摘要: TVs and Radios TVs are more useful than radios. From TV you can see and hear what is happening in the world. However, radios are not disappearing. They are still with us. And the number of listeners is becoming larger. Do you know why? One reason for this is the invention of the transistor. A transistor radio can be very small. It is very easy to be carried. Besides, radio broadcasts are better for blind people. Many old people don’t have good eyesight. They can’t watch TV, but can listen to music or news over the radio. What’s more, a radio is cheaper than a TV set. 翰林汇

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  A German study suggests that people who were too optimistic about their future actually faced greater risk of disability or death within 10 years than those pessimists who expected their future to be worse.

  The paper, published this March in Psychology and Aging, examined health and welfare surveys from roughly 40,000 Germans between ages 18 and 96. The surveys were conducted every year from 1993 to 2003.

  Survey respondents (受访者) were asked to estimate their present and future life satisfaction on a scale of 0 to 10, among other questions.

  The researchers found that young adults (age 18 to 39) routinely overestimated their future life satisfaction, while middle-aged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future. Adults of 65 and older, however, were far more likely to underestimate their future life satisfaction. Not only did they feel more satisfied than they thought they would, the older pessimists seemed to suffer a lower ratio (比率) of disability and death for the study period.

  “We observed that being too optimistic in predicting a better future than actually observed was associated with a greater risk of disability and a greater risk of death within the following decade,” wrote Frieder R. Lang, a professor at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg.

  Lang and his colleagues believed that people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their actions than people who expected a rosy future.

  “Seeing a dark future may encourage positive evaluations of the actual self and may contribute to taking improved precautions (预防措施),” the authors wrote.

  Surprisingly, compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes, respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline. Also, the researchers said that higher income was related to a greater risk of disability.

  T  Pessimism gurantees chances of survival.he authors of the study noted that there were limitations to their conclusions. Illness, medical treatment and personal loss could also have driven health outcomes.

  However, the researchers said a pattern was clear. “We found that from early to late adulthood, individuals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic, to accurate, to pessimistic,” the authors concluded.

  67. According to the study, who made the most accurate prediction of their future life satisfaction?

  A. Optimistic adults.

  B. Middle-aged adults.

  C. Adults in poor health.

  D. Adults of lower income.

  68. Pessimism may be positive in some way because it causes people ______.

  A. to fully enjoy their present life

  B. to estimate their contribution accurately

  C. to take measures against potential risks

  D. to value health more highly than wealth

  69. How do people of higher income see their future?

  A. They will earn less money.

  B. They will become pessimistic.

  C. They will suffer mental illness.

  D. They will have less time to enjoy life.

  70. What is the clear conclusion of the study?

  A. Pessimism guarantees chances of survival.

  B. Good financial condition leads to good health.

  C. Medical treatment determines health outcomes.

  D. Expectations of future life satisfaction decline with age.

  

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  In summer, millions of people will head for the beach.And while the ocean can be a great place to swim and play, it may also be useful in another way.Some scientists think that waves could help make electricity.

  “Have you ever been on a surfboard or boat and felt yourself being lifted up by a wave?Or have you jumped in the water and felt the energy as waves crashed over you?” asked Jamie Taylor of the Wave Energy Group at the University of Edinburgh in Scotland.“There is certainly a lot of energy in waves.” Scientists are working on using that energy to make electricity.Most waves are created when winds blow across the ocean.“The winds start out by making little ripples (波纹)in the water, but if they keep on blowing, those ripples get bigger and bigger and turn into waves, ” Taylor said.“Waves are one of nature’s ways of picking up energy and then sending it off on a journey.”

  When waves come towards the shore, people can set up dams or other barricades to block the water and send it through a large wheel called a turbine (涡轮).The turbine can then power an electrical generator (发电机).The United States and a few other countries have started doing research on wave energy, and it is already being used in Scotland.The resource is huge.We will never run out of wave power, besides, wave energy does not create the same pollution as other energy sources, such as oil and coal.

  Oceans cover three quarters of the earth’s surface.That would make wave power seem perfect for creating energy around the world.There are some drawbacks, however.Jamie Taylor said that wave power still cost too much money.He said that its effects on animals in the sea were still unknown.Plus, wave power would get in the way of fishing and boat traffic.With more research, however, “many of these problems might be overcome, ” Taylor said.“Demand for energy to power our TVs and computers, drive our cars, and heat and cool our homes is growing quickly throughout the world.Finding more energy sources is very important, for traditional sources of energy like oil and gas may run out some day.”

  In the future, when you turn on a light switch, an ocean wave could be providing the electricity!

(1)

Which of the following is NOT true?

[  ]

A.

Wave power costs too much money.

B.

Wave energy creates the same amount of pollution as other energy sources.

C.

Wave power affects fishing and boat traffic.

D.

Wave power may affect marine animals.

(2)

We can infer from the passage that ________.

[  ]

A.

finding new energy sources like wave energy is important

B.

wave energy is a resource that will never run out and is used all over the world

C.

wave power is perfect for creating energy around the world

D.

wave power doesn’t create any pollution

(3)

The underlined word “drawbacks” probably means ________.

[  ]

A.

regrets

B.

adventures

C.

disadvantages

D.

difficulties

(4)

What can be the best title for the passage?

[  ]

A.

How to Get Electricity by Waves

B.

A Huge Resource of Energy

C.

Can Waves Make Electricity?

D.

The Disadvantages of Wave Energy

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