Howling(吼叫) is a behavior commonly observed among a wolf pack(狼群). As pack animals, wolves work together to hunt and rely on howling as an important means of communication among each other. There’re different explanations of a wolf’s howl and it appears that there may be more to discover．
One theory is that wolves howl to bond better together. It’s almost as if howling together helps the pack stay together. Perhaps something similar to people feeling a sense of involvement with each other when singing a song together. But this theory may be wrong, explains Fred H. Harrington, a professor who studies wolf behavior.
Indeed, there have been times when wolves have been seen one moment howling in a chorus(合唱), and the next, quarreling among each other. It appears that usually the lowest-ranking members of the pack may actually be “punished” for joining in the chorus at times. So is howling a way to strengthen a social bond or just a way to reconfirm status (地位) among its members? Why do wolves howl for sure?
What is clear, however, is that howling is often used among pack mates to locate each other. Hunting grounds are distant and it happens that wolves may separate from one another at times. When this happens, howling appears to be an excellent means of gathering.
Howling, interestingly, is a contagious behavior. When one wolf starts to howl, very likely others will follow. This is often seen to occur in the morning, as if wolves were doing some sort of “roll call” where wolves all howl together to report their
【小题1】What is the possible similarity between wolves’ howling together and human’s singing in chorus?

Everyone has got two personalities—the one that is shown to the world and the other that is secret and real．You don't show your secret personality when you're awake because you can control your behaviour，but when you're asleep， your sleeping position shows the real you．In a normal night，of course，people frequently change their position．The important position is the one that you go to sleep in．

If you go to sleep on your back，you're a very open person．You normally trust people and you are easily influenced by fashion or new ideas．You don't like to upset people，so you never express your real feelings．You're quite shy and you aren't very confident．

If you sleep on your stomach，you are a rather secretive（不坦率的）person．You worry a lot and you're always easily upset．You're very stubborn（顽固的），but you aren't very ambitious．You usually live for today not for tomorrow．This means that you enjoy having a good time．

If you sleep curled up（卷曲），you are probably a very nervous person．You have a low opinion of yourself and so you're often defensive．You're shy and you don't normally like meeting people．You prefer to be on your own．You're easily hurt．

If you sleep on your side，you have usually got a well-balanced personality．You know your strengths and weaknesses．You're usually careful． You have a confident personality．You sometimes feel anxious，but you don't often get depressed．You always say what you think even if it annoys people．

According to the writer，you naturally show your secret and real personality _____.

A．only in a normal night

B．only when you go to sleep

C．only when you refuse to show yourself to the world

D．only when you change sleeping position

Which is NOT mentioned in the second paragraph about a person's personality？

A．He or she is always open with others．

B．He or she always likes new ideas earlier than others．

C．He or she is always easily upset．

D．He or she tends to believe in others．

Point out which sentence is used to show the personality of a person who is used to sleeping on his or her stomach？

A．He or she is careful not to offend others．

B．He or she doesn't want to stick to his or her opinion．

C．He or she can't be successful in any business．

D．He or she likes to bring others happiness．

Maybe you don't want to make friends with a person who sleeps curled up．Why？

A．He or she would rather be alone than communicate with you．

B．He or she is rarely ready to help you．

C．He or she prefers staying at home to going out．

D．He or she wouldn't like to get help from you．

It appears that the writer tends to think highly of the person who sleeps on one side because ______ ．

A．he or she always shows sympathy for people

B．he or she is confident，but not stubborn

C．he or she has more strengths than weaknesses

D. he or she often considers annoying people

Sometimes I really doubt whether there is love between my parents. Every day they are very busy trying to earn money in order to pay the 16 tuition(学费) for my brother and me. They don’t 17  in the romantic ways that I read in books or I see on TV. My father has a bad temper（脾气）; it’s easy for him to lose his temper.
One day, my mother was sewing a quilt(缝被子). I 18 sat down beside her and looked at her.
“Is there any 19  between you and Dad?” I asked her in a very low voice.My mother stopped her work and raised her head with  20  in her eyes. She didn’t answer immediately. Then she bowed her head and continued to sew the quilt. 21 at last I heard my mother say the following words:“Susan,” she said 22  , “Look at this thread（线）. Sometimes it appears, but most of it disappears in the quilt. The thread really makes the quilt strong and durable（耐用）. If life is a 23  , then love should be a thread. It can 24  be seen anywhere or anytime, but it’s really there. Love is 25.
I listened carefully but I couldn’t understand her until the next  26  . At that time, my father suddenly got sick seriously. My mother had to stay with him in the hospital for a month. After they were 27, every day in the morning and dusk, my mother helped my father walk 28 on the country road. My father had never been so 29 . Along the country road, there were many beautiful flowers, green grass and trees. The sun gently shone through the leaves. All of these 30  the most beautiful picture in the world. The doctor had said my father would 31 in two months. But after two months he still couldn’t walk alone. We were all worried.
“Dad, how are you feeling now?” I asked him one day. “Susan,” he said gently, “to tell you the truth, I just like 32  with your mom. I like this kind of life.” 33  his eyes, I knew he loved my mother deeply.
Once I thought love meant flowers, gifts and sweet kisses. But from this  34  , I understand that love is just a  35  in the quilt of out life. Love is inside, making life strong and warm.

People turn to magic(魔力)chiefly as a form of insurance--that is, they use it along with actions that actually bring results. For example, hunters may use a hunting charm(咒语). But they also use their hunting skills and knowledge of animals. The charm may give hunters the extra confidence they need to hunt even more successfully than they would without it. If they shoot a lot of game(猎物), they credit the charm for their success. Many events happen naturally without magic. Crops grow without it, and sick people get well without it. But if people use magic to bring a good harvest or to cure a patient, they may believe the magic was responsible. 

People also tend to forget magic's failures and to be impressed by its surface successes. They may consider magic successful if it appears to work only 10 per cent of the time. Even when magic fails, people often explain the failure without doubting the power of the magic. They may say that the magician made a mistake in reciting the spell or that another magician cast a more powerful spell against the magician.

Many anthropologists(人类学家) believe that people have faith in magic because they feel a need to believe in it. People may turn to magic to reduce their fear and uncertainty if they feel they have no control over the outcome of a situation. For example, farmers use knowledge and skill when they plant their fields. But they know that weather, insects, or diseases might ruin the crops. So farmers in some societies may also plant a charm or perform a magic rite to ensure a good harvest.

From the passage, we can learn that the writer of the passage may be _______.

A. a hunter     B. a farmer     C. a magician    D. an anthropologist

Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage?

A. Magic and Hunting.          B. Magic and Farming.

C. Why Magic Works?          D. Why People Believe in Magic?

The underlined word “spell”(Paragraph 2) most likely means______.

A. magic words.    B. magic events.    C. words or expressions     D. magicians.

I am quite ______ that the new cosmetics, whether it appears in the form of tablet, capsule, powder or injection, will _______ through the country among young ladies.