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During the fall months at high school guidance counseling programs, juniors run to the stage to participate in an exercise to help them understand that it is not “where you go” that matters. They hold posters with the names and faces of famous people while their peers (同龄人) and parents shout out with confidence the names of elite (精英) colleges they assume the celebrities attended. The “oohs” and “aahs” follow when they learn that Steven Spielberg, Steve Jobs and Bill Gates dropped out of college, that Oprah Winfrey is a graduate of Tennessee State and that Ken Burns graduated from Hampshire College. If even a few stressed students and their anxious parents benefit from this information, it is a worthwhile exercise.
Even better is giving the students a task to identify the happy, successful people in their own circle of family, friends, co-workers and neighbors and challenging them to go and ask “if or where they went to college” as a means of broadening the conversation in their search for a life after high school.
The key to success in college and beyond has more to do with what students do with their time during college than where they choose to attend. A long-term study of 6,335 college graduates published by the National Bureau of Economic Research found that graduating from a college where entering students have higher SAT scores -- one marker of elite colleges --- didn’t pay off in higher post-graduation income. Researchers found that students who applied to several elite schools but didn’t attend them --- either because of rejection or by their own choice --- are more likely to earn high incomes later than students who actually attended elite schools.
In a summary of the findings, the bureau says that “evidently, students’ motivation, ambition and desire to learn have a much stronger effect on their future success than average academic ability of their classmates.”
The late author Loren Pope, who wrote Looking Beyond the Ivy League and Colleges That Change Lives, noted that the greater the opportunity for engagement and critical, creative and cooperative learning with staff, peers and community, the more likely the chance for future success.
59. The purpose of the guidance counseling programs is to help students _________.
A.apply for suitable colleges
B. learn about college life
C. choose the most famous colleges
D. know about famous graduates
60. Ken Burns’ example shows that the successful people _________.
A. don’t need support from their friends
B. have their own circle of family
C. don’t necessarily graduate from a famous college
D. graduate from a famous college
61. What contributes most to students’ success in college and after graduation is _________.
A. whether they enter the elite college or not
B. whether they have spared no effort in college or not
C. whether they possess a higher SAT scores or not
D. whether they have famous schoolmates or not
62. According to Loren Pope, future success depends more on _________.
A. staff, peers and community
B. motivation, ambition and desire to succeed
C. average academic ability of the classmates
D. creation, cooperation and opportunity
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