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Teamwork is just as important in science as it is on the playing field or in the gym．Scientific investigations(调查)are almost always carried out by teams of people working together．Ideas are shared, experiments are designed, data are analyzed, and results are evaluated and shared with other investigators．Group work is necessary, and is usually more productive than working alone．
Several times throughout the year you may be asked to work with one or more of your classmates．Whatever the task your group is assigned, a few rules need to be followed to ensure a productive and successful experience．
What comes first is to keep an open mind, because everyone’s ideas deserve consideration and each group member can make his or her own contribution．Secondly, it makes a job easier to divide the group task among all group members．Choose a role on the team that is best suited to your particular strengths．Thirdly, always work together, take turns, and encourage each other by listening, clarifying, and trusting one another．Mutual support and trust often make a great difference．
Activities like investigations are most effective when done by small groups．Here are some more suggestions for effective team performance during these activities：Make sure each group member understands and agrees to the task given to him or her, and everyone knows exactly when, why and what to do take turns doing various tasks during similar and repeated activities; be aware of where other group members are and what they are doing so as to ensure safety; be responsible for your own learning, though it is by no means unwise to compare your observations with those of other group members．
When there is research to be done, divide the topic into several areas, and this can explore the issue in a very detailed way．You are encouraged to keep records of the sources used by each person, which helps you trace back to the origin of the problems that may happen unexpectedly．A format for exchanging information(e．g．, photocopies of notes, oral discussion, etc．)is also important, for a well-chosen method not only strengthens what you present but also makes yourself easily understood．When the time comes to make a decision and take a position on an issue, allow for the contributions of each member of the group．Most important of all, it is always wise to make decisions by compromise and agreement．
After you’ve completed a task with your team, make an evaluation of the team’s effectiveness－the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and challenges．
We often talk about ourselves as if we have permanent genetic defects(缺陷) that can never be changed. “I’m impatient.” “I’m always behind.” “I always put things 1 !” You’ve surely heard them. Maybe you’ve used them to describe ___2 .
These comments may come from stories about us that have been 3 for many years—often from 4 childhood. These stories may have no 5 in fact. But they can set low expectations for us. As a child, my mother said to me, “Marshall, you have no mechanical (操作机械的) skills, and you will never have any mechanical skills for the rest of your life.” How did these expectations 6 my development? I was never 7 to work on cars or be around 8 . When I was 18, I took the US Army’s Mechanical Aptitude Test. My scores were in the bottom for the entire nation!
Six years later, 9 , I was at California University, working on my doctors degree. One of my professors, Dr. Bob Tannbaum, asked me to write down things I did well and things I couldn’t do. On the positive side, I 10 down, “research, writing, analysis, and speaking.” On the 11 side, I wrote, “I have no mechanical skills.”
Bob asked me how I knew I had no mechanical skills. I explained my life 12 and told him about my 13 performance on the Army test. Bob then asked, “ 14 is it that you can solve 15 mathematical problems, but you can’t solve simple mechanical problems?”
Suddenly I realized that I didn’t 16 from some sort of genetic defect. I was just living out expectations that I had chosen to 17 . At that point, it wasn’t just my family and friends who had been 18 my belief that I was mechanically hopeless. And it wasn’t just the Army test, either. I was the one who kept telling myself, “You can’t do this!” I realized that as long as I kept saying that, it was going to remain true. 19 , if we don’t treat ourselves as if we have incurable genetic defects, we can do well in almost 20 we choose.
1. A. away B. off C. up D. down
2. A. them B. myself C. yourself D. others
3. A. said B. spoken C. spread D. repeated
4. A. as long as B. as far back as C. as well as D. as much as
5. A. basis B. plot C. cause D. meaning
6. A. lead B. improve C. affect D. change
7. A. encouraged B. demanded C. hoped D. agreed
8. A. means B. tools C. facilities D. hammers
9. A. therefore B. somehow C. instead D. however
10. A. settled B. turned C. took D. got
11. A. passive B. active C. negative D. subjective
12. A. experiences B. trips C. roads D. paths
13. A. unexpected B. poor C. excellent D. average
14. A. When B. What C. How D. Why
15. A. complex B. advanced C. common D. primary
16. A. arise B. separate C. suffer D. come
17. A. believe B. suspect C. adopt D. receive
18. A. weakening B. strengthening C. abandoning D. accepting
19. A. As a result B. At the same time C. In addition D. On the contrary
20. A. anything B. something C. nothing D. all
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We often talk about ourselves as if we have permanent genetic defects(缺陷) that can never be changed. “I’m impatient.” “I’m always behind.” “I always put things 1 !” You’ve surely heard them. Maybe you’ve used them to describe ___2 .
These comments may come from stories about us that have been 3 for many years—often from 4 childhood. These stories may have no 5 in fact. But they can set low expectations for us. As a child, my mother said to me, “Marshall, you have no mechanical (操作机械的) skills, and you will never have any mechanical skills for the rest of your life.” How did these expectations 6 my development? I was never 7 to work on cars or be around 8 . When I was 18, I took the US Army’s Mechanical Aptitude Test. My scores were in the bottom for the entire nation!
Six years later, 9 , I was at California University, working on my doctors degree. One of my professors, Dr. Bob Tannbaum, asked me to write down things I did well and things I couldn’t do. On the positive side, I 10 down, “research, writing, analysis, and speaking.” On the 11 side, I wrote, “I have no mechanical skills.”
Bob asked me how I knew I had no mechanical skills. I explained my life 12 and told him about my 13 performance on the Army test. Bob then asked, “ 14 is it that you can solve 15 mathematical problems, but you can’t solve simple mechanical problems?”
Suddenly I realized that I didn’t 16 from some sort of genetic defect. I was just living out expectations that I had chosen to 17 . At that point, it wasn’t just my family and friends who had been 18 my belief that I was mechanically hopeless. And it wasn’t just the Army test, either. I was the one who kept telling myself, “You can’t do this!” I realized that as long as I kept saying that, it was going to remain true. 19 , if we don’t treat ourselves as if we have incurable genetic defects, we can do well in almost 20 we choose.
1. A. away B. off C. up D. down
2. A. them B. myself C. yourself D. others
3. A. said B. spoken C. spread D. repeated
4. A. as long as B. as far back as C. as well as D. as much as
5. A. basis B. plot C. cause D. meaning
6. A. lead B. improve C. affect D. change
7. A. encouraged B. demanded C. hoped D. agreed
8. A. means B. tools C. facilities D. hammers
9. A. therefore B. somehow C. instead D. however
10. A. settled B. turned C. took D. got
11. A. passive B. active C. negative D. subjective
12. A. experiences B. trips C. roads D. paths
13. A. unexpected B. poor C. excellent D. average
14. A. When B. What C. How D. Why
15. A. complex B. advanced C. common D. primary
16. A. arise B. separate C. suffer D. come
17. A. believe B. suspect C. adopt D. receive
18. A. weakening B. strengthening C. abandoning D. accepting
19. A. As a result B. At the same time C. In addition D. On the contrary
20. A. anything B. something C. nothing D. all
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Twenty years ago,kids in school had never even heard of the Internet.Now,I'll bet you can't find a 36 person in your school who hasn't 37 heard of it.In fact,many of us use it on a regular basis and can even use it at 38 .The “net” in Internet really stands for network.A network is two or more computers 39 together so that information can be? 40 ?or sent from one computer to 41 .The Internet is a vast 42 for all types of information.?You may enjoy using it to do 43 for a school project,downloading your favorite songs or 44 with friends and family.Information can be found 45 web pages that companies, organizations, and individuals(个人)create.It's like a giant bulletin board that the whole world uses!But since anyone can put 46 on the Internet,you also have to be careful and use your best 47 and a little common sense.?
Just 48 you read something on a piece of paper someone puts on a bulletin board doesn't mean that it's good information,or even correct, for that matter.You have to be sure that whoever posted the information knows what they're talking about, 49 if you're doing research!But what if you're just e?mailing people?You still have to be very 50 if you've never met the person that you're communicating with online.You could be doing something 51 !You should never give out any 52 information to someone you don't know,not even your name!And just like you can't 53 the information on every website out there.You can't 54 on what strangers you “meet”on the Internet tell you either.In the same way that you could 55 things about yourself to tell someone,someone else could do the same to you!?
36. A. stupid B. single C. common D. clever?
37. A. at least B. at mostC. at last D. at first?
38. A. school B. Home C. work D. hospital?
39. A. met B. Communicated C. joined D. connected?
40. A. shared B. found C. made D. chosen?
41. A. other B. the other C. another D. others?
42. A. material B. resource C. source D. matter?
43. A. homework B. housework C. research D. experiments?
44. A. playing B. talking C. meeting D. communicating?
45. A. through B. across C. by D. on?
46. A. something B. anything C. everything D. nothing?
47. A. wisdom B. judgmentC. Courage D. confidence?
48. A. because B. when C. where D. what?
49. A. specially B. especially C. naturally D. strangely
50. A. careful B. wise C. suspicious D. confident?
51. A. exciting B. interesting C. suspicious D. confident?
52. A. social B. personal C. general D. special?
53. A. respect B. consult C. send D. believe?
54. A. rely B. believe C. trust D. base?
55. A. make of B. make from C. make out D. make up??
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