摘要: 句子的种类 (一)按使用目的可分为陈述句.疑问句.祈使句和感叹句. 1) 陈述句(Declarative Sentences):说明一个事实或陈述一种看法. Light travels faster than sound. 光比声速度快. The film is rather boring. 这部电影很乏味. 疑问句(Interrogative Sentences):提出问题.有以下四种: a. 一般疑问句: Can you finish the work in time? 你能按时完成工作吗? b. 特殊疑问句(W Questions; H Questions): Where do you live? 你住那儿? How do you know that? 你怎么知道那件事? c. 选择疑问句(Alternative Questions): Do you want tea or coffee? 你是要茶还是要咖啡? d. 反意疑问句: He doesn't know her, does he? 他不认识她.对不对? 3) 祈使句:提出请求.建议或发出命令.例如: Sit down, please. 请坐. Don't be nervous! 别紧张! 4) 感叹句(Exclamatory Sentences):表示说话人惊奇.喜悦.愤怒等情绪.例如: What good news it is! 多好的消息啊! (二)句子按其结构可以分为以下三类: 1) 简单句:只包含一个主谓结构句子叫简单句.例如: She is fond of collecting stamps. 她喜欢集邮. 并列句:包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句.句与句之间通常用并列连词或分号来连接.例如: The food was good, but he had little appetite. 食物很精美.但他却没什么胃口. 3) 复合句:包含一个主句从句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句.从句由从属连词引导.例如: The film had begun when we got to the cinema. 主句 从句 我们到达电影院的时候.电影已经开演了. (三)基本句型(Basic Sentence Patterns):英语中千变万化的句子归根结底都是由以下五种基本句型组合.扩展.变化而来的: 1)主 + 动(SV)例如: I work. 我工作. 2)主 + 动 + 表(SVP)例如: John is busy. 约翰忙. 3)主 + 动 + 宾(SVO)例如: She studies English. 她学英语. 4)主 + 动 + 宾 + 补例如: Time would prove me right. 时间会证明我是对的. 5)主 + 动 + 间宾 + 直宾例如: My mother made me a new dress. 我母亲给我做了一件新衣裳.

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第二节 语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)

阅读下面短文,按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求,在空格处填人一个适当的

词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空,并将答案填写在答题卡标号为3l-40的相应位置上。

People who have lost the ability to understand or use words due to brain damage ___31____(call) aphasics(失语症患者). Such patients can be extremely good at something else. ___32______ the changing expressions on speakers’ faces and the tones of their voices, they can tell lies from truths.

Doctors studying the human brain have even compared this power to __33_______ of a dog with an ability to find out the drugs ____34______(hide) in the baggage.

Recently, scientists carried out tests to see ___35______ all that was said about aphasics was true. They studied a mixed group of people. Some were normal; __36________ were aphasics. It was proved that the aphasics were far ahead of the normal people in recognizing false speeches — in most cases, the normal people were fooled by words,____37________ the aphasics were not.

Dr. Oliver Sacks mentioned a particular case in ___38______ hospital. Some aphasics were watching the president giving a speech on TV. Since the president had been an actor ___39_____(early), making a good speech was no problem for him.

But his way of speaking had the opposite effect on the patients. They didn’t seem to believe him. Instead, they burst into laughter. The aphasics knew that the president did not mean a word of what he ____40______(say).

 

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第二节  语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分,满分15分)

阅读下面短文,按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求,在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空,并将答案填写在答题卡标号为31~40的相应位置上。

Our vicar(牧师) is always raising money for one cause or    31     , but he has never managed to get enough money to have the church clock   32    (repair). The big clock which used to strike the hours day and night was damaged many years ago and     33    (be) silent ever since.

    One night,    34   , our vicar work up with a start: the clock was striking the hours! Looking at

his watch, he saw that it was one o'clock, but the bell struck thirteen times     35    it

stopped.   36    (arm) with a torch, the vicar went up into the clock tower to see    37      was going on. In the torchlight, he caught sight of a figure whom he immediately recognized as Bill Wilkins, our local grocer.

    'Whatever are you doing up here Bill?' asked the vicar in surprise.

    'I'm trying to repair the bell,' answered Bill. 'I've been coming up here night after night for weeks now. You see, I was hoping to give you a surprise.'

    'You certainly    38    give me a surprise!'  said the vicar.

'You've    39     (probability)woken up everyone in the village as well. Still, I'm glad the bell is working again.'

    That's the trouble, vicar,' answered Bill. 'It's working all right, but I'm afraid that   40   one o'clock it will strike thirteen times and there's nothing I can do about it."

    We'll get used to that, Bill,' said the vicar. "Thirteen is not as good as one, but it's better than nothing. Now let's go downstairs and have a cup of tea.'

 

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