网址：http://m.1010jiajiao.com/timu3_id_2462564[举报]
A German study suggests that people who were too optimistic about their future actually faced greater risk of disability or death within 10 years than those pessimists who expected their future to be worse.
The paper, published this March in Psychology and Aging, examined health and welfare surveys from roughly 40,000 Germans between ages 18 and 96. The surveys were conducted every year from 1993 to 2003.
Survey respondents (受访者) were asked to estimate their present and future life satisfaction on a scale of 0 to 10, among other questions.
The researchers found that young adults (age 18 to 39) routinely overestimated their future life satisfaction, while middle-aged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future. Adults of 65 and older, however, were far more likely to underestimate their future life satisfaction. Not only did they feel more satisfied than they thought they would, the older pessimists seemed to suffer a lower ratio (比率) of disability and death for the study period.
“We observed that being too optimistic in predicting a better future than actually observed was associated with a greater risk of disability and a greater risk of death within the following decade,” wrote Frieder R. Lang, a professor at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg.
Lang and his colleagues believed that people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their actions than people who expected a rosy future.
“Seeing a dark future may encourage positive evaluations of the actual self and may contribute to taking improved precautions (预防措施),” the authors wrote.
Surprisingly, compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes, respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline. Also, the researchers said that higher income was related to a greater risk of disability.
T Pessimism gurantees chances of survival.he authors of the study noted that there were limitations to their conclusions. Illness, medical treatment and personal loss could also have driven health outcomes.
However, the researchers said a pattern was clear. “We found that from early to late adulthood, individuals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic, to accurate, to pessimistic,” the authors concluded.
67. According to the study, who made the most accurate prediction of their future life satisfaction?
A. Optimistic adults.
B. Middle-aged adults.
C. Adults in poor health.
D. Adults of lower income.
68. Pessimism may be positive in some way because it causes people ______.
A. to fully enjoy their present life
B. to estimate their contribution accurately
C. to take measures against potential risks
D. to value health more highly than wealth
69. How do people of higher income see their future?
A. They will earn less money.
B. They will become pessimistic.
C. They will suffer mental illness.
D. They will have less time to enjoy life.
70. What is the clear conclusion of the study?
A. Pessimism guarantees chances of survival.
B. Good financial condition leads to good health.
C. Medical treatment determines health outcomes.
D. Expectations of future life satisfaction decline with age.
查看习题详情和答案>>
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
根据短文选出正确的词并将词填在短文后的横线上, 一空一词。
| environment cheated international admitted hardly techniques necessary difficulty taught joy |
A friend of mine once asked me: “Why should a Chinese take time to learn a language that is not his own?”Obviously he has __96__in learning a foreign language. He is not the only one who is mentally against English learning. One reason, as I suspect, is the way English is ___97___. The emphasis on memorization is such that no __98___is left in the process of learning, only endless annoyance. What students are presented in the classroom is not the language in real communication. A Chinese student with extremely high scores for American standardized tests was __99__ into one of the most famous universities. But his professors soon found out he could __100__ understand the lesson. Suspecting that he__101___in the tests, the school demanded he repeat them. Again, he passed with high scores. Not till then did they realise the student had mastered the __102__for dealing with the tests, not the skills of using the language.
Many people take TOFEL, IELTS, GRE, annual Band 4 and Band 6 exams not because they work inareas where English is a___103___tool, but because they have to do it for job promotion. Must English learning be such a pain in the neck? Create a(n)__104__ where learning English is natural and painless. Don't make it compulsory for people whose work or major does not require it. China will not become more___105___ by adding millions of people who can only say a simple “Hello.”
96. _________ 97. _________ 98. _________ 99. _________ 100. _________
101. _________ 102. _________ 103. _________ 104. _________ 105. _________
查看习题详情和答案>>Temperature is part of my married romance Coming to New’York from Baltimore-where there is just one small snowstorm each year-1was 16 by a fireplace in my new home，wit fires 17 all day,just as what ancient people did at a wedding．
My husband，Peter,come
s from northem Ontario，where winter 18 from September to May and cold wind is 19 ．”When Canadians have 30 below,they 20 it，”he says．“Cold wind is for crybabies．”
So to marry this man I had to learn to 21 for serious cold. To get me from Baltimore's Inner Harbor to Albany’s frozen Hudson，Peter piled me 22 jackets and sweaters，scarves and gloves．even a hat wi
th earflaps．The gift of Sorel boots-comfortably warm at Canada’s 30 below,was a 23 we were getting serious．
That first winter together,living in upstate New York,I thought I’d 24 My boots were good below freezing，but my fingers could 25 tie them．Physical adaptation is real，but it came slowly．And there is also emotional 26 to cold．Some days I tell myself that I have enough beach memories to stick to on 27 days and other days I am reminded that living cold does indeed build 28 ．
29 ，having a warm house is important．After my first marriage ended，for years I 30 ! went on a second date with a man whose response to my”I'm cold”was．”Put on a sweater．”Now I’m married to a man who 31 that cold hands do not mean a warm heart．And that a big oil bill is better than roses But surprisingly,I've grown，too．I am 32，in this new life and climate，to go look for that cost-saving sweater．
The word comfortable did not 33 refer to being contented．Its Latin root，comfortare， means to strengthen．The Holy Spirit is Comforter；not to make us comfortable，but to make us
34 ．we 35 not be warm but we are indeed comforted．
16．A．set down B．set about C．set up D．set out
17．A．lighting B．burning C．going D．flashing
18．A．appears B．starts C．keeps D．runs
19．A．something B．everything C．nothing D．none
20．A．suggest B．mean C．overlook D．enjoy
21．A．wear B．stand C．dress D．ride
22．A under B．over C．inside D．with
23．A．remark B．sign C．warning D．show
24．A．sleep B．forget C．die D．continue
25．A．hardly B．easily C．tightly D．loosely
26．A．health B．reaction C．feelings D．adaptation
27．A．rainy B．freezing C．sunny D．happy
28．A．character B．love C．hope D．hardship
29．A．Meanwhile B．However C．Therefore D．Besides
30．A．merely B．ever C．never D．just
31．A．wonders B．knows C．states D decides
32．A．unable B．accustomed C．interested D．willing
33．A．originally B．exactly C．actually D．namely
34．A．wild B．cold C．strong D．warm
35．A．will B．must C．can D．may
查看习题详情和答案>>
完形填空
Knowledge is 1 .But there is one 2 thing that we must remerber.A strong 3 needs a strong body in order to make it most useful.There are a great many good 4 .They are helpful and healthful.Many of them may be taken in doors during 5 weather.Indoor exercises,however,are never as helpful as those taken out of doors in pure,fresh 6 .It is because in fresh air more oxygen is taken into our systems and more waste given off. The air in the 7 does not remain fresh very logn,but out of doors it is usually fresh and pure.
But what shall we play? There are a number of games such as football,basketball,races. 8 game with plenty of movement is good.The best are those which are played out of doors.
Do not ignore your body.It is 9 as your mind.Our 10 now needs men wit strong minds,good judgement,and sound bodies.
1.
[ ]
A.force B.forces C.power D.strength
2.
[ ]
A.another B.the other C.other D.the
3.
[ ]
A.thought B.mind C.idea D.imagination
4.
[ ]
A.movements B.matches C.examples D.exercises
5.
[ ]
A.fine B.cloudy C.rainy D.sunny
6.
[ ]
A.day B.climate C.weather D.air
7.
[ ]
A.house B.home C.family D.room
8.
[ ]
A.No B.Any C.All D.Either
9.
[ ]
A.as important B.very importance
C.so importance D.much important
10.
[ ]
A.country B.nation C.state D.people
查看习题详情和答案>>