摘要: To know merely the main facts enough. A. are B. be C. being D. is

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A HOUSE WITH A HISTORY

Foulsham House is a fine,stone house of the 1790s.It stands by the River Byre,in twenty-five hectares(公顷)of the best farmland in the southwest.

Smithson built the house,and the story goes back to George,the young Prince of Wales,who fell in love with the beautiful lady Kitty Wake,at one of the first Lord Foulsham’s wild woods parties.In the past many great men rode on the hills about Foulsham House,and many fine ladies took tea in the Green Room.

The house has eight bedrooms,three bathrooms,two living-rooms and a dining room with a real Adam fire-place(壁炉).The gentleman’s library has a view over the park and the river.All rooms are light and airy(空气通畅的),with wood,high windows,and wood floors.

At the back of the house,where the third Lord Foulsham kept the horses,there is garage-space(停车的地方)for four cars.In many other ways,this house of the 1790s meets the needs of the 2000s.

  If you wish to know more about Foulsham House,write to:

Harvey,Platt,Longford & Sons,

6,Castle Green,Gilham,Byreside.

The writer writes this passage to ________.

A.persuade people to buy it

B.give some information about Foulsham House

C.tell a love story

D.describe the beauty of a best farmland

People say that ________.

A.Smithson built the house for Lord Foulsham’s wild parties

B.Prince George fell in love with Kitty Wake at Foulsham House

C.Prince George and Kitty Wake fell in love with the Green Room

D.Lord Foulsham fell in love with a lady in Wales

The library ________.

A.has a fine view of the park and the river

B.is where great men and fine ladies took tea

C.has an Adam fire-place,and a real wood floor

D.has eight bedrooms,three bathrooms and two living-rooms

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I keep hammering this because I keep seeing people who don’t do it.

1. Look up English to Elvish.

2. Look up the Elvish word in the best Elvish dictionary you have, and, preferably, find out the context(上下文) in Tolkien’s language dictionary.

3. Change the word to suit rules of grammar: singular or plural, mutations, verb tenses, etc.

You cannot leave out any of these steps. If you do, you’re almost certain to have errors. Why you have to do step 2:

Languages never match up one- to-one. English and Elvish are closer than usual, but there are still problems. And English has strange idioms: why are there no baths or beds in public bathrooms or restrooms? You can’t translate literally(逐字地). You have to understand the meaning behind each word.

In Elvish this is even more true, since our dictionaries contain more or less questionable reconstructions, and words that Tolkien later threw away or replaced. Find the best one you can.

Consider the word “fair”. We tend to use it to mean “just”. Tolkien tends to use it to mean “beautiful”. In Elvish, these are two entirely different words. So when you look up “fair”, you’ll have to go to the Elvish dictionary to see that you’ve got the right one.

Consider the nightmare(噩梦) of He left the bar. Is “left” the opposite of “right” (which also has two meanings) ? Is “bar” extruded steel(型材钢), or something to do with law? You have to know what words mean in both languages.

And you’d be amazed at how many people ignore step 3, forgetting that language is more than a string of words, and there are rules about how to fit those words together. You can’t simply look up the word “I” and use it everywhere. Sometimes you need “me” or “my”. There’s a reason it takes a while to learn a language: you have to learn the rules.

It drives me completely mad when people give a questionable translation they insist is right because “it’s in the dictionary”. A dictionary is a tool, a resource. but its entries(词目)should not be mistaken for a finished product. They are raw materials.

The underlined word “this” in paragraph 1 refers to         .

A. consulting the dictionaries when translating between languages

B. finding out the true meaning in context

C. ignoring the rules of grammar

D. leaving out some of the three steps the author mentions

According to the author, you have to do step 2 because         .

A. you have to understand the meaning behind each word

B. Elvish and English are quite different in forms

C. there are no baths or beds in public bathrooms

D. Elvish has some words which are hard to find

Grammar is also very important because it         .

A. helps fit the words together

B. takes a while to learn a language

C. is a rule to obey

D. is often forgotten in translating

In the last paragraph, the author shows         .

A. his impatience to those who insist their wrong translation is right

B. his puzzle to the questionable translation

C. the importance of the correct use of dictionaries

D. the mistaken entries in the dictionaries

The passage is mainly about how to         .

A. learn a foreign language with a dictionary

B. avoid errors when looking up a dictionary

C. understand the meaning of a strange word

D. use a dictionary to translate between languages

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Roy wasn’t the only one to receive his call-up(入伍) papers.  Stephen Napier’s call-up came at the beginning of February and he was pleased to find that he would be going into the Royal Air Force(RAF).

His father was not so pleased and made his feelings known as he and Stephen were on their daily walk.  It was the first step in his plans for Stephen to take over the estate(地产) when the time came,  and although Stephen was well aware of this,  he could think of no reason not to accompany him.

“Though you’d forgotten that nonsense.  Still,  I dare say I could pull a few strings to get you to the Army. . . ”

“No,  Father!  I have told you I want to learn to fly.  What chance would I have to do that in the Army?  I’d be better off in the Navy—at least they’ve got the Fleet Air Arm.  But I have been put in the RAF and that’s where I want to go,  so let’s leave it at that. ” His face went red.  Sent to his father’s school and then to Cambridge,  much to his satisfaction,  he had never had to defend his own desires and his father was a hard man to oppose.

The father glared at Stephen,  “No,  I won’t leave it at that.  I want to know what other ridiculous ideas are in your head.  For a start,  what’s all this about America? ”

“America? ”

“Yes.  All those books I saw in your room the other day.  Brochures about emigration(移民).” The big,silvered head lowered,like that of a bull about to charge.  “ Don’t trouble to deny it. ”

“I won’t,Father.  Some men at Cambridge have been talking about it.  They want people like us here,mathematicians and scientists,for all kinds of research—the sort of research I could do.  It would be a worthwhile life for me. ”

The father responded exactly as his son had known he would.  “You’ve got a worthwhile life here!  You’ve got an estate to run!”

“No,Father.  You’ve got an estate to run.  I never asked for it.  Why not ask Baden to do this stuff?  He perhaps can make a good job of it,but I. . . ”

“If he were here,I might think about this silly idea of yours—only think about it,mind you—but. . . ”

71.If the father wanted Stephen to take over the estate,the first thing he did would_______ .

A.take a walk with Stephen as usual and express his feelings

B.wait till his son graduated from Cambridge

C.persuade Stephen not to go into RAF

D.send Stephen to the Army instead of RAF

72.Which statement is NOT true according to the passage?

A.Stephen preferred to go into the Navy rather than the Army.

B.Stephen also received his call-up papers as Roy.

C.The father didn’t like Stephen’s idea of going to America.

D.Stephen was eventually forced to stay to run the estate.

73.After reading this passage,we can infer that______ .

A.Stephen had never had to defend his desires before

B.Baden might be one of Stephen’s family members

C.Stephen wanted to fly in the RAF and become a pilot in America

D.if somebody took over the estate,Stephen could realize his dream

74.What do we learn from the underlined sentence?

A.It looked as if the father was angry when mentioning the brochures.

B.The father was very angry and wanted to beat his son Stephen.

C.Stephen was annoyed when his father referred to the brochures.

D.A big red bull was about to charge at Stephen.

75.Which would be the best title for this passage?

A.RAF—a Better Choice than the Army

B.A Talk between Father and Son

C.The Dream of a Cambridge Student

D.A Conflict between Father and Son

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