阅读表达（共5小题；每小题3分，满分15分）

       阅读下面的短文，并根据要求答题。（请注意问题后的字数要求）。

       "Wow, you got an A without even studying．"

       "Your drawing is wonderful --you're my little Picasso．"

       If you're like most parents, you offer praise to your children believing it is the key to their success．But according to a new study, praise may do more harm than good．

       For the study, after a simple IQ test, one group was told it did really well and must be very smart．The other group was told it did really well and must have worked hard． One group was praised for intelligence,                  .

       Asked if they wanted to take a slightly harder test, the kids praised for their intelligence were unwillingly．Of those praised for their effort, however, 90 percent were eager for a more challenging task．And on a final test the effort group performed significantly better than the group praised for its intelligence．

       Many of the kids who had been labeled "smart" performed worst of all．The "hard workers" got the message that they could improve their scores by trying harder, but the "smart" kids believed they should do well without any effort．Thus, kids who get too much praise are less likely to take risks, are highly sensitive to failure and are more likely to give up when faced with a challenge．

       Tips for Parents:

       ◆Avoid labels．Praising for effort sends the message that your child has the power to improve and change．Be mindful of labeling yourself and others．

       ◆Teach kids from an early age that the brain is a muscle that can be strengthened with practice．This sends the message that kids can directly affect their intelligence．

       ◆Parents often praise their kids to make themselves feel good, or to protect their kids from failure．But it's vital for parents to help their kids to learn to deal with setbacks and to help them focus on ways to improve．

1.What is the best title of the passage? （ Please answer within 10 words．）

2.Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?

       As a result of much praise, kids will lack enough courage to risk and face failure and a challenge．

3.Please fill in the blank in the fourth paragraph with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence．（Please answer within 10 words．）

4.If your parents praise you too much, what should you do7 Why7 （Please answer within 30 words．）

5.Translate the underlined sentence in the last paragraph into Chinese.

Some of the United States’ biggest banks have closed their doors to students at community colleges, for-profit universities and other less competitive schools, even as they continue to extend government-backed loans to students at eh nation’s top universities.

Citibank has been among the most active in rebuilding the list of colleges it serves. JPMorgan Chase, PNC and SunTrust say have not dropped whole loan plans, but are cutting colleges. Some less-selective four-year colleges, like Eastern Oregon University and William Jessup University, say they have been dropped by some lenders.

The practice suggests  that if the credit crisis and poor conditions in the student loan business continue, some of the nation’s neediest students will be hurt most. The difficulty of borrowing money may keep them from attending school or force them to take a semester（学期） off.  For those who have got student loans, they will end up with less attractive terms and may run a greater risk of dropping out if they have to change lenders in the middle of their college year.

Tuition and loan amounts can be quite small at community colleges. But these institutions, which are a stepping stone to other educational programs or to better jobs, often draw students from the lower ranks of the economic classes. According to the most recent data, about a third of US graduates took out loans, a majority of them guaranteed by the government.

“If put too many obstacles in their way to get a loan, they ’ll take a third job or use a credit card,” said Jacqueline K. Bradley, assistant director for financial aid at Mendocino College. “That almost guarantees that they won’t be as successful in their college career.”

Some loan companies have stopped the students loan business entirely, viewing it as unprofitable in the current environment. Students attending first-class, expensive, public and private four-year universities can expect to remain plentiful. The banks generally say these loans are bigger, more profitable, and less risky, perhaps in part because the banks expect graduates from these universities to earn more.

So far, financial aid administrators say they have been able to find some lenders that students can switch to, but this is costly to students--- in money and time.

59. Who will be the most upset at the news?

A. A poor students at a top university.          B. A poor students at a community university.

C. A bank clerk dealing with student loan business.

D. A teacher from a for-profitable university.

60. With too many obstacles in their way to get a loan, students will probably __________.

A. switch to top universities                       B. cancel their credit cards

C. fail in their exams                                 D. win a scholarship

61. When they say something is “government-backed”, you mean it is ___________.

A. guaranteed by the government                B. dropped by the government

C. against government                               D. for government

62. What is the best title for the passage?

A. The students loan business in America.    B. Banks and universities in America.

C. Student loans start to drop colleges.        D. Credit crisis starts to affect loans.

In the rush to get to school, you drop a piece of toast on the floor. Do you throw it away or decide it’s still OK to eat? If you’re like most people, you eat it. Maybe you follow the “5-second rule”, which claims foods are safe to eat if you pick them up within 5 seconds after dropping them.      
But you might want to think again. Scientists now say that 5 seconds is all it takes for foods to become polluted with enough bacteria（细菌）to make you sick.
Bacteria can cause many kinds of illnesses. Some kinds of bacteria can grow on food. If you eat foods on which these bacteria are growing, you can become sick.
One of these food-borne bacteria is Salmonella. It makes 1.4 million people sick every year. Salmonella is often found in raw eggs and chicken. Cooking kills these bacteria, which is why it is so important to cook eggs, chicken, and other foods thoroughly.
But how long does it take these bacteria to pollute food? A team of scientists in South Carolina did an experiment. First, they placed an amount of Salmonella on three surfaces; wood, tile (瓦片), and carpet. They placed a piece of bread and a piece of bologna（一种大红肠）on each surface for 5, 30, or 60 seconds. After just 5 seconds, both the bread and the bologna picked up enough bacteria to make you sick.
So, forget the 5-second rule. If your toast drops on the floor, throw it away and get another piece of clean toast. And this time, be careful not to drop it!
【小题1】In which part of a newspaper can you most probably find this passage?

A．throw away dirty toast immediately and go away

B．pick up the toast as quickly as possible and eat it

C．eat the toast within 5 seconds and feel pleased

D．get another piece of clean toast quickly and eat it