One of the most popular activities enjoyed by Americans is spending time in forests and walking along paths through the country.This activity，called hiking，has led to the creation of paths throughout the United States.

One of the longest is the Appalachian National Scenic Trail.The trail is the first completed part of the National Trails System.The trails system was established by Congress and the president in 1968.The Appalachian Trail is more? than 3,400 kilometers long.It starts in the northeastern state of Maine and ends in the southeastern state of Georgia.The trail goes through 14 states.They are Maine，New Hampshire，Vermont，Massachusetts，Connecticut，New York，New Jersey，Pennsylvania，Maryland，West Virginia，Virginia，Tennessee，North Carolina，and Georgia.

The path takes walkers through the Appalachian Mountains.They extend from the Canadian province of Quebec to the southern American state of Alabama.

The Appalachian Mountains are among the oldest on Earth.They first began forming about one thousand million years ago.During the millions of years since then，the mountains were changed and reformed by the forces of water and wind.Ice also changed the mountains，making many of them smaller and digging valleys and lakes among them.Many different kinds of trees grow along the trail.And many different kinds of animals live in the forests along the trail.

Lands along the trail are protected by the federal government and by state governments.Some parts are not protected by the government directly.Instead，they are protected by legal agreements with private owners willing to permit people to walk across their property.

Walkers on the Appalachian Trail pass through some of the great valley systems of the mountains.They can look down into these beautiful valleys and see farms and forests stretching across the land for many kilometers.Farmland in the valleys is rich and productive.And some of the great events in American history took place in the valleys.For example，one of the great battles of the American Civil War was fought in the Shenandoah Valley in Virginia.

1.The Appalachian Trail________.

A．is more than four thousand three hundred kilometers long

B．starts in the northern state of Maine

C．goes through more than fourteen states

D．ends in the southeastern state of Georgia

2. The Appalachian Mountains________.

A．are the first completed part of the National Trails System

B．began forming one million years ago

C．were changed by natural forces like water，wind and ice

D．were around by valleys and rivers and famous for its scenery

3. The lands along the trail________.

A．are protected entirely by either the federal government or state governments

B．are mainly protected by legal agreements with private owners

C．can be visited by travelers freely only under the permission of owners

D．are protected by both the federal government and state governments

4.What is mainly described in the last paragraph?

A．The Appalachian Mountains have some great valley systems.

B．Farms and grasslands stretch across the valleys for many kilometers.

C．One of the American independence battles was fought in the Shenandoah Valley.

D．Lakes in the Appalachian Mountains are one of the most beautiful sights.

Three foreign gentlemen came up to a bus­stop in London.About five minutes later the bus which they waited for came along.They prepared to get on it.Suddenly there was a noise behind them.People rushed on to the bus and tried to push them out of the way.Someone shouted at them.The three foreign gentlemen looked puzzled and embarrassed.No one had told them about the British custom of waiting for a bus so that the first who arrives at the bus­stop is the first person to get on the bus.

Learning the language of a country is not enough.One should know as much as possible about the manners and customs of different countries.You’ll be surprised how different they can be from your own.For example，in India，people consider it impolite to use the left hand for passing food at table.In many places you might see a person shaking his head at another to express he is disagreeing，but in Bulgaria a shake of the head means “Yes” and a nod means “No”．In Europe it is quite usual to cross your legs when sitting talking to someone，but in Thailand，it is considered impolite.

Knowing about the customs of different countries is not only useful but also important to everyone.

41．Knowing about the manners and customs of different countries________.

A．are as important as learning their nation languages

B．is as important as learning their languages

C．is not so important as learning their language

D．is much more important than learning their language

42．Someone shouted at the three gentlemen just because________.

A．they were foreigners

B．they didn’t line up for their turn

C．they got the wrong bus

D．they didn’t buy tickets

43．Passing food at table________in India.

A．with your right hand is impolite

B．with your both hands is good manners

C．with your left hand is polite

D．with your left hand is not a polite way

44．Nodding one’s head at another expresses________in Bulgaria.

A．disagreement                                  B．agreement

C．politeness                                      D．impoliteness

45．The passage tells us that one should know about______of different countries.

A．either the languages or the customs

B．neither the language nor the customs

C．not only the languages but also the customs

D．the languages on the customs

句型转换(共10小题；每小题l分，共10分)

1.The police are looking for the missing boy in this area, who may be in great danger.

The police are ________ __________ __________ the missing boy in this area, who may be in great danger.

2. The girl can’t speak Chinese, and she can’t understand what we are saying either.

The girl can’t speak Chinese, ________ __________ ________understand what we are saying.

3.People report that now they are testing this product in India and it will be on the market in six months.

It _________ __________ that at present this product is  ________ ________in India and will be on the market in six months.

4. The pilot managed to land the plane safe and sound. Because of this, he was highly praised of.

  The pilot was able to land the plane safe and sound, ________ ___________ he was highly praised of.

5. The lab was set up last year. They finished the experiment in it.

It was ________ the lab _______ was set up last year _________ they finished the experiment.

6. As time went by, we had better understanding of the things around us

With ________ _________ ________, we could understand the things around us better.

7. The clothes are not thick enough to protect him from the cold.

The clothes are  _______ thin ________ they can’t protect him against the cold.

8. He had an road accident, so he had to stay in hospital for a whole month.

He had an road accident, and _______ _________ ________, he had to stay in hospital for a whole month.

9. I like my music teacher. I respect him very much.

I like my music teacher _________ __________ I have great respect.

10. When we saw from the top of the hill, we found our school was beautiful.

_________ _________ the top of the hill, our school was beautiful.

As we all know, language is always changing. In a society where life continues year after year with few changes, the language does not change either. The earliest known languages had difficult grammar but a small, limited vocabulary. Over the century, the grammar changed, and the vocabulary grew. For example, the English and Spanish people who came to America during the sixteenth century gave names to all the new plants and animals they found. In this way, hundreds of new words were introduced into English and Spanish vocabularies. Today life is changing very fast, and language is changing fast too.

There are several major(主要) language families in the world. Some scientists say there are nine main families, but other scientists divide them differently. The languages in each family are connected, and scientists think that they came from the same parent language. About 3 percent of the people in the world speak languages that are not in these major families.

1.The early language had ________.

2.In the next few hundred years we can expect language to _____.

3.What this article shows is that _____.

How can you find out what is going on inside a person’s body without opening the patient’s body up? Regular X rays can show a lot. CAT scans can show even more. They can give a complete view of body organs.
What is a CAT scan? CAT stands for a kind of machine. It is a special X-ray machine that gets a 360-degree picture of a small area of a patient’s body.
Doctors use X rays to study and determine diseases and injuries within the body, X rays can find a foreign object inside the body or take pictures of some inside organs to be X-rayed.
A CAT scanner, however, uses a group of X rays to give a cross-sectional（横截面）view of a specific part of the body. A fine group of X rays is scanned across the body and around the patient from many different directions. A computer studies the information from each direction and produces a clear cross-sectional picture on a screen. This picture is then photographed for later use. Several cross sections, taken one after another, can give clear “photos” of the entire body or of any body organs. The latest CAT scanners can even give clear pictures of active, moving organs, just as a fast-action camera can “stop the action”, giving clear pictures of what appears unclear to the eye. And because of the 360-degree pictures, CAT scans show clear and complete views of organs in a manner that was once only shown during operation or examination of a dead patient.
Frequent appearance before X rays can cause skin burns, cancer or other damage to the body. Yet CAT scans actually don’t cause the patient to more radiation than regular X rays do. CAT scans can also be done without getting something harmful into the patient, so they are less risky than regular X rays.
CAT scans provide exact, detailed information. They can quickly find such a thing as bleeding inside the brain. They are helping to save lives.
【小题1】What is NOT true of a CAT scan?