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of about 3, 000 difficult words, each followed by a one-word definition.
The author, Robert Cawdrey, made no attempt to include everyday words in his dictionary. No one, he
reasoned, would ever have to look up a word in a dictionary if he already knew the meaning of the word.
During the 1600's more dictionaries were published. Each followed Cawdrey's lead and presented a few
thousand hard words. Around 1700 one dictionary maker, John Kersey, did define easy words as well as hard
words. But until the 1750's all the dictionaries were rather crude and not very valuable.
A man named Dr Samuel Johnson changed all this. In 1755 Dr Johnson produced the first modern
dictionary. He included in his dictionary all important words, both easy and hard, and he gave good meanings.
He also gave good sentences to show how each word was actually used in speech and in writing. By the end
of the 1700's most dictionary makers had followed Johnson's example. Dictionaries were getting better and
better.
The 1800's saw the greatest improvement in the quality of dictionaries. In England scholars planned and
prepared the Oxford English Dictionary, a twenty-volume (卷；册；部) work. One of the most interesting
features of the Oxford Dictionary is its word histories. It traces (追溯；探索) the history of each word from
its earliest recorded use up to the time of the printing of the dictionary.
B. was just a list of difficult words with one-word definitions
C. included a number of everyday words
D. was considered to be a very valuable one
B. only defined hard words
C. defined both easy words as well as hard words
D. were far from being perfect
B. It was the first modern English dictionary.
C. It included easy words as well as hard ones.
D. It gave sentences to show the usage of words.
B. it gave sentences showing how each word was actually used
C. it was a 20-volume work
D. it showed the history of each word
B. the origin of English dictionaries
C. the development of English dictionaries
D. the features of English dictionaries
are technical words. When there is a new invention of discovery, a new word may be coined (杜撰) after the
inventor or scientist.
It is interesting to observe how many common words have found their way into the language from the
names of people. Lord Sandwich, who lived from 1718-1792, used to sit at the gambling (赌博) table eating
bread with meat in between. As the Lord was the only one among his friends who ate bread in that way, his
friends began to call the bread "sandwich" for fun. Later on,the word became part of the English language.
The word "boycott" means to refuse to have anything to do with somebody or something. It comes from
a man called Captain Boycott. He was a land agent in 1880 and he collected rents and taxes for an English
landowner in Ireland. But the Captain was a very harsh (苛刻的) man. He treated his poor tenants (佃户) very
badly. His tenants decided not to speak to him at all. Eventually word got back to the landowner and the
Captain was removed (免除). The word "boycott" became popular and was used by everyone to mean the kind
of treatment that was received by Captain Boycott.
B. languages
C. English words
D. new discoveries
B. the friends of Lord Sandwich
C. inventors
D. scientists
B. the English landowner
C. the harsh land agent
D. to speak
branch of the great Appalachian family, and can be seen to the west rising up to a noble height and towering
over the surrounding country. When the weather is fair and settled, they are clothed in blue and purple, and
print their beautiful shapes on the clear evening sky, but sometimes when it is cloudless, gray steam gathers
around the top of the mountains which, in the last rays of the setting sun, will shine and light up like a crown
of glory (华丽的皇冠).
At the foot of these mountains, a traveler may see light smoke going up from a village.
In that village, and in one of the houses (which, to tell the exact truth, was sadly time-worn and weather-
beaten), there lived many years ago, a simple, good-natured fellow by the name of Rip Van Winkle.
Rip's great weakness was a natural dislike of all kinds of money-making labor. It could not be from lack
of diligence (勤劳), for he could sit all day on a wet rock and fish without saying a word, even though he
was not encouraged by a single bite. He would carry a gun on his shoulder for hours, walking through woods
and fields to shoot a few birds or squirrels. He would never refuse to help a neighbor, even in the roughest
work. The women of the village, too, used to employ him to do such little jobs as their less helpful husbands
would not do for them. In a word, Rip was ready to attend to everybody's business but his own.
If left to himself, he would have whistled ( 吹口哨) life away in perfect satisfaction; but his wife was
always mad at him for his idleness (懒散). Morning, noon, and night, her tongue was endlessly going, so that
he was forced to escape to the outside of the house-the only side which, in truth, belongs to a henpecked
husband.
B. They are very high and beautiful in this area.
C. They can be seen from the Appalachian family.
D. They gather beautiful clouds in blue and purple.
B. idle and hates all kinds of jobs
C. simple, idle but very dutiful
D. gentle, helpful but a little idle
B. is afraid of hens
C. loves his wife
D. is afraid of his wife
B. A Mountain Village.
C. Rip Van Winkle.
D. A Dutiful Husband.
阅读理解
The fast English dictionary was published in 1604. The dictionary was actually nothing more than a list of about 3,000 difficult words, each followed by a one - word definition (定义). The author (作者), Robert Cawdrey, made no attempt to include everyday words in his dictionary. No one, he reasoned (推理), would ever have to look up a word in a dictionary if he already knew the meaning of the word. During the 1600’s more dictionaries were published. Each followed Cawdrey’s lead and presented a few thousand hard words. Around 1700 one dictionary maker, John Kersey, did define (下定义) easy words as well as hard words. But until the 1750’s all the dictionaries were rather crude (粗制滥造的) and not very valuable (有价值的).
A man named Dr. Samuel Johnson changed all this. In 1755 Dr. Johnson produced the first modern dictionary. He included in his dictionary all important words, both easy and hard, and he gave good meanings, He also gave good sentences to show how each word was actually used in speech and in writing. By the end of the 1700’s most dictionary makers had followed Johnson’s example. Dictionaries were getting better and better.
The 1800’s saw the greatest improvement (改善) in the quality of dictionaries. In England scholars (学者) planned and prepared the Oxford English Dictionary, a twenty volume (卷) work. One of the most interesting features (特点) of the Oxford Dictionary is its word histories. It traces (追溯) the history of each word from its earliest recorded use up to the time of the printing of the dictionary.
1．The first English Dictionary ________.
[ ]
A．defined easy words as well as hard ones
B．was just a list of difficult words with one - word definitions
C．included a number of everyday words
D．was considered to be a very valuable one
2．According to the passage, before 1755 all English dictionaries ________.
[ ]
A．were of no value
B．only defined hard words
C．defined both easy words as well as well as hard words
D．were far from being perfect
3．Which of the following is not true about Dr. Johnson’s dictionary?
[ ]
A．It was not very valuable.
B．It was the first modem English dictionary.
C．It included easy words as well as hard ones.
D．It gave sentences to show the usage of words.
4．The most interesting feature of the Oxford Dictionary was that ________.
[ ]
A．it had a complete list of difficult words
B．it gave sentences showing how each word was actually used
C．it was a 20 - volume work
D．it showed the history of each word
5．This passage is mainly about ________.
[ ]
A．the difference of English Dictionaries
B．the origin of English Dictionaries
C．the development of English Dictionaries
D．the features of English Dictionaries.
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