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I once had a house guest from Cuba. During his visit, I happened to throw an old broken blender (搅拌机) in the trash. The next day it was sitting on my counter – in working order. In his world, people simply cannot afford to replace an item which doesn't work properly. They take the time and figure out how to fix it. In Cuba, they are still driving cars from the 1960’s, mainly because they do not have a choice.
In contrast, the U.S. is a “throw-away society.” Statistics show that each American produces six pounds of trash per day. I believe a combination of factors has contributed to this phenomenon.
“Planned obsolescence(废弃)” is not a secret. It is a manufacturing (制造业) philosophy developed in the 1920’s and 1930’s, when mass production became popular. The goal is to make a product or part that will fail, or become less desirable over time or after a certain amount of use. This pressures the consumer to buy again.
Planned obsolescence does keep costs down. Instead of making an expensive product that will last a long time, businesses produce more affordable, disposable(一次性的) items. Some electronic items have become so inexpensive that it is cheaper to replace them than to repair them.
Busy people often value their time and convenience more than money. If a car starts to have mechanical problems, replacing it with a newer, more reliable model may be more appealing than tolerating it being in the garage for a week.
In addition, advertising trains consumers to want what is new and improved. It convinces them that the more they have, the happier they will be.
Unlike people in many developing countries, we live in a world of abundance. A study by Dr. Timothy Jones of the University of Arizona also found that in the U.S., 40-50 percent of all food ready for harvest is wasted. Abundance and waste soon became closely associated in the American way of life.
1.In Cuba, people usually fix a broken item instead of buying a new one because __________.
A. wasting is prohibited there B. they are poor
C. they are interested in fixing things D. they live a low-carbon life
2.According to the article, planned obsolescence ___________.
A. began before mass production became popular
B. is intended to encourage consumers to buy more things
C. results in higher prices of items
D. requires factories to produce high-quality products
3.Which of the following is NOT true about the “throw-away society” in the U.S.?
A. People prefer to buy a new blender rather than repair the broken one.
B. A large quantity of food has been wasted.
C. People believe that the more they have, the happier they will be.
D. People all hold the belief that money comes first.
4.What may be the writer’s attitude towards a throw-away society?
A. Supportive. B. Critical. C. Tolerant. D. Optimistic.
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When Scotsman Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876, it was a revolution in communication. For the first time, people could talk to each other over great distances almost as clearly as if they were in the same room. Nowadays, though, we increasingly use Bell’s invention for taking photographs, accessing the internet, or watching video clips, rather than talking. Over the last two decades a new means of spoken communication has appeared: the mobile phone.
The first real mobile telephone call was made in 1973 by Dr Martin Cooper, the scientist who invented the modem mobile handset（手机）. Within a decade, mobile phones became available to the public. The streets of modem cities began to feature sharp-suited characters shouting into giant plastic bricks. In Britain the mobile phone quickly became the same with the “yuppie”, the new type of young urban professionals who carried the expensive handsets as status symbols. Around this time many of us said that we would never own a mobile phone.
But in the mid-90s, something happened. Cheaper handsets and cheaper calling rates meant that, almost overnight, it seemed that everyone had a mobile phone. And the giant plastic bricks of the 80s had changed into smooth little objects that fitted nicely into pockets and bags.
Moreover, people’s timekeeping changed. Younger readers will be amazed to know that, not long ago, people made spoken arrangements to meet at a certain place at a certain time. But later Meeting time became approximate under the new order of communication: the Short Message Service （SMS） or text message. Going to be late? Send a text message! It takes much less effort than arriving on time, and it’s much less awkward than explaining your lateness face to face and the text message has changed the way we write in English. Traditional rules of grammar and spelling are much less important when you’re sitting on the bus, hurriedly typing “Will B 15mm late - C U @ the bar. Sorry! -).”
Alexander Graham Bell would be amazed if he could see how far the science of telephony has progressed in less than 150 years. If he were around today, he might say “That’s gr8! But I’m v busy rite now. Will call U 2nite.”
1.What does the underlined part in Para.2 refer to?
A. Houses of modern cities. B. Sharp-suited characters.
C. New type of professionals. D. Mobile phones.
2.According to Paragraph 4, why did Meeting time become approximate?
A. People were more likely to be late for their meeting.
B. SMS made it easier to inform each other.
C. Young people don’t like unchanging things.
D. Traditional customs were dying out.
3.If you want to meet your friend at the school gate this evening, which of the following message can you send him?
A. Call U@ SKUg8 2nite. B. IM2BZ2CU 2nite.
C. CU@ the bar g8 2nite. D. W84U@ SKUg8 2nite.
4.What does the passage mainly tell us about?
A. Alexander Graham’s invention.
B. SMS as a new way of communication.
C. New functions of the mobile telephone.
D. The development of the mobile phone.
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When Scotsman Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876, it was a revolution in communication． For the first time, people could talk to each other over great distances almost as clearly as if they were in the same room． Nowadays, though, we increasingly use Bell' s invention for taking photographs, accessing the internet, or watching video clips, rather than talking． Over the last two decades a new means of spoken communication has appeared: the mobile phone．
The first real mobile telephone call was made in 1973 by Dr Martin Cooper, the scientist who invented the modem mobile handset． Within a decade, mobile phones became available to the public． The streets of modem cities began to feature sharp-suited characters shouting into giant plastic bricks． In Britain the mobile phone quickly became the same with the "yuppie" , the new type of young urban professionals who carried the expensive handsets as status symbols． Around this time many of us said that we would never own a mobile phone．
But in the mid-90s, something happened． Cheaper handsets and cheaper calling rates meant that, almost overnight, it seemed that everyone had a mobile phone． And the giant plastic bricks of the 80s had changed into smooth little objects that fitted nicely into pockets and bags．
Moreover, people' s timekeeping changed． Younger readers will be amazed to know that, not long ago, people made spoken arrangements to meet at a certain place at a certain time． But later Meeting times became approximate under the new order of communication: the Short Message Service （SMS） or text message． Going to be late? Send a text message! It takes much less effort than arriving on time, and it' s much less awkward than explaining your lateness face to face and the text message has changed the way we write in English． Traditional rules of grammar and spelling are much less important when you' re sitting on the bus, hurriedly typing "Will B 15mm late - C U @ the bar． Sorry! - ）"．
Alexander Graham Bell would be amazed if he could see how far the science of telephony has progressed in less than 150 years．If he were around today, he might say "That' s gr8! But I' m v busy rite now．Will call U 2nite．"
1.What does the underlined part in Para． 2 refer to?
A．Houses of modern cities． B．Sharp-suited characters．
C．New type of professionals． D．Mobile phones．
2.According to Paragraph 4, why did Meeting times become approximate?
A．People were more likely to be late for their meeting．
B．SMS made it easier to inform each other．
C．Young people don' t like unchanging things．
D．Traditional customs were dying out．
3.If you want to meet your friend at the school gate this evening, which of the following message can you send him?
A .Call U@ SKUg8 2nite． B．IM2BZ2CU 2nite．
C．CU@ the bar g8 2nite． D．W84U@ SKUg8 2nite．
4.What does the passage mainly tell us about?
A．Alexander Graham' s invention．
B．SMS @ a new way of communication．
C．New functions of the mobile telephone．
D．The development of the mobile phone．
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When Scotsman Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876, it was a revolution in communication． For the first time, people could talk to each other over great distances almost as clearly as if they were in the same room． Nowadays, though, we increasingly use Bell' s invention for taking photographs, accessing the internet, or watching video clips, rather than talking． Over the last two decades a new means of spoken communication has appeared: the mobile phone．
The first real mobile telephone call was made in 1973 by Dr Martin Cooper, the scientist who invented the modem mobile handset． Within a decade, mobile phones became available to the public． The streets of modem cities began to feature sharp-suited characters shouting into giant plastic bricks． In Britain the mobile phone quickly became the same with the "yuppie" , the new type of young urban professionals who carried the expensive handsets as status symbols． Around this time many of us said that we would never own a mobile phone．
But in the mid-90s, something happened． Cheaper handsets and cheaper calling rates meant that, almost overnight, it seemed that everyone had a mobile phone． And the giant plastic bricks of the 80s had changed into smooth little objects that fitted nicely into pockets and bags．
Moreover, people' s timekeeping changed． Younger readers will be amazed to know that, not long ago, people made spoken arrangements to meet at a certain place at a certain time． But later Meeting times became approximate under the new order of communication: the Short Message Service （SMS） or text message． Going to be late? Send a text message! It takes much less effort than arriving on time, and it' s much less awkward than explaining your lateness face to face and the text message has changed the way we write in English． Traditional rules of grammar and spelling are much less important when you' re sitting on the bus, hurriedly typing "Will B 15mm late - C U @ the bar． Sorry! - ）"．
Alexander Graham Bell would be amazed if he could see how far the science of telephony has progressed in less than 150 years．If he were around today, he might say "That' s gr8! But I' m v busy rite now．Will call U 2nite．"
- 1.
What does the underlined part in Para． 2 refer to?
- A.Houses of modern cities．
- B.Sharp-suited characters．
- C.New type of professionals．
- D.Mobile phones．
- A.
- 2.
According to Paragraph 4, why did Meeting times become approximate?
- A.People were more likely to be late for their meeting．
- B.SMS made it easier to inform each other．
- C.Young people don' t like unchanging things．
- D.Traditional customs were dying out．
- A.
- 3.
If you want to meet your friend at the school gate this evening, which of the following message can you send him?
- A.Call U@ SKUg8 2nite．
- B.IM2BZ2CU 2nite．
- C.CU@ the bar g8 2nite．
- D.W84U@ SKUg8 2nite．
- A.
- 4.
What does the passage mainly tell us about?
- A.Alexander Graham' s invention．
- B.SMS @ a new way of communication．
- C.New functions of the mobile telephone．
- D.The development of the mobile phone．
- A.
When Scotsman Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone in 1876, it was a revolution in communication． For the first time, people could talk to each other over great distances almost as clearly as if they were in the same room． Nowadays, though, we increasingly use Bell' s invention for taking photographs, accessing the internet, or watching video clips, rather than talking． Over the last two decades a new means of spoken communication has appeared: the mobile phone．
The first real mobile telephone call was made in 1973 by Dr Martin Cooper, the scientist who invented the modem mobile handset． Within a decade, mobile phones became available to the public． The streets of modem cities began to feature sharp-suited characters shouting into giant plastic bricks． In Britain the mobile phone quickly became the same with the "yuppie" , the new type of young urban professionals who carried the expensive handsets as status symbols． Around this time many of us said that we would never own a mobile phone．
But in the mid-90s, something happened． Cheaper handsets and cheaper calling rates meant that, almost overnight, it seemed that everyone had a mobile phone． And the giant plastic bricks of the 80s had changed into smooth little objects that fitted nicely into pockets and bags．
Moreover, people' s timekeeping changed． Younger readers will be amazed to know that, not long ago, people made spoken arrangements to meet at a certain place at a certain time． But later Meeting times became approximate under the new order of communication: the Short Message Service （SMS） or text message． Going to be late? Send a text message! It takes much less effort than arriving on time, and it' s much less awkward than explaining your lateness face to face and the text message has changed the way we write in English． Traditional rules of grammar and spelling are much less important when you' re sitting on the bus, hurriedly typing "Will B 15mm late - C U @ the bar． Sorry! - ）"．
Alexander Graham Bell would be amazed if he could see how far the science of telephony has progressed in less than 150 years．If he were around today, he might say "That' s gr8! But I' m v busy rite now．Will call U 2nite．"
63．What does the underlined part in Para． 2 refer to?
A． Houses of modern cities． B． Sharp-suited characters．
C． New type of professionals． D． Mobile phones．
64．According to Paragraph 4, why did Meeting times become approximate?
A． People were more likely to be late for their meeting．
B． SMS made it easier to inform each other．
C． Young people don' t like unchanging things．
D． Traditional customs were dying out．
65．If you want to meet your friend at the school gate this evening, which of the following
message can you send him?
A． Call U@ SKUg8 2nite． B． IM2BZ2CU 2nite．
C． CU@ the bar g8 2nite． D． W84U@ SKUg8 2nite．
66．What does the passage mainly tell us about?
A． Alexander Graham' s invention．
B． SMS @ a new way of communication．
C． New functions of the mobile telephone．
D． The development of the mobile phone．
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