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阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
As we know, it is very important that a firm should pay attention to the training of its staff as there exist many weak pats in its various departments. Staff training must have a purpose, which is decided when a firm considers its training needs, which are in turn based on job descriptions and job specifications. A job description should give details of the performance that is required for a particular job, and a job specification should give information about the behavior, knowledge and skills that are expected of an employee who works in it. When all of this has been collected, it is possible to make a training specification. This specifies(详述) what the Training Department must teach for the successful performance of the job, and also the best methods to use in the training period.
There are many different training methods, and there are advantages and disadvantages of all of them. Successful training programs depend on an understanding of the difference between learning about skills and training in using them. It is frequently said that learning about skills takes place “off the job” in the classroom, but training in using these skills takes place “on the job”, by means of such activities as practice in the workshop.
It is always difficult to evaluate (评估) the costs and savings of a training program. The success of such a program depends not only on the methods used but also on the quality of the staff who do the training. A company can often check on savings in time and cost by examining the work performed by the workers and technicians who have completed a training program. The evaluation of management training is much more complex than that.
1．A training specification specifies
[ ]
A．the performance required for a certain job
B．the behavior, knowledge, and skills expected of an employee
C．the training contents and methods
D．the costs and savings of the program
2．Based on the third paragraph, the success of a training program depends on ________.
[ ]
A．the places where the training takes place
B．the correct evaluation of the costs and savings of the program
C．the performance of the workers and technicians trained in the program
D．the training methods and the quality of the training staff
3．According to the passage, if we want to be successful in our training programs, we must understand the difference between ________.
[ ]
A．“off the job” and “on the job”
B．what is taught and how it is taught
C．learning about skills and training in using them
D．the savings in time and the savings in cost
4．According to the passage, which of the following statements is NOT true?
[ ]
A．As there exist weak parts in different departments of a firm, the training of its staff is highly necessary.
B．A training specification is based on the information collected from a job description and a job specification.
C．Training in using skills and learning about skills usually do not happen at the same place.
D．It is easier to evaluate management training than the training of workers and technicians.
5．Which could be the best title for this passage?
[ ]
A．A successful Training Program.
B．How to Describe and Specify a Job.
C．Staff training.
D．The Importance of Training Workers and Technicians.
查看习题详情和答案>>Burning the midnight oil before an exam or interview has an opposite effect according to a research which found that sleep is necessary for memories to be “downloaded” into the brain.
“A good night’s sleep within 30 hours of trying to remember a new task is a necessary condition of having good recall（回忆）in the weeks ahead,” scientists have found.
“We think that getting that first night’s sleep starts the process of memory consolidation（加强）,” said Robert Stickgold, a sleep researcher at Harvard Meidical School who conducted the latest study.
“It seems that memories are normally washed out of the brain unless some process nails them down. I feel uncertain that sleep is one of those things that do the nailing down,” Professor Stickgold said.
Professor Stickgold’s team trained the 24 people to tell direction of three diagonal bars（斜线）shown for a sixtieth of a second on a computer screen full of horizontal stripes（水平线）.
Half the subjects were kept awake that night, while the others slept. Both groups were allowed to sleep for the second and third nights so make up for any differences in tiredness between the volunteers（志愿者）.
Those who slept the first night were much better at remembering the task while the second ground showed no improvement in spite of enjoying two nights of catch-up sleep.
A further study by scientists at the Medical University at Lubeck Germany showed that memories are laid down in two stages during the night. The first is during the deep, so-called “slow wave” sleep, which usually takes place in the first half of the night. The second, and less important stage happens during the period of dreaming or “rapid eye movement (REM)”. When people don’t sleep well in the first half of the night, their memory consolidation is almost the same as having no sleep at all.
1.Which of the following statements is correct according to Paragraph 1?
A. It is necessary to burn the midnight oil before an exam or interview.
B. Sleep speeds up the loss of memory.
C. Man should have a good sleep if he wants to keep a good memory.
D. Staying up late will make you better prepared for an exam or interview.
2. It can be inferred from Paragraph 4 that _____.
A. some process helps memories to be washed out of the brain
B. professor Stickgold is doubtful about whether sleep can make memories better
C. some memories normally influence the function of the brain
D. sleep improves the condition of memories
3. How was the research conducted by Professor Stickgold?
A. The subjects were divided into two groups
B. All the subjects were kept awake for 3 nights
C. One group slept at the first night but was kept awake the next two nights
D. One group was kept awake for 3 nights but the other slept for the second and third nights
4. The best title of this passage is _____.
A. Sleep is Necessary for Memories
B. The Importance of the First Stage of Sleep
C. Studies Made by Scientists About Sleep
D. The Scientists’ Achievement in Sleep Research
查看习题详情和答案>>Burning the midnight oil before an exam or interview has an opposite effect according to a research which found that sleep is necessary for memories to be “downloaded” into the brain.
“A good night’s sleep within 30 hours of trying to remember a new task is a necessary condition of having good recall（回忆）in the weeks ahead,” scientists have found.
“We think that getting that first night’s sleep starts the process of memory consolidation（加强）,” said Robert Stickgold, a sleep researcher at Harvard Meidical School who conducted the latest study.
“It seems that memories are normally washed out of the brain unless some process nails them down. I feel uncertain that sleep is one of those things that do the nailing down,” Professor Stickgold said.
Professor Stickgold’s team trained the 24 people to tell direction of three diagonal bars（斜线）shown for a sixtieth of a second on a computer screen full of horizontal stripes（水平线）.
Half the subjects were kept awake that night, while the others slept. Both groups were allowed to sleep for the second and third nights so make up for any differences in tiredness between the volunteers（志愿者）.
Those who slept the first night were much better at remembering the task while the second ground showed no improvement in spite of enjoying two nights of catch-up sleep.
A further study by scientists at the Medical University at Lubeck Germany showed that memories are laid down in two stages during the night. The first is during the deep, so-called “slow wave” sleep, which usually takes place in the first half of the night. The second, and less important stage happens during the period of dreaming or “rapid eye movement (REM)”. When people don’t sleep well in the first half of the night, their memory consolidation is almost the same as having no sleep at all.
1. Which of the following statements is correct according to Paragraph 1?
A. It is necessary to burn the midnight oil before an exam or interview
B. Sleep speeds up the loss of memory
C. Man should have a good sleep if he wants to keep a good memory
D. Staying up late will make you better prepared for an exam or interview
2. It can be inferred from Paragraph 4 that _____.
A. some process helps memories to be washed out of the brain
B. professor Stickgold is doubtful about whether sleep can make memories better
C. some memories normally influence the function of the brain
D. sleep improves the condition of memories
3. How was the research conducted by Professor Stickgold?
A. The subjects were divided into two groups
B. All the subjects were kept awake for 3 nights
C. One group slept at the first night but was kept awake the next two nights
D. One group was kept awake for 3 nights but the other slept for the second and third nights
4. The best title of this passage is _____.
A. Sleep is Necessary for Memories B. The Importance of the First Stage of Sleep
C. Studies Made By Scientists About Sleep D. The Scientists’ Achievement in Sleep Research
查看习题详情和答案>>
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Burning the midnight oil before an exam or interview has an opposite effect according to a research which found that sleep is necessary for memories to be “downloaded” into the brain.
“A good night's sleep within 30 hours of trying to remember a new task is a necessary condition of having good recall in the weeks ahead，” scientists have found.
“We think that getting that first night's sleep starts the process of memory consolidation(加强)，” said Robert Stickgold, a sleep researcher at Harvard Medical School who conducted the latest study.
“It seems that memories are normally washed out of the brain unless some process nails them down. I feel uncertain that sleep is one of those things that do the nailing down，” Professor Stickgold said.
Professor Stickgold's team trained the 24 people to tell the direction of three diagonal bars (斜线) shown for a sixtieth of a second on a computer screen full of horizontal stripes(水平线)．
Half the subjects were kept awake that night, while the others slept. Both groups were allowed to sleep for the second and third nights to make up for any differences in tiredness between the volunteers.
Those who slept the first night were much better at remembering the task while the second group showed no improvement in spite of enjoying two nights of catch－up sleep.
A further study by scientists at the Medical University at Lubeck in Germany showed that memories are laid down in two stages during the night. The first is during the deep, so－called “slow wave” sleep, which usually takes place in the first half of the night. The second, and less important stage happens during the periods of dreaming or “rapid eye movement (REM)”. When people don't sleep well in the first half of the night, their memory consolidation is almost the same as having no sleep at all.
1. Which of the following statements is CORRECT according to the first paragraph?
A. It is necessary to burn the midnight oil before an exam or interview.
B. Sleep speeds up the loss of memory.
C. Man should have a good sleep if he wants to keep a good memory.
D. Staying up late will make you better prepared for an exam or interview.
2. It can be inferred from the fourth paragraph that________.
A. some process helps memories to be washed out of the brain
B. Professor Stickgold is doubtful about whether sleep can make memories worse
C. some memories normally influence the function of the brain
D. sleep may can improve the condition of memories
3. How was the research conducted by Professor Stickgold?
A. The subjects were divided into two groups.
B. All the subjects were kept awake for 3 nights.
C. One group slept at the first night but was kept awake the next two nights.
D. One group was kept awake for 3 nights but the other slept for the second and third nights.
4. What was the study result of the scientists' at the Medical University at Lubeck?
A. REM sleep is not important at all for the consolidation for memory.
B. Intellectual performance mainly depends on the slow wave sleep period.
C. When people sleep poorly in the first half of the night, it is almost the same as having no sleep at all.
D. REM sleep is as important as slow wave sleep in terms of memory recall.
5. The BEST title of this passage is “________”．
A. Sleep Necessary for Memories
B. The Importance of the First Stage of Sleep
C. Studies Made by Scientists About Sleep
D. The Scientists' Achievement in Sleep Research
查看习题详情和答案>>