Humankind has tried to improve its standard of living since the very beginning of civilization. Back then, as well as today, providing food and security was the basic task for a person. However, nowadays the range of required goods has expanded significantly. People feel the need for not only some primary things, such as a piece of bread and a roof over their heads, but also for various facilities and luxuries. Providing humanity with these things is connected to the use of natural resources, which requires energy. In turn, the common sources of energy we use today cause pollution, so economic growth is almost unavoidably associated with environmental damage.

Economic growth is the increase in numbers of goods and services produced over time by an economy, and it is calculated in terms of real Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Before growth is calculated, inflation (通货膨胀)is adjusted in order to take into account its mis­leading effect on the price of goods and services. Economic growth can also be explained as the increase in expected output, which results from an increase in actual output, or total de­mand.

There are certain aspects of economic growth which affect the environment. The first of these is the fact that in order to produce more goods and products, at a faster rate, the construction of large industrial plants is required. These plants produce a lot of waste, leading to the pollution of water and the atmosphere, which may cause negative long term health effects to nearby populations of animals, or people. They also lead to global warming.

Industrial manufacturing leads to the constantly increasing energy consumption. The traditional energy sources, which are commonly used nowadays, are considered to be the greatest polluters to the environment. There also exist so-called eco-friendly sources of energy. They are sometimes preferred but replacing the traditional sources with them also requires time, during which people have to make some sacrifices to support these undertakings.

In order to produce economically practical energy, a sometimes significant transformation of the natural site is often inevitable. This is expensive and, has harmful effects on the environment. Application of wind energy would block airflows’ natural speed which is the reason for their decrease in strength, after crossing the windmill. Consequently, the pres­sure balance that is brought about by this current will be affected, and it is important to re­member that the environment and weather conditions are directly affected by atmospheric pressure.

For these reasons, bringing about economic growth without any resulting environmental damage, whatsoever, is impossible.

1.What does the passage mainly talk about?

A． Pollution caused by plant construction.

B． Effects of windmills on the environment.

C． Economic growth and human civilization.

D． Economic growth and environmental damage.

2.What does the underlined word “They” in the third paragraph refer to?

A．Goods and products                     B．The industrial plants

C．Water and atmosphere                   D．Negative health effects

3.According to the passage, the author holds the opinion that ______.

A． economic growth should be calculated in terms of GDP

B． use of natural resources causes no damage to the environment

C． industrial manufacturing may cause damage to the environment

D． a windmill is a perfect way to produce economically practical energy

4.Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?

Tea drinking was common in China for nearly one thousand years before anyone in Europe had ever heard about tea．People in Britain were much slower in finding out what tea was like, mainly because tea was very expensive. It could not be bought in shops and even those people who could afford to have it sent from Holland did so only because it was a fashionable curiosity. Some of them were not sure how to use it. They thought it was a vegetable and tried cooking the leaves. Then they served them mixed with butter and salt. They soon discovered their mistake but many people used to spread the used tea leaves on bread and give them to their children as sandwiches.

    Tea remained scarce and very expensive in England until the ships of the East India Company began to bring it direct from China early in the seventeenth century. During the next few years so much tea came into the country that the price fell and many people could afford to buy it.

   At the same time people on the Continent were becoming more and more fond of tea．Until then tea had been drunk without milk in it, but one day a famous French lady named Madame de Sevigne decided to see what tea tasted like when milk was added．She found it so pleasant that she would never again drink it without milk. Because she was such a great lady her friends thought they must copy everything she did, so they also drank their tea with milk in it. Slowly this habit spread until it reached England and today only very few Britons drink tea without milk.

   At first, tea was usually drunk after dinner in the evening No one ever thought of drinking tea in the afternoon until a duchess (公爵夫人) found that a cup of tea and a piece of cake at three or four o’clock stopped her getting “a sinking feeling” as she called it. She invited her friends to have this new meal with her and so, tea-time was born.

Which of the following is true of the introduction of tea into Britain?

A. The Britons got expensive tea from India. 

B. Tea reached Britain from Holland.

C．The Britons were the first people in Europe who drank tea.

D．It was not until the 17th century that the Britons had tea.

This passage mainly discusses_____________.

A．the history of tea drinking in Britain        B．how tea became a popular drink in Britain

C．how the Britons got the habit of drinking tea       D．how tea-time was born

Tea became a popular drink in Britain.

A．in eighteenth century      B．in sixteenth century

C．in seventeenth century     D．in the late seventeenth century

People in Europe began to drink tea with milk because.

A．it tasted like milk               

B．it tasted more pleasant

C．it became a popular drink

D．Madame de Sevinge was such a lady with great social influence that people tried

   to copy the way she drank tea

1.Many customers are attracted to Bei Restaurant for its ________.

A. brandy fruit cakes                                   B. song-and-dance performances

C. jewelry and leather                           D. art of sushi making

2.If you want to buy some Christmas gifts for your friends, you’d better go to _________.

A. Beijing Minzu Hotel                        B. Grand Millennium Beijing

C. The Peninsula Beijing                       D. Bei Restaurant

3.If you are sure to order delicious Turkey by Dec. 30, you can phone _________.  

A. 010-8516-2888    B. 010-6601-4466   C. 010-6530-9383    D. 010-6410-5230

If you have to miss one meal a day, which meal will cause you fewest health problems if you don’t eat it? If they have to make a decision of this type, most people (especially very busy people) will choose to skip (not to eat) breakfast.

    However, many experts in the field of health consider breakfast (the meal which “breaks” your “fast---- a period of time without eating anything ” which started the night before) to be the most important meal of the day. If we eat a good breakfast, they say, we will have the energy and nutrients we need to begin our working day with vigor and hopefully with good humour. But many people skip breakfast or replace it with snacks or a cup of coffee for a well-balanced meal. What happens if we ignore the importance of breakfast?

   One recent study conducted in the United States tested a large number of people. Participants included both males and females who ranged in age from 12—83. During the experiment, these people were given a variety of breakfasts, and sometimes, they had to skip breakfast completely. Special tests, including blood tests and endurance tests, were set up to analyze how well the participants’ bodies functioned when they had eaten a certain kind of breakfast.

    The result showed that if a person eats an adequate (充足的) breakfast, he or she will work more efficiently and more productively than if he or she skips breakfasts or eats a very poor breakfast. This fact appears to be especially true if a person’s work involves mental activity. The study showed that if schoolchildren eat fruit, eggs, bread and milk before going to school, they will learn more quickly and will be able to concentrate on their lessons for a longer period of time than if their breakfast diet is inadequate .

The study also showed that, contrary to what many people believe, if you skip breakfast, you will not lose weight. This is because people become so hungry if they skip breakfast that they eat too much for lunch and end up gaining weight instead of losing. So remember, if you are on a diet, skipping breakfast will not help you. You will probably lose more weight if you reduce your other meals.

1.

According to the passage, we can safely say _____.

A. if you skip breakfast, you will not lose weight at all

    B. if you skip breakfast, you won’t eat much for lunch either.

    C. skipping breakfast won’t do a bit of harm

    D. skipping breakfast will help one lose weight

2.

In the word “breakfast”, “fast” probably means _____.

A. “moving quickly”               B. “going without food ”

C. “unlikely to go fast”          D. “fast food ”

3.

 Special tests were organized to analyze how participants’ bodies functioned when ______.

A. they had skipped breakfasts      B. they had had breakfasts

C. they had eaten special breakfasts D. they had had all three meals

Many years ago, I owned a service station and roadhouse on the main road between Melbourne and Adelaide.

One very cold, wet night at about 3:30 a.m., there was a   41   on the front door of our house. A young man, wet from   42   to toe , explained that he had    43   out of petrol about 30 km up the road. He had left his pregnant(怀孕的) wife and his two children   44   at the car and said that he would hitchhike(搭便车) back.

Once I had    45    a can with petrol, I took him back to his car where his two-year-old and four-year-old children were both    46   ,saying that they were cold. Once the car had started, I suggested that he    47   me back.

Before leaving, I had turned the heater   48   in the roadhouse, so that when we went in, it was nice and   49   .While the little ones played and ran   50   ,I prepared bread and butter for the children, and hot chocolate for the   51   .

It was about 5 a.m. before they    52   .The young fellow asked me how much he   53   me and I told him that the petrol pump(加油泵) had    54   $15.He offered to pay “call-out fee”, but I wouldn’t accept it.

About a month later, I received a   55    from Interstate, a large bus company that we had been trying to   56   to stop off at our roadhouse for a long time. It   57   out that the young fellow I had helped was its general manager, the most   58   person in the company.

In his letter, he thanked me again and    59   me that, from then on, all their buses would stop at my service station. In this   60   ,a little bit of kindness was rewarded with a huge amount of benefits.

41.A.kick                     B.hit                           C.beat                                D.knock

42.A.finger                         B.shoulder                   C.head                                D.hand

43.A.driven                        B.used                         C.come                               D.run

44.A.away                          B.behind                      C.over                                D.out

45.A.supplied                      B.poured                     C.equipped                         D.filled

46.A.sleeping                      B.crying                      C.quarrelling                       D.fighting

47.A.allow                          B.ring                         C.lead                                D.follow

48.A.on                              B.off                           C.in                                   D.over

49.A.neat                            B.hot                           C.warm                              D.attractive

50.A.around                        B.inside                       C.nearby                             D.along

51.A.drivers                        B.guests                       C.customers                        D.adults

52.A.left                             B.arrived                     C.ate                                  D.disappeared

53.A.gave                           B.paid                         C.owed                               D.offered

54.A.appeared                     B.exhibited             C.calculated                      D.shown

55.A.call                            B.letter                        C.check                              D.notice

56.A.get                            B.force                        C.requite                            D.hope

57.A.pointed                       B.turned                      C.worked                     D.found

58.A.generous                     B.successful                 C.serious                            D.powerful

59.A.praised                       B.persuaded                 C.informed                         D.convinced

60.A.lesson                         B.business                    C.aspect                              D.case