(09·浙江C篇)

Plants can’t communicate by moving or making sounds, as most animals do. Instead, plants

Produce volatile compounds, chemicals that easily change from a liquid to a gas. A flower’s sweet

smell, for example, comes from volatile compounds that the plant produces to attract insects such as

Bugs and bees.

Plants can also detect volatile compounds produced by other plants. A tree under attack by

Hungry insets, for instance, may give off volatile compounds that let other trees know about the

Attack. In response, the other trees may send off chemicals to keep the bugs away ---- or even

Chemicals that attract the bugs’ natural enemies.

     Now scientists have created a quick way to understand what plants are saying: a chemical

Sensor（传感器）called an electronic nose. The “e-nose” can tell compounds that crop plants make

When they’re attacked Scientists say the e-nose could help quickly detect whether plants are being

Eaten by insects. But today the only way to detect such insects is to visually inspect individual

Plants. This is a challenging task for managers of greenhouses, enclosed gardens than can house

Thousands of plants.

     The research team worked with an e-nose than recognizes volatile compounds. Inside the

device, 13 sensors chemically react with volatile compounds Based on these interactions, the

e-nose gives off electronic signals that the scientists analyze using computer software.

    To test the nose, the team presented it with healthy leaves from cucumber, pepper and tomato

plants, all common greenhouse crops. Then scientists collected samples of air around damaged

leaves from each type of crop, These plants had been damaged by insects, or by scientists who made

holes in the leaves with a hole punch（打孔器）.

The e-nose, it turns out, could identify healthy cucumber, pepper and tomato plants based on

The volatile compounds they produce, It could also identify tomato leaves that had been damaged.

But even more impressive, the device could tell which type of damage ---- by insects or with a hole

Punch ---- had been done to the tomato leaves.

With some fine-tuning, a device like the e-nose could one day be used in greenhouses to quickly spot harmful bugs, the researchers say. A device like this could also be used to identify fruits that are perfectly ripe and ready to pick and eat, says Natalia Dudareva, a biochemist at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Ind. who studies smells of flowers and plants. Hopefully, scientists believe, the device could bring large benefits to greenhouse managers in the near future.

49. We learn from the text that plants communicate with each other by____.

A. making some sounds                     B. waving their leaves

C. producing some chemicals                 D. sending out electronic signals

50. What did the scientists do to find out if the e-nose worked?

A. They presented it with all common crops.

B. They fixed 13 sensors inside the device.

C. They collected different damaged leaves.

D. They made tests on damaged and healthy leaves.

51. According to the writer, the most amazing thing about the e-nose is that it can___.

A. pick out ripe fruits

B. spot the insects quickly

C. distinguish different damages to the leaves

D. recognize unhealthy tomato leaves

52 We can infer from the last paragraph that the e-nose_____.

A. is unable to tell the smell of flowers

B. is not yet used in greenhouses

C. is designed by scientists at Purdue

D. is helpful in killing harmful insects

阅读理解

　　Machines in the home have a short story. Sewing machines, washing machines and tumble driers are common enough today, but a hundred years ago few people could imagine such things. However, inventors have designed and built a wide range of household machines since then. In most cases the inventor tried to patent(申请专利)his machine to stop anyone copying it. Then he tried to produce a lot of them. If the machine became popular, the inventor could make a lot of money.

　　In 1790 the first sewing machine was patented. The inventor was an Englishman called Thomas Saint. There was nothing to match his machine for forty years, and then someone built a similar device. He was a Frenchman, Bartelemy Thimonier. Neither of these early machines worked very well, however. It wasn't until 1846 that an inventor came up with a really efficient(高效的)sewing machine. He was an American. Elias Howe and his machine was good enough to beat five skilled sewing women. He didn't make much, money from it, however. The first commercially successful sewing machine was patented by Isaac Singer five years later.

　　Today, we take washing machines for granted, but there was none before 1869. The revolving drum (旋围桶)of that first machine set a pattern for the future, but it was crude by today's standards. The drum was turned by hand, and needed a lot of effort. Eight years passed before someone produced an electric washing machine. The world had to wait even longer for a machine to dry clothes. The first spin－drier was another American invention, patented in 1924 ; but it was 20 years before such machines were widely used.

　　It was yet another American, called Bissell, who introduced the carpet sweeper. He patented the original machine back in 1876. It didn't pick up dirt very well, but it was quicker than a dustpan and brush. Thirty－six years later even the carpet sweeper was oldfashioned：modern homes now had a vacuum cleaner (吸尘器)with an electric motor to suck up the dust.

1．Inveritors patent the inventions so as to ________.

[　　]

A．produce more machines

B．avoid being copied by others

C．made the inventions more popular

D．make more money

2．Whose sewing machine could do the work that was done by five skilled sewing women?

[　　]

3．According to the article, modern inventors

[　　]

A．follow the pattern of the first revolving drum but improve it much

B．only imitate the first washing machine

C．power the first ever－made washing machine by electricity

D．have to wait for the first spin－drier for a long time

4．The word “crude” in the sentence “but it was crude by today's standards” probably means ________.

[　　]

Chanel’s work is without question part of the liberation of women．She threw out a jacket design to women twice during two distinct periods apart：the 1920s and the 1950s．She focused on styles, materials and articles of clothing that were worn by men and also, made sports clothes part of the language of fashion．She couldn’t afford the fashionable clothes of the period — so she made her own, using, say, the sports jackets and ties that were typically male style, where she was climbing her first social ladders．

Throughout the 1920s, Chanel’s social and professional progress continued, and her success grew to the status of legend．Probably the single element that most ensured Chanel’s being remembered is not a piece of clothing but a form of liquid gold — Chanel N°5, which was launched in 1923．It was the first perfume to bear a designer’s name．By the early 1930s she had almost married one of the richest men in Europe, the Duke of Westminster; when she didn’t, her explanation was, “there have been several Duchesses of Westminster．There is only one Chanel．”

It’s not by accident that she became associated with the modern movement that included Picasso, Stravinsky and Cocteau．Like those artists, she was determined to break the convention and invent a way of expressing herself．Cocteau once said of her that “she has, by a kind of miracle, worked in fashion according to rules that would seem to have value only for painters, musicians and poets．”

In the late 1960s, Chanel began her fashion revolution （变革） against society by aiming at the head, with hats．Her boyish “flapper （轻佻女郎）” creations were in sharp contrast to the “Belle Epoque” hats that were in fashion at the time, about which she asked, “How can a brain function under those things?” Actually, her sharp mind is clear in everything she did．She was always commenting：“Fashion is not simply a matter of clothes．Fashion is in the air, born upon the wind．One senses it．It is in the sky and on the road．”

1．The underlined sentence “she was climbing her first social ladders” probably means ______．

       A．she began to be well-known in the society

       B．she climbed the ladders in the jackets she made by herself

       C．she was trying hard to make her design special

       D．she found something better than her own design by climbing higher

2．What do you know about Chanel from Cocteau’s comment on her?

       A．Chanel also knew how to express herself by painting or music．

       B．Chanel had a sharp sense of art and used it in her fashion design．

       C．Chanel put the materials for painters, musicians and poets in fashion design．

       D．It was a miracle for Chanel to work out what could only be done by painters, musicians and poets．

3．Which is TRUE about Chanel N°5?

       A．It was produced with gold added．

       B．It showed her fashion revolution against society．

       C．It was the first fashion design to bear the designer’s name．

       D．It was likely to be the single element marking her unforgettable success．

4．Which can be the best title for the passage?

       A．Liberation of Women                            B．Life of Chanel

       C．Chanel, a Fashion Legend                     D．Fashion Is to Be Sensed

Plants can’t communicate by moving or making sounds, as most animals do. Instead, plants Produce volatile compounds, chemicals that easily change from a liquid to a gas. A flower’s sweet smell, for example, comes from volatile compounds that the plant produces to attract insects such as Bugs and bees.

Plants can also detect volatile compounds produced by other plants. A tree under attack by Hungry insets, for instance, may give off volatile compounds that let other trees know about the Attack. In response, the other trees may send off chemicals to keep the bugs away ——or even  Chemicals that attract the bugs’ natural enemies.

Now scientists have created a quick way to understand what plants are saying: a chemical Sensor（传感器）called an electronic nose. The “e-nose” can tell compounds that crop plants make When they’re attacked Scientists say the e-nose could help quickly detect whether plants are being Eaten by insects. But today the only way to detect such insects is to visually inspect individual Plants. This is a challenging task for managers of greenhouses, enclosed gardens than can house Thousands of plants.

The research team worked with an e-nose than recognizes volatile compounds. Inside the device, 13 sensors chemically react with volatile compounds Based on these interactions, the e-nose gives off electronic signals that the scientists analyze using computer software.

To test the nose, the team presented it with healthy leaves from cucumber, pepper and tomato plants, all common greenhouse crops. Then scientists collected samples of air around damaged leaves from each type of crop, These plants had been damaged by insects, or by scientists who made holes in the leaves with a hole punch（打孔器）. The e-nose, it turns out, could identify healthy cucumber, pepper and tomato plants based on The volatile compounds they produce, It could also identify tomato leaves that had been damaged. But even more impressive, the device could tell which type of damage ---- by insects or with a hole Punch ---- had been done to the tomato leaves.

With some fine-tuning, a device like the e-nose could one day be used in greenhouses to quickly spot harmful bugs, the researchers say. A device like this could also be used to identify fruits that are perfectly ripe and ready to pick and eat, says Natalia Dudareva, a biochemist at Purdue University in West Lafayette, Ind. who studies smells of flowers and plants. Hopefully, scientists believe, the device could bring large benefits to greenhouse managers in the near future.

We learn from the text that plants communicate with each other by____.

A. making some sounds        B. waving their leaves

C. producing some chemicals   D. sending out electronic signals

What did the scientists do to find out if the e-nose worked?

A. They presented it with all common crops.

B. They fixed 13 sensors inside the device.

C. They collected different damaged leaves.

D. They made tests on damaged and healthy leaves.

According to the writer, the most amazing thing about the e-nose is that it can___.

A. pick out ripe fruits

B. spot the insects quickly

C. distinguish different damages to the leaves

D. recognize unhealthy tomato leaves

We can infer from the last paragraph that the e-nose_____.

A. is unable to tell the smell of flowers

B. is not yet used in greenhouses

C. is designed by scientists at Purdue

D. is helpful in killing harmful insects