Complete the following passage by filling in each blank with one word that best fits the context.

He always rose early to enjoy at least two hours of staying alone in the house before the  48  of the family came down. In winter he spent most of the time reading. In summer he liked to get out of doors to work in the garden or to take the dog  49  a walk in the neighboring woods and fields. 50  the weather was like, there was plenty for him to do. He wrote book reviews regularly for two of the national weeklies. He worked hard 51  his special subject, Indian history, and was thus one of the world experts on it; he collected modern abstract paintings and so had a circle of friends among artists; there was hardly anything he did not know about traditional jazz and he often entertained  52  Britain and American jazz musicians. He was a good  53  and knew a lot about French and German food. His family admired him and in a sense he was spoiled by them. At first glance you would have  54  him for a retired army officer--- his hair was cut short, he was very particular about his clothes,  55  were always clean and neat . He hardly watched TV, but enjoyed a good film and an occasional evening at the theater.

Everybody hates it, but everybody does it. A recent report said that 40％of Americans hate tipping. In America alone, tipping is a $16 billion-a-year industry. Consumers acting politely ought not to pay more than they have to for a given service. Tips should not exist. So why do they? The common opinion in the past was that tips both rewarded the efforts of good service and reduced uncomfortable feelings of inequality. And also, tipping makes for closer relations. It went without saying that the better the service, the bigger the tip.

    But according to new research from Cornell University, tips no longer serve any useful function. The paper analyzes numbers they got from 2,547 groups dining at 20 different restaurants. The connection between larger tips and better service was very weak. Only a tiny part of the size of the tip had anything to do with the quality of service.

    Tipping is better explained, by culture than by the money people spend. In America, the custom came into being a long time ago. It is regarded as part of the accepted cost of a service. In New York restaurants, failing to tip at least l5％ could well mean dissatisfaction from the customers. Hairdressers can expect to get l5％-20％, and the man who delivers your fast food $2. In Europe, tipping is less common. In many restaurants the amount of tip is decided by a standard service charge. In many Asian countries, tipping has never really caught on at all. Only a few have really taken to tipping.

    According to Michael Lynn，the Cornell papers’ author, countries in which people are more social or outgoing tend to tip more. Tipping may reduce anxiety about being served by strangers. And Mr. Lynn says, “In America, where people are expressive and eager to mix up with others, tipping is about social approval. If you tip badly, people think less of you. Tipping well is a chance to show off.”

1.This passage is mainly about________.

    A. different kinds of tipping in different countries

    B. the relationship between tipping and custom

    C. the origin and present meaning of tipping

    D. most American people hate tipping

2. Which of the following best explains the underlined phrase “caught on” ?

    A. Been hated．                     B. Become popular．

    C. Been stopped．                   D. Been permitted

3. Among the following situations, in your opinion, who is likely to tip most?

    A. A Frenchman just quarreled with the barber who did his hair badly in New York.

    B. A Chinese student enjoyed his meal in a famous fast food restaurant in New York.

    C. A Japanese businessman asked for a pizza delivery from a Pizza Hut in New York.

    D. An American just had a wonderful dinner in a well known restaurant in New York.

4.We can infer from this passage that________.

A. tipping is no longer a good way to satisfy some customers themselves

B. tipping has something to do with people’s character

C. tipping in America can make service better now

D. tipping is especially popular in New York

In 1961 Obama was born in Hawaii, US. His father was an African and his mother was a white American. He grew up in Indonesia and Hawaii.
When Obama was 10 years old, he was one of the only three black students at his school in Hawaii. He felt very different from most other students. White girls wanted to touch his hair. A white boy even asked him what his father was.
“I lied to them that my father was a Kenyan prince. But I kept asking myself who I am," said Obama.
However, 37 years later, the boy made history. Obama became the first black president in US history.
Obama's unusual background made him wonder who he was. He once turned to alcohol to help forget this question.
With the help of his friends, Obama finally turned his life around at college. His hard work made him a star at Harvard. Later, he became the third black senator (参议员）in US history.
"Obama's success has made Martin Luther King's dream come true. That is: A man should not be judged by the colour of his skin, but by the content of his character," wrote ABC news.
【小题1】Obama was born in _______.

His teacher insisted that he ______ his hair ______ the next day.

第二节：完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

My husband hasn’t stopped laughing about a funny thing that happened to me. It is funny now but it wasn’t at that time.

Last Friday, after doing all family   31    in town, I wanted a rest   32    catching the train, so I bought a newspaper and some chocolate and went into the    33   coffee shop—that cheap, self–service place with long    34    to sit at. I put my heavy bag down on the floor, put the newspaper and chocolate on the table to   35    a place, and went to get a cup of coffee.

When I came back with the coffee, there was someone in the next   36    . It was one of those wild-looking youngsters,   37    dark glasses and worn clothes, and    38   colored bright red at the front. Not so unusual these days. What did    39    me was that he had started to eat my chocolate.

Naturally, I was annoyed. However, to avoid    40    —and really I was rather   41   

about him, I just looked down at the front page of the newspaper, tasted my coffee, and took a bit of chocolate. The boy looked at me   42    , then he took a second piece of my chocolate. I could   43     believe it. Still I didn’t dare to   44   an argument. When he took a    45    piece, I felt more angry than uneasy. I thought, “Well, I shall have the last piece”. And I got it.

The boy    46    me a strange look, then stood up. As he left he shouted out,” This   47    is crazy.” Everyone stared. That was embarrassing（令人难堪的）enough, but it was worse when I finished my coffee and got ready to   48   . My face went red—as red as his hair—when I    49    I’d made a mistake. It wasn’t my chocolate that he had been taking. There was mine, unopened, just    50    my newspaper.

31. A. cooking                            B. running                    C. shopping                  D. reading     

32. A. after                          B. as                            C. while                D. before

33. A. airport                       B. park                         C. station               D. hotel

34. A. bridges                      B. tables                C. desks                D. fences

35. A. keep                         B. make                       C. take                         D. have

36. A. seat                          B. room                       C. chair                 D. door

37. A. on                             B. with                         C. by                           D. between

38. A. hair                          B. button               C. hands                D. eyes

39. A. frighten                            B. worry               C. encourage          D. surprise

40. A. matter                       B. thing                 C. trouble                     D. danger

41. A. difficult                        B. excited                     C. uneasy                     D. worried

42. A. quickly                      B. closely                     C. happily                    D. friendly

43. A. seldom                      B. nearly               C. almost               D. hardly

44. A. avoid                         B. follow               C. attack                D. make

45. A. second                       B. third                 C. fourth               D. fifth

46. A. took                         B. kept                         C. gave                        D. turned

47. A. woman                      B. man                         C. boy                          D. kid

48. A. run                         B. leave                 C. calm                        D. prepare

49. A. guessed                      B. regretted           C. said                         D. realized

50. A. in                              B. with                         C. under                D. for