摘要：75．What was the author’s purpose when writing this passage ? A．To discuss different methods of pruning . B．To introduce some common knowledge of pruning . C．To explain how trees develop disease . D．To give practical instruction for pruning a tree . (北京市宣武区2006-2007学年度第一学期期末质量检测) 字数2,646 姓名班级日期 2007年月日得分 56-60 BDACD 61-65 CADCA 66-70 ABCAB 71-75 BDDCB (五) A Psychologists tell us that there are four basic stages that human beings pass through when they enter and live in a new culture. This process, which helps us to deal with culture shock, is the way our brain and our personality react to the strange new things we encounter when we move from one culture to another. Culture begins with the "honeymoon stage". This is the period of time when we first arrive in which everything about the new culture is strange and exciting. We may be suffering from "jet lag" but we are thrilled to be in the new environment, seeing new sights, hearing new sounds and language, eating new kinds of food. This stage can last for quite a long time because we feel we are involved in some kind of great adventure. Unfortunately, the second stage can be more difficult. After we have settled down into our new life, we can become very tired and begin to miss our homeland and our family, friends, pets. All the little problems in life seem to be much bigger and more disturbing when you face them in a foreign culture. This period of cultural adjustment can be very difficult and lead to the new arrival rejecting or pulling away from the new culture. The third stage is called the "adjustment stage". This is when you begin to realize that things are not so bad in the host culture. Your sense of humour usually becomes stronger and you realize that you are becoming stronger by learning to take care of yourself in the new place. Things are still difficult, but you are now a survivor! The fourth stage can be called “at ease at last . Now you feel quite comfortable in your new surroundings. You can cope with most problems that occur. You may still have problems with the language, but you know you are strong enough to deal with them. There is a fifth stage of culture shock which many people don't know about. This is called “reverse culture shock . Surprisingly, this occurs when you go back to your native culture and find that you have changed and that things there have changed while you have been away. Now you feel a little uncomfortable back home. Life is a struggle!

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Teachers who are anxious to defend their professional dignity have tried to put the blame on the students. They mentioned their right to privacy 隐私）and for this reason they requested the Ministry of Education (MOE) to prohibit PDAs in schools. On the other hand, some parents and students have taken a different position. They feel that the teacher is also at fault. Caught up in the war of words between both sides, people are no longer interested in the “truth” of the matter which seems now unimportant. It was left to newspapers to discover the central point of the controversial issue, by stressing the problems that are not always easily noticed in our educational system.

For those responsible for educating the young, this PDA incident conveys the message that “Times have changed”，a reality that must have been felt even more strongly by the female teacher when reflecting on this unpleasant experience. Different times call for different professional approaches in education. The ability to understand the students they are teaching has always been the quality of successful teachers. Despite some factors, the incident shows that the teacher lacks good qualities on her part. Besides, the rules under current system to deal with recalcitrant students need to be improved. Also, it is an example which shows the issue we are familiar with: what to do with new technology? With PDA, the new technology, the interaction (交流）between the teacher and students in classroom has been changed.

1.The author’s purpose in writing this passage is to______.

A．improve the teachers’ way of teaching

B．stress the using of PDA in the classroom

C．change the students’ behavior in the classroom

D．discuss the potential problems of educational system

2.The underlined word “recalcitrant” in paragraph 3 probably means______?

A．difficult to control B．interested in nothing

C．unwilling to learn D．ready to obey rules

3.The writer’s attitude toward the PDA incident is______.

A．optimistic B．critical

C．uncertain D．approval

4.What might be the best title for the passage?

A．Whom to blame?

B．The PDA incident

C．Times have changed

D．What to do with new technology?

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Recently, a student used his Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) to film a female teacher scolding and tearing the work of a classmate. The public discussion that the incident caused started on the Internet. However, when it came to the media’s attention, it quickly became a major topic in the education circles. The reactions so far suggest that the focus of the debate has been on one question: whom to blame?
Teachers who are anxious to defend their professional dignity have tried to put the blame on the students. They mentioned their right to privacy 隐私）and for this reason they requested the Ministry of Education (MOE) to prohibit PDAs in schools. On the other hand, some parents and students have taken a different position. They feel that the teacher is also at fault. Caught up in the war of words between both sides, people are no longer interested in the “truth” of the matter which seems now unimportant. It was left to newspapers to discover the central point of the controversial issue, by stressing the problems that are not always easily noticed in our educational system.
For those responsible for educating the young, this PDA incident conveys the message that “Times have changed”，a reality that must have been felt even more strongly by the female teacher when reflecting on this unpleasant experience. Different times call for different professional approaches in education. The ability to understand the students they are teaching has always been the quality of successful teachers. Despite some factors, the incident shows that the teacher lacks good qualities on her part. Besides, the rules under current system to deal with recalcitrant students need to be improved. Also, it is an example which shows the issue we are familiar with: what to do with new technology? With PDA, the new technology, the interaction (交流）between the teacher and students in classroom has been changed.
【小题1】The author’s purpose in writing this passage is to______.

A．improve the teachers’ way of teaching

B．stress the using of PDA in the classroom

C．change the students’ behavior in the classroom

D．discuss the potential problems of educational system

【小题2】The underlined word “recalcitrant” in paragraph 3 probably means______?

A．difficult to control	B．interested in nothing
C．unwilling to learn	D．ready to obey rules

【小题3】The writer’s attitude toward the PDA incident is______.

A．optimistic	B．critical
C．uncertain	D．approval

【小题4】What might be the best title for the passage?

A．Whom to blame?

B．The PDA incident

C．Times have changed

D．What to do with new technology?

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　　NO one should be forced to wear a uniform under any circumstance．Uniforms are demanding to the human spirit and totally unnecessary in a democratic society．Uniforms tell the world that the person who wears one has no value as an individual but only lives to function as a part of a whole．The individual in a uniform loses all self-worth．

　　There are those who say that wearing a uniform gives a person a sense of identification with a larger, more important concept．What could be more important than the individual himself?If an organization is so weak that it must rely on cloth and buttons to inspire its members, that organization has no right to continue its existence．Others say that the practice of making persons wear uniforms, say in a school, eliminates all envy and competition in the matter of dress, such that a poor person who cannot afford good quality clothing need not be played down by a wealthy person who wears expensive, quality clothing．Those persons conveniently ignore such critical concepts as freedom of choice, motivation, and individuality．If all persons were to wear the same clothing, why would anyone strive to be better?It is only a short step from forcing everyone to wear the same clothing to forcing everyone to drive the same car, have the same type of house, eat the same types of foods．When this happens, all incentive(鼓励办法)to improve one's life is removed．Why would parents bother to work hard so that their children could have a better life than they had when they know that their children are going to be forced to have exactly the same life that they had?

　　Uniforms also hurt the economy．Right now, billions of dollars are spent on the fashion industry yearly．Thousands of persons are employed in designing, creating, and marketing different types of clothing．If everyone were forced to wear uniforms, artistic personnel would be unnecessary．Sales persons would be unnecessary as well;why bother to sell the only items that are available?The wearing of uniforms would destroy the fashion industry which in turn would have a ripple effect(连锁反应)on such industries as advertising and promotion．Without advertising, newspapers, magazines, and television would not be able to remain in business．One entire information and entertainment industries would founder．

(1)

The author's primary purpose in writing this passage was to ________．
[　　]
A．	call for the abolishment of uniforms
B．	show that uniforms are not possible in a democratic society
C．	advocate stronger governmental controls on the wearing of uniforms
D．	convince the reader that uniforms have more disadvantages than advantages

(2)

With which of the following would the author most likely disagree?
[　　]
A．	Persons have the right to dress as they please and show off their wealth if they choose to do so
B．	Individuality is a luxury that a large society can no longer afford
C．	Organizations must have more intrinsic(固有的)worth than wearing a uniform would suggest
D．	Freedom of choice is a right that cannot be removed by a government

(3)

Why does the author discuss forcing everyone to buy the same car or eat the same food?
[　　]
A．	To show that freedom of choice is absolute(绝对)
B．	To show that the government has got involved too much in the lives of individuals
C．	To assume what would happen if uniforms became compulsory
D．	To predict the way society will be in the next few generations

(4)

The next paragraph in this passage might discuss ________．
[　　]
A．	the positive effects of wearing uniforms
B．	more negative effects of wearing uniforms
C．	an alternative to weaving uniforms
D．	the legal rights of those not wishing to wear uniforms

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E

Trees should only be pruned (修剪) when there is a good and clear reason for doing so and , he number of such reasons is small . Pruning involves the cutting away of overgrown and unwanted branches , and the inexperienced gardener can be encouraged by the thought that more damage results from doing it unnecessarily than from leaving the tree to grow in its own way .
First , pruning may be done to make sure that trees have desired shape or size . The object may be to get a tree of the right height , and at the same time to help the growth of small side branches , which will thicken its appearance or give it a special shape . Secondly , pruning may be done to make the tree healthier . You may cut out diseased or dead wood , or branches that are rubbing against each other and thus cause wounds . The health of a tree may be encouraged by removing branches that are blocking up the center and so preventing the free movement of air .
One result of pruning is that an open wound is left on the tree and this provides an easy entry for disease , but it is a wound that will heal (愈合) . Often there is a race between the healing and the disease as to whether the tree will live or die , so that there is a period when the tree is at risk . It should be the aim of every gardener to reduce that risk of death as far as possible . It is important to make the area , which has been pruned , smooth and clan , for healing will be slowed down by roughness . You should allow the cut surface to dry for a few hours and then paint it with one of the materials available from garden shops produced especially for this purpose . Pruning is usually done in winter , for then you can see the shape of the tree clearly without interference (妨碍) from the leaves and also it is very unlikely that the cuts you make will bleed . If this does happen , it is , of course , impossible to paint them properly .
71．Why should running be done ?
A．To make the tree grow taller .               B．To improve the shape of the tree .
C．to get rid of the small ranches .             D．To make the small branches thicker .
72．Trees become unhealthy if the gardener         .
A．To help a wound to dry .
B．To cover a rough surface .
C．damages some of the small side branches
D．Allows too many branches to grow in the middle
73．Why is a special material painted on the tree ?
A．To help a wound to dry .                      B．to cover a rough surface .
C．To make a wound smooth .                   D．To prevent disease entering a wound .
74．A good gardener prunes a tree         .
A．several times throughout the year         B．as quickly as possible
C．occasionally when necessary                 D．regularly every winter
75．What was the author’s purpose when writing this passage ?
A．To discuss different methods of pruning .
B．To introduce some common knowledge of pruning .
C．To explain how trees develop disease .
D．To give practical instruction for pruning a tree .

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First , pruning may be done to make sure that trees have desired shape or size . The object may be to get a tree of the right height , and at the same time to help the growth of small side branches , which will thicken its appearance or give it a special shape . Secondly , pruning may be done to make the tree healthier . You may cut out diseased or dead wood , or branches that are rubbing against each other and thus cause wounds . The health of a tree may be encouraged by removing branches that are blocking up the center and so preventing the free movement of air .

One result of pruning is that an open wound is left on the tree and this provides an easy entry for disease , but it is a wound that will heal (愈合) . Often there is a race between the healing and the disease as to whether the tree will live or die , so that there is a period when the tree is at risk . It should be the aim of every gardener to reduce that risk of death as far as possible . It is important to make the area , which has been pruned , smooth and clean , for healing will be slowed down by roughness . You should allow the cut surface to dry for a few hours and then paint it with one of the materials available from garden shops produced especially for this purpose . Pruning is usually done in winter , for then you can see the shape of the tree clearly without interference (妨碍) from the leaves and also it is very unlikely that the cuts you make will bleed . If this does happen , it is , of course , impossible to paint them properly .

68．Why should running be done ?

A．To make the tree grow taller . B．To improve the shape of the tree .

C．to get rid of the small ranches . D．To make the small branches thicker .

69．Trees become unhealthy if the gardener .

A．To help a wound to dry .

B．To cover a rough surface .

C．damages some of the small side branches

D．Allows too many branches to grow in the middle

70．Why is a special material painted on the tree ?

A．To help a wound to dry . B．to cover a rough surface .

C．To make a wound smooth . D．To prevent disease entering a wound .

71．A good gardener prunes a tree .

A．several times throughout the year B．as quickly as possible

C．occasionally when necessary D．regularly every winter

72．What was the author’s purpose when writing this passage ?

A．To discuss different methods of pruning .

B．To introduce some common knowledge of pruning .

C．To explain how trees develop disease .

D．To give practical instruction for pruning a tree .

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E

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