applied to all except _____.
A. tickets sales on public transport B. cold drink sales in public places
C. places with “No spitting!” signs D. Christmas decorations in one’s home
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February has long been a month of romance. With the sweet smell of roses in the air romantic films hit cinemas and love stories fill newspapers and magazines. On the 14th day, it is a custom for a boy to take his girlfriend out to dinner, buy her flowers and chocolates, write poems, sing to her or even spell out her name with rose petals! This is what you see on Valentine’s Day, a day named after Valentine who was a priest in the third century Rome. When the emperor (皇帝) decided that single men could become better soldiers than those with wives, he didn’t allow marriage.
But Valentine continued to perform marriage ceremonies for young lovers in secret. When his actions were discovered, the emperor sentenced him to death. While in prison, it is said that Valentine fell in love with the daughter of his prison guard. Before his death, he wrote her a letter, which he signed “From your Valentine”, an expression that is still in use today. Valentine died for what he believed in and so he was made a Saint (圣徒), as well as becoming one of history’s most romantic characters.
Nowadays, Valentine’s Day is also popular among Chinese young people. Some students are planning to make Valentine’s cards for parents, teachers and friends. Others want to hold parties at which they will exchange small gifts and eat heart-shaped cakes. The idea is to have fun and encourage people to share in the spirit of St. Valentine.
Why did the emperor in Rome not allow marriage in his country?
A. Because there were few women in his country at that time.
B. Because he thought men without wives could be better soldiers.
C. Because there wasn’t enough food for so many people.
D. Because he wanted to control the birth rate.
Valentine was put into prison because ______.
A. he killed one of the soldiers
B. he stole a lot of food
C. he didn’t obey the emperor’s order
D. he didn’t want to be a soldier
. The last paragraph mainly tells us ______.
A. students in China send cards to their teachers
B. it is a good idea to celebrate Valentine’s Day in China
C. it is interesting to celebrate Valentine’s Day in China
D. Valentine’s Day is also popular in China now
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Thank you for your interest in helping with the investigation into mumps(腮腺炎) at University of East Anglia(UEA).
Part 1: What will the oral fluid/saliva sample be tested for?
The oral fluid sample you provide will be tested for mumps antibodies and mumps virus. We will not be reporting results back to individual students. The information gathered will be used to guide public health control of mumps. We will update you via emailing the final outcome to acknowledge your contribution. If you think you have mumps, you will still need to see your GP as per routine.
Part 2: What is involved in the investigation?
(1) We will be contacting you by post to request two oral fluid/saliva samples a few weeks apart and possibly a third sample.
(2) We will contact your GP to collect information on your vaccination records.
What if you change your mind and what safeguards are in place?
Participation is voluntary.
You can withdraw anytime without having to give a reason. Withdrawal will not affect your routine care.
As a public health body, the HPA data collection role is strictly governed. All data will be collected and handled in accordance with strict medical confidences.
Part 3: What to do next if you would like to enroll?
All you have to do now is:
(1)Follow the instructions on the box with regards to taking an oral fluid/saliva swab(棉签).
(2)Complete the request form. If you are unable to complete the vaccination history section, you can leave it blank.
(3)Confirm your consent by signing below.
(4)Send everything (sample form, signed consent and swab sample) back in the prepaid envelope —a stamp is not required.
If you have any queries, please contact Dr. Chee Yung on 0208 327 7603.
Thank you for your time and consideration.
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I consent to take part in the oral fluid/saliva investigation of mumps at UEA by the HPA. Signature: Full name: Date: |
( ) 1.. This passage is written mainly to .
A. find the virus that leads to mumps B. raise funds for HPA
C. guide public health control of mumps D. encourage students to help investigate mumps
( ) 2.. It can be inferred from the passage that GP refers to .
A. parent B. doctor C. colleague D. classmate
( ) 3.. According to the passage, the following statements are true EXCEPT that .
A. all the students at University of East Anglia have to take part in the investigation
B. you don’t need to explain why you want to withdraw from the investigation
C. individual students will not be informed of the test results
D. your routine care will not be affected if you withdraw from the investigation
( ) 4... The data of the investigation will be .
A. sent to the GP by the HPA B. collected by individual students
C. managed according to strict medical confidences D. strictly secret to the HPA
( ) 5.. To enroll the investigation, you have to .
A. complete the vaccination history section of the request form
B. send the sample form, the signed consent and the swab sample back at your own expense
C. do as the instructions on the box about how to take an oral fluid/saliva swab
D. contact Dr. Chee Yung on 0208 327 7603
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