Rats eat our food or make it so dirty that it isn't fit for people at all. That's why people often kill them by laying down poison. After a day or two, they find the poison still there. The rats haven't touched it, even though it is near the food which they eat. People think they must be clever and cunning. Some scientists have been trying to find the best way to poison rats. They have watched to see just what a rat does day and night. They have found out that rats aren't so clever. They are just very shy.

　　Rats usually live in holes. They run from these holes to the places where they eat and drink. They have special paths on which they travel each time. So they know their paths quite well.

　　If anything new, such as stone or wood, is put in the path, the rats won't go near it at first as they are too frightened. It will take them many days to get over the fear. They are also frightened to go near a place that they know, where something has been taken away. If a path goes around a rock, the rats follow the same path around the rock each time. If the rock is taken away, they will still run round the place where the rock was! They won't cross the empty place, which is now open to them, even though it would be quicker.

　　Rats will always keep away from anything unusual to them. That's why they won't eat poison on the first or second night. They usually won't go anywhere near it for about four days until they get used to being there. Even then they only eat a little at a time.

　　If people want to kill rats with poison, all they have to do is to leave it out for a few days. Once the rats have got used to it, they will eat it and die.

　　1．This passage mainly tells us

　　　　A. how a rat destroys our food

　　　　B. how to poison a rat

　　　　C. what's a rat's habit

　　　　D. poisoning a rat is not easy

　　2．How does the writer feel about rats?

　　　　A. They are clever and cunning.

　　　　B. They are the most dangerous enemy.

　　　　C. They are smart and shy.

　　　　D. It's easy for them to get close to an unknown object.

　　3．________ rats have special paths to travel each time.

　　　　A. Because they live in holes most of the time

　　　　B. To find more food to eat and water to drink

　　　　C. In order not to eat anything poisonous

　　　　D. To protect themselves

　　4．If you want to kill a rat, ________.

　　　　A. you should make it get used to the poison

　　　　B. you should drive it out of the hole

　　　　C. you should place a rock on the path along which it runs

　　　　D. you should make it get over the fear to cross the empty place

 It is not always easy for the public to see ________ use a new invention can be of to human life.

A. whose　　　B. what　　　C. which　　　D. that

Thomas Edison tried two thousand different materials to make the light bulb. When none worked satisfactorily, his assistant　 31　 , “All our work is in vain. We have learned nothing. ”

　 Thomas Edison replied very　 32 , “Oh, we have come a long way and we have 　 33 a lot. We now know that there are two thousand materials which we cannot 34　 to make a good light bulb. ”

　 If we learn from our mistakes, then we are　 35　 . If we learn from someone else’s mistakes, then we are genius. Success is nothing more than a few simple disciplines 　 36　 daily and failure is nothing more than a few small　 37 　 repeated daily.

　 How　 38 the above lines are! Success takes 　 39 . We’ll make mistakes 40 　 we do things in too much of a hurry. When we do not practice disciplines in life, we don’t build enough confidence to 　 41 new and challenging tasks which are important and matter in life. Our confidence　 42 what we think of ourselves and whether we believe in ourselves. We are all born with exceptional　 43　 , but only a few really　 44　 their true potential and make efforts in life and the others just lead a(n)　 45　 life. Do you want to be exceptional?

　 Success is a fruit which everyone wants to 　 46　 but it is not found everywhere and no one can 　 47　 it without serious efforts.

　 Those who want to succeed will find a way; those who don’t will find a(n) 48　 !

　 Success depends upon previous　 49　 , and without it we will end in failure.

　 When you are　 50　 , please enjoy it and give your hand to others who want to accomplish something.

31. A. celebrated　　 B. complained

C. explained　　　　 D. answered

32. A. confidently　　　 B. madly

C. carelessly　　　　　 D. angrily

33. A. remembered　　 B. refused

C. learned　　　　　　 D. ordered

34. A. test　　 B. ignore

C. invent　　　 D. use

35. A. healthy　　 B. enthusiastic

C. intelligent　　　 D. generous

36. A. shown　　 B. prevented

C. recorded　　　 D. practiced

37. A. errors　　 B. machines

C. jobs　　　　 D. steps

38. A. common　　 B. strange

C. familiar　　　　 D. true

39. A. effect　　 B. time

C. drugs　　　　 D. roles

40. A. as though　　 B. so that

C. unless　　　　　 D. if

41. A. keep　　 B. attempt

C. give　　　　 D. see

42. A. depends on　　 B. sets aside

C. turns down　　　　 D. sets up

43. A. appearances　　 B. experiences

C. qualities　　　　　 D. feelings

44. A. own　　 B. realize

C. provide　　 D. research

45. A. active　　 B. hard

C. rich　　　　　 D. average

46. A. sell　　 B. draw

C. eat　　　　 D. praise

47. A. achieve　　　 B. watch

C. offer　　　 　　D. recognize

48. A. story　　 B. excuse

C. key　　　　 D. plan

49. A. preparation　　 B. influence

C. life　　　　　　　 D. generation

50. A. powerful　　 B. wonderful

C. successful　　　 D. hopeful

Professor Martin's report says that children who attend a number of different schools, because their parents have to move around the country, probably make slow progress in their studies. There are also signs, says Professor Martin, that an unusually large number of such children are mentally affected.

　　The professor says, "It's true, my personal feeling is that children should stay in one school. However, our findings are based on research and not on any personal feelings that I or my assistants may have on the subject."

　　Captain Thomas James, an Army lecturer for the past 20 years and him self a father of two, said," I've never heard such rubbish. Taking me for ex ample, no harm is done to the education of my children who change schools regularly－if they keep to the same system, as in our army schools. In my experience, I've known quite a few of them－Army children are as well－adjusted（调整）as any others, if not more so. What the professor doesn't appear to appreciate is the fact that in such situations children will adapt（适应）much better than grown-ups."

　　When this was put to Professor Martin, he said that at no time had his team suggested that all such children were backward or mentally affected in some way, but simply that in their experience there was a clear tendency（倾向）.

　　"Our findings show that while the very bright child can deal with regular changes without harming his or her general progress in studies, the majority of children suffer from constantly having to enter a new learning situation."

　　1．According to this passage, Professor Martin's personal feeling_______.

　　　　A. is the opposite of what his report has shown

　　　　B. is in a way supported by his research

　　　　C. has played a big part in his research

　　　　D. is based on his own experience as a child

　　2．From the passage, we can conclude that Captain James's children_________.

　　　　A. have been affected by changing schools

　　　　B. go to ordinary State schools

　　　　C. can get used to the Army school education

　　　　D. discuss their education regularly with their father

　　3.About children and grown-ups, Captain James says that children______.

　　　　A. are generally well-adjusted

　　　　B. are usually less experienced

　　　　C. can adapt much more easily

　　　　D. can deal with changes quickly

　　4．According to Professor Martin, _________ suffer from changing schools regularly.

　　　　A. Army children

　　　　B. quite a few children

　　　　C. bright children

　　　　D. few children

No country in the world has more daily newspapers than the USA.　There are almost 2000 of them，as compared with 180 in Japan，164 in Argentina and 111 in Britain.　The quality（质量） of some American papers is quite high and their views are used all over the world.　Excellent newspapers like the Washington Post or the New York Times　have a powerful influence（影响） all over　the country.　However，the Post　and the New York Times　are not national newspapers in the sense that The Times is in Britain of Le Monde is in France，since each American city has its own daily newspaper.　The best of these give detailed（详细的）accounts of national and international news，but many tend to limit themselves to state or city news.?

Like the press（报刊） in most other countries，American newspapers report news from the “exciting” and “relaxing” to the serious.　They try to entertain people as well as give information，for they have to compete with the attraction of television.

Just as American newspapers try to satisfy all tastes，they also try to attract readers of all political parties.　A few news papers support extremist（极端主义者） groups on the far right and on the far left，but most daily newspapers try their best to attract middle-of-the-road Americans who are mainly moderate（温和的）.Many of these papers print materials by well?known journalists of different political and social views，in order to give a balanced picture.?

As in other countries American newspapers can be either responsible（负责任的） or irresponsible，but it is generally accepted that the American press serves its country well and that it has more than once exposed political scandals（丑闻），for example，the Watergate Affair（水门事件）.?

1.Which newspaper in the U.　K.　is national？?

A.?Le Monde.　　　　　　　 B.?Washington Post.?

C.?New York Times.　　　　　　 D.?The Times.?

2.Most American newspapers attract readers by carrying　　　　　 .?

A.　national news　　　　　 B.　local news?

C.　international news　　　　 D.　political news?

3.In order to win the competition with television，American newspapers have to　　　 .

A.　give information　　　 B.　give serious news?

C.　give entertainment news　　 D.　give national news?

4.Most daily newspapers attract moderate Americans by　　　　　 .?

A.　printing articles by well-known journalists of different views?

B.　supporting extremist groups?

C.　exposing political scandals?

D.　serving the country well?