摘要：5． 非谓语动词 非谓语动词是高中语法的重点.也是难点.学生常常对此感到头疼.其实只要理解并掌握非谓语动词各种形式的特点.做起题来会很轻松.我们先来看看非谓语动词的各种变化形式.熟悉知道了非谓语动词形式后.做题时可分四步分析. 一.分析句子结构 1. many times , but he still couldn't understand it . 2. many times , he still couldn't understand it . A. Having been told . B. Told C. He was told D. Though he had been told 3. to the left , you'll find the post office . 4. If you to the left , you'll find the post office . 5. to the left , and you'll find the post office . A. Turning B. To turn C. Turn D. Turned 分析:句1. 用连词but 引导并列句子.因此.前面也是个独立句子成分.故选C. 句2. 句中用逗号隔开.且无连词引导.因此.前面不是句子结构.只是句子的一个成分.故选A.非谓语动词作状语. 句3. 同句2.选A . 句4. 前面用if 引导从句.故选C .构成从句谓语. 句5. 同句1.选C. 二.分析逻辑主语 确定要选非谓语动词之后.第二步要分析其逻辑主语.非谓语动词虽不能作谓语.但仍具有动词特点.其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语.非谓语动词作状语时.其逻辑主语须和句子的真正主语一致.若不一致.则须加上自己的逻辑主语. 1. no buses , we have to walk home . A. There being B. It were C. There were D. It being 2. Sunday I shall have a quiet day at home . 分析:句1. 表示“没有公共汽车 .应用“there be 结构.即逻辑主语是“there .故选A .句2. 同理选D. 三.分析语态 分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后.分析非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系. 1. from space , the earth looks blue . 2. from space , we can see the earth is blue . A. Seen B. Seeing C. To see D.See 这两个题选项中的非谓语动词都没有加自己的逻辑主语, 因此其逻辑主语就是句子的主语. 分析:句1. “地球 被“看起来 .表被动.故选A.用过去分词表被动.句2. 我们“主动看-- 即表主动.故选B. 3. The dirty clothes , the girl hung them up outside . 4. the dirty clothes ,the girl hung them up outside . A. was washed B. washed C. were washed D. having washed 分析:句3. 前面应用非谓语动词作句子的状语.逻辑主语是“the dirty clothes .和动词搭配表示“衣服被洗 .故选B. 句4. 逻辑主语为句子的主语“the girl .表示“女孩洗衣服 .为主动关系.故选D. 四.分析时态.在选定了主动或被动后.还要考虑动作发生的时间问题.即时态. 1. The building now will be a restaurant . 2. The building next year will be a restaurant . 3. The building last year is a restaurant. A. having been built B.to be built C. being built D. built 句1中 now 说明大楼正在被修.故用进行式.选C. 句2中next year 说明大楼将在明年被修.故用表将来的不定式.选B. 句3中 last year 说明大楼已被修.但不能选.因为现在分词的完成式不能作定语.故用过去分词.选D. 又如: 1. He stood there for his mother . 2. for two hours , he went away . A. waiting B. to wait C. waited D. Having waited 句1表示“站在那等 .两个动词同时发生.故选A作伴随状语. 句2表示已经等了两个小时.发生在谓语动词“went away 之前.故用完成式.选D . 需要注意的是.非谓语动词的否定也是常考的项目.要认清否定形式.非谓语动词的否定都应将not 放在前面.如: What is the reason for there ? A. not your going B. not your go C. your not going D. you not to go

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