Gases from cars are the air of our cities.——青夏教育精英家教网—

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第二节：完形填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C、D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Parents who smoke often open a window or turn on a fan to clear the air for their children, but experts now have identified a related threat to children's health that isn't as easy to get rid of: third-hand smoke。

　　That's the term being 21 to describe the invisible yet poisonous mixture of gases and particles(颗粒) clinging （依附）to smokers' hair and 22 , not to mention cushions and carpeting, that stays long after second-hand smoke has cleared from a room. The remaining 23 heavy metals, carcinogens(致癌物) and even radioactive materials that young children can get on their hands and take in, 24 if they're crawling or playing on the floor。

　　Doctors from MassGeneral Hospital for Children in Boston coined the term "third-hand smoke" to 25 these chemicals in a new study that 26 on the risks they pose to infants and children. The study was published in the 27 issue of the journal Pediatrics。

　　"Everyone knows that second-hand smoke is bad, 28 they don't know about this," said Dr. Jonathan P. Winickoff, the lead author of the study and an assistant professor of pediatrics at Harvard Medical School。

　　"When their kids are 29 the house, they might smoke. Or they smoke in the car. Or they strap(用带子捆扎) the kid in the car seat in the back and crack the window and 30 , and they think it's okay because the second-hand smoke isn't getting to their 31 . We needed a term to describe these tobacco toxins that aren't 32 ."

　　The study reported on 33 toward smoking in 1,500 households across the United States. It found that the vast majority of both smokers and nonsmokers were 34 that second-hand smoke is harmful to children. Some 95 percent of nonsmokers and 84 percent of smokers 35 with the statement that "inhaling smoke from a parent's cigarette can 36 the health of infants and children"。

　　But 37 fewer of those surveyed were aware of the 38 of third-hand smoke. Since the term is so new, the researchers asked people if they agreed with the statement that "breathing air in a room 39 where people smoked yesterday can harm the health of infants and children"。

　　Only 65 percent of nonsmokers and 43 percent of smokers agreed with that 40 , which researchers interpreted as acknowledgement of the risks of third-hand smoke.

21.A told B discussed C used D mentioned

22. A shoes B clothing C body D mouth

23. A includes B covers C finds D improves

24. A especially B specially C immediately D regularly

25. A name B call C explain D describe

26. A focused B tended C tried D worked

27. A later B latest C best D previous

28. A but B and C however D or

29. A alongside B out of C in D beside

30. A cough B talk C observe D smoke

31. A cars B seats C kids D windows

32. A visible B invisible C poisonous D concrete

33. A policies B attitudes C bans D habits

34. A told B content C confident D aware

35. A opposed B agreed C fought D connected

36. A harm B destroy C improve D confuse

37. A quite B very C far D too

38. A chances B risks C abilities D conditions

39. A tomorrow B today C yesterday D weekend

40. A statement B mark C discussion D prejudice

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III．阅读理解（满分50分）
　　阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Against the supposition that forest fires in Alaska, Canada and Siberia warm the climate, scientists have discovered that cooling may occur in areas where burnt trees allow more snow to mirror more sunlight into space.
This finding suggests that taking steps to prevent northern forest fires to limit the release of greenhouse gases may warm the climate in northern regions. Usually large fires destroyed forests in these areas over the past decade. Scientists predict that with climate warming, fires may occur more frequently over the next several centuries as a result of a longer fire season. Sunlight taken in by the earth tends to cause warming, while heat mirrored back into space tends to cause cooling.
This is the first study to analyze all aspects of how northern fires influence climate. Earlier studies by other scientists have suggested that fire in northern regions speed up climate warming because greenhouse gases from burning trees and plants are released into the atmosphere and thus trap heat.
Scientists found that right after the fire, large amounts of greenhouse gases entered the atmosphere and caused warming. Ozone（臭氧） levels increased, and ash from the fire fell on far-off sea ice, darkening the surface and causing more radiation from the sun to be taken in. The following spring, however, the land within the area of the fire was brighter than before the fire, because fewer trees covered the ground. Snow on the ground mirrored more sunlight back into space, leading to cooling.
“We need to find out all possible ways to reduce the growth of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere.” Scientists tracked the change in the amount of radiation entering and leaving the climate system as a result of the fire, and found a measurement closely related to the global air temperature. Typically, fire in northern regions occurs in the same area every 80 to 150 years. Scientists, however, found that when fire occurs more frequently, more radiation is lost from the earth and cooling results. Specifically, they determined when fire returns 20 years earlier than predicted, 0.5 watts per square meter of area burned are soaked up by the earth from greenhouse gases, but 0.9 watts per square meter will be sent back into space. The net effect is cooling. Watts are used to measure the rate at which energy is gained or lost from the earth.
41. According to the new findings, taking steps to prevent northern forest fires may __________.
A. result in a warming climate
B. cause the forest fires to occur more frequently
C. lead to a longer fire season
D. protect the forests and the environment there
42. The following are all the immediate effects after a forest fire EXCEPT __________.
A. large amounts of greenhouse gases enter the atmosphere
B. the levels of ozone which is a type of oxygen increase
C. snow on the ground mirrors more sunlight back into space
D. ashes from the fire fall on the ice surface and take in more radiation from the sun
43. Earlier studies about northern forest fires __________.
A. analyze all aspects of how northern fires influence climate
B. indicate that forest fires will pollute the atmosphere
C. suggest that people should take measures to protect environment
D. suggest that the fires will speed up climate warming
44.The underlined phrase “soak up” in the last paragraph most probably means __________.
A. released         B. absorbed       C. created      D. distributed
45. From the passage we can draw a conclusion that forest fires in Alaska, Canada and Siberia may __________.
A. warm the climate as the supposition goes
B. allow more snow to reflect more sunlight into space and thus cool the climate
C. destroy large areas of forests and pollute the far-off sea ice
D. help to gain more energy rather than release more energy