In the 1960s, many young Americans were dissatisfied with American society. They wanted to end the Vietnam War and to make all of the people in the U.S. equal. Some of them decided to "drop out" of American society and form their own societies. They formed utopian communities, which they called “communes”, where they could follow their philosophy of “do your own thing”. A group of artists founded a commune in southern Colorado called "Drop City." Following the ideas of philosopher and architect Buckminster Fuller, they built dome-shaped houses from pieces of old cars. Other groups, such as author Ken Kesey’s Merry Pranksters, the followers of San Francisco poet Steve Gakin, and a group that called itself the Hog Farm, lived in old school houses and traveled around the United States. The Hog Farm became famous when they helped organize the Woodstock Rock Festival in 1969. Steve Gaskin’s followers tried to settle down on a farm in Tennessee, but they had to leave when some members of the group were arrested for growing marijuana.

　　Not all communes believed in the philosophy of “do your own thing”. However, Twin Oaks, a commune founded in Virgiania in the late 1960s, was based on the ideas of psychologist B.F.Skinner. The people who lived at Twin Oaks were carefully controlled by Skinner’s “conditioning” techniques to do things that were good for the community. In 1972, Italian architect Paolo Soleri began to build Arcosanti, a utopian city Arizsona where 2500 people will live closely together in one large building called an “archeology”. Soleri believes that people must live closely together so that they will all become one.

1.Why did some young Americans decide to “drop out” of society during the 1960s?

　　A. They were not satisfied with American society.

　　B. They wanted to grow marijuana.

　　C. They wanted to go to the Vietnam War.

　　D. They did not want all people to be equal.

2. Where did the members of the Hog Farm commune live?

　　A. In dome-shaped house.         B. In old school houses.

　　C. On a farm in Tennessee.        D. In an archeology in Arizona.

3. Who gave the people of Drop City the idea to build dome-shaped house?

　　A. Paolo Soleri.  　             B. B.G.Skinner.

　　C. Steve Gaskin.                D. Buckminster Fuller.

4. What was the Twin Oaks commune based on?

　　A. The philosophy of “do your own thing”.

　　B. Virginia in the late 1960s.

　　C. The ideas of psychologist.

　　D. The belief that people must live closely together.

5. What is an “archeology”?

　　A. A person who studies archaeology.

　　B. A large building where people live closely together.

　　C. A city in Arizona.

　　D. A technique to control people.

In the 1960s, many young Americans were dissatisfied with American society. They wanted to end the Vietnam War and to make all of the people in the U.S. equal. Some of them decided to "drop out" of American society and form their own societies. They formed utopian communities, which they called “communes”, where they could follow their philosophy of “do your own thing”. A group of artists founded a commune in southern Colorado called "Drop City." Following the ideas of philosopher and architect Buckminster Fuller, they built dome-shaped houses from pieces of old cars. Other groups, such as author Ken Kesey’s Merry Pranksters, the followers of San Francisco poet Steve Gakin, and a group that called itself the Hog Farm, lived in old school houses and traveled around the United States. The Hog Farm became famous when they helped organize the Woodstock Rock Festival in 1969. Steve Gaskin’s followers tried to settle down on a farm in Tennessee, but they had to leave when some members of the group were arrested for growing marijuana.

　　Not all communes believed in the philosophy of “do your own thing”. However, Twin Oaks, a commune founded in Virgiania in the late 1960s, was based on the ideas of psychologist B.F.Skinner. The people who lived at Twin Oaks were carefully controlled by Skinner’s “conditioning” techniques to do things that were good for the community. In 1972, Italian architect Paolo Soleri began to build Arcosanti, a utopian city Arizsona where 2500 people will live closely together in one large building called an “archeology”. Soleri believes that people must live closely together so that they will all become one.

Why did some young Americans decide to “drop out” of society during the 1960s?

　　A. They were not satisfied with American society.

　　B. They wanted to grow marijuana.

　　C. They wanted to go to the Vietnam War.

　　D. They did not want all people to be equal.

Where did the members of the Hog Farm commune live?

　　A. In dome-shaped house.         B. In old school houses.

　　C. On a farm in Tennessee.        D. In an archeology in Arizona.

Who gave the people of Drop City the idea to build dome-shaped house?

　　A. Paolo Soleri.  　             B. B.G.Skinner.

　　C. Steve Gaskin.                D. Buckminster Fuller.

What was the Twin Oaks commune based on?

　　A. The philosophy of “do your own thing”.

　　B. Virginia in the late 1960s.

　　C. The ideas of psychologist.

　　D. The belief that people must live closely together.

What is an “archeology”?

　　A. A person who studies archaeology.

　　B. A large building where people live closely together.

　　C. A city in Arizona.

　　D. A technique to control people.

Water costs money．In some places water is hard 16  ．What 17  when a town has these problems？A small town in California found a happy  18  ．
　　Very 19 rain  fell there．The town had no water  of its 20 ．The water it used was  21  from a river 300 miles away．As more people   22  live in the town，   23   water was needed．Now water   24  to be brought in from 600 miles away．All these cost  25  money．
　　The town 26 a plan．It found 27   to clean its “dirty” water．Once the cleaned water was reused  28  many ways．Five  29  lakes were built．Here people could swim and fish and go   30  ．They  31 have picnics in their new parks．Farmers had more water 32  their crops．New factories can be built，because they have  33 ．
　　In most places，water is used and thrown 34 ．The town that saved  35  water has saved the town！

　"Mark Twain" was the name used by Samuel Langhorne Clemens (1835-1910) when he wrote books. His father was a lawyer, but a poor one, who lived at Florida, Missouri. The family was so poor that Samuel did not receive much teaching. He had to learn all that he could from the people whom he met. His father died when he was very young, and then there was even less money than before.

　　Many of the men in this part of America worked in the ships on the great River Mississippi, and he did this himself at one time (1857).

　　Where did he find the name "Mark Twain"? It came from the great river itself. It was part of one of the cries used by men who worked in the ships. When a man called "By the mark twain!" he meant that the river was "two marks deep" there, that is to say, six feet deep ( "Twain" is an old form of the work "Two".) Samuel Clemens often heard these words when he was young, and he used them as a penname all his life.

　　During his work on the Mississippi he met travelers of all kinds, and this helped him a great deal when he started to write. But the number of travelers became smaller when war started in America in 1861. Many of the great ships on the river stopped work. Samuel left then and went to Nevada with his brother, who was at that time Governor of Nevada. There, near the town of Carson, Samuel became a gold miner, but he never made much money at the time. He soon saw that life in the gold mines was not for him. He also tried writing for the newspapers in Nevada, and this seemed more hopeful. He found that he could write.

　　He went to Europe in 1867 and visited France and Italy. In 1870 he married Olivia Langdon, and two years later he was spending nearly all his time writing. Among his books is his own story (1908).

　　He is now always known as Mark Twain, and many people do not even know that his family name was Clemens. He traveled in America and in England, and went to Oxford in 1907. He was one of the great American writers of the time, and could make his readers laugh – a thing which few writers can do. He died in 1910.

"Mark Twain" was _________.

 A. a famous American writer    B. name of a book      

 C. a great river in America      D. a large ship

As a child, Samuel did not get much education because _________.

 A. his father died too early          B. the family was very poor 

C. he disliked school very much

D. he could learn what he liked from the people he met

What gave him a great deal when he started writing? _______

 A. His poor childhood               B. The Mississippi river   

 C. All kinds of travelers he met        D. His brother

We can infer from the passage that ________.

 A. Samuel loved writing from his early age  

 B. Samuel did not love writing at the beginning

 C. his writings to the newspaper were successful            

 D. his brother encouraged him to write more

According to the writer of the passage, a good writer could _________.

A.write a lot for his readers            B. make a lot of money for his family

C. cause his readers to laugh           D. travel everywhere he wanted

第二节完型填空（共20小题；每小题1分，满分20分）

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从第21—40各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卷上将该项涂黑。

A group of class friends, highly established in their careers, got together to visit their old university professor. Conversation soon  41  into complaints about pressure in work and life.

While the guests were talking, the professor went to the  42  and prepared coffee. Then he   43  with a large pot of coffee and a variety of cups — porcelain (瓷) , plastic, glass, crystal, some  44  looking, some expensive, some delicate (精致) — telling them to  45  themselves to the coffee.

When all the students had a cup of coffee  46　 hand, the professor said, “If you noticed, all the nice-looking, expensive cups were taken up,  47  behind the plain and cheap ones. While it is  48  for you to choose the best for yourselves, that is the  49  of your problems and pressure. Be assured that the cup itself  50  no quality to the coffee. In most cases it is just more expensive and in some cases even hides what we drink. Though  51  all of you really wanted was coffee, not the cup, you  52  the best cups directly. And then you began  53  each other’s cups.”

The professor paused and then went on, “Now consider this: Life is the coffee and the jobs, money and  54  in society are the cups. They are just tools to hold and  55  life and they do not change the  56  of life. Sometimes, by concentrating only on the cup, we  57  to enjoy the coffee God has  58  for us. God brews the coffee, not the cup…Enjoy your coffee!

The happiest people don’t have the best of everything. They just  59  the best use of everything.

Live simply. Love generously. Care deeply. Speak kindly. Leave the  60  to God.

41. A. stopped              B. looked            C. became           D. turned

42. A. kitchen              B. bedroom         C. study                D. living-room

43. A. went                  B. got                  C. returned           D. turned

44. A. plain                  B. clean              C. ugly                  D. fine

45. A. enjoy               B. help                      C. offer                D. devote

46. A. for                  B. by                   C. in                    D. with

47. A. falling                    B. leaving            C. hiding               D. keeping

48. A. natural                B. formal            C. necessary      D. important

49. A. answer                B. cause               C. result                D. reason

50. A. adapts                 B. puts              C. applies             D. adds

51. A. as             B. that              C. what                 D. which

52. A. cared for          B. called for     C. looked for       D. went for

53. A. facing                B. eyeing            C. smelling       D. tasting

54. A. condition            B. attitude           C. position        D. situation

55. A. contain              B. include           C. control                 D. experience

56. A. quality                      B. color         C. cost          D. style

57. A. manage         B. start                 C. hope            D. fail

58. A. shown              B. taken        C. sent           D. provided

59. A. keep            B. make                     C. take                 D. hold

60. A. complex         B. remains           C. rest              D. complaints