摘要：动词不定式的基本用法:动词不定式能起名词.形容词和副词的作用.可在句中作主语.表语.宾语补足语.定语和状语用.如: (1)作主语:To help each other is good.(动词不定式作主语时.一般可用it作形式主语.而将作主语的动词不定式置于句末.如:It is good to help each other. (2)作表语:My job is to drive them to the power station every day. 动词不定式在系动词be之后作表语.与表示将来时的be + 动词不定式结构有所区别.如:Our plan is to set up another middle school for the peasants’ children.我们的计划是给农民子弟再成立一所中学.(句中的谓语动词为is.动词不定式to set up- 为表语.主语为plan.但plan并不是动词不定式的逻辑主语.即动词不定式 to set up所表示的动作不是主语plan产生的.)We are to set up another middle school for the peasants’ children.我们将为农民的子弟再成立一所中学.(句中的are to set up整个结构为句中谓语.主语为we.同时也是动词不定式to set up所表示的动作的逻辑主语.即动词不定式to set up所表示的动作是由we产生的). (3)作宾语:①作及物动词的宾语.如:She wishes to be a musician.,②作某些形容词的宾语:可以有动词不定式为宾语的形容词一般有glad, sorry, afraid, pleased, determined, willing, eager, anxious, ready, sure等.如:I am determined to give up smoking.,③动词不定式一般不作介词的宾语.但动词不定式之前如有疑问词时.就可作介词的宾语.如:Can you give us some advice on what to do next? (4)作宾语补足语.如:Tell the children not to play on the street. 如果句中的谓语动词为see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等.作宾语补足语的动词不定式须将to省去.如:I saw a little girl run across the street. (5)动词不定式在句中作宾语.如带有宾语补足语时.须先用it作形式宾语.而将该动词不定式后置.如:I don’t think it right to do it that way. (6)作定语:动词不定式作定语时.须位于被其修饰的名词或代词之后.如:Is this the best way to help him? 和定语用的动词不定式如果是不及物动词.不定式后面就要用必要的介词.如:He is the man to depend on. 如果被不定式修饰的名词为place, time, way.不定式后面的介词.习惯上可以省去.如:The old man is looking for a quiet place to live. (7)作状语:动词不定式可以作下列的状语:①目的状语: Every morning he gets up very early to read English. 为了强调不定式表示目的的作用.可在不定式前加in order to或so as to.但应注意in order to位于句首或句中均可.而so as to不能位于句首.如:She reads China Daily every day in order to improve her English. 将表示目的的不定式置于句首.也可强调目的的作用.如:To master a foreign language, one must work hard at it. ②结果状语:They lived to see the liberation of their home town.他们活到亲眼见到了他们家乡的解放.③too + 形容词或副词 + 动词不定式.表示“足能- 的结果.如:You are old enough to take care of yourself now.

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