摘要: expense n. 开销,费用

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A newly trained teacher named Mary went to teach at a Navajo Indian reservation. Every day, she would ask five of the young Navajo students to __1__ the chalkboard and complete a simple math problem from   2   homework.

    They would stand there, silently,  3   to complete the task. Mary couldn’t figure it out.   4   she had studied in her educational curriculum helped, and she   5   hadn’t seen anything like it in her student-teaching days back in Phoenix.

     What am I doing wrong? Could I have chosen five students who can’t do the  6  ? Mary would wonder. No,  7  couldn’t be that. Finally she   8   the students what was wrong. And in their answers, she learned a   9   lesson from her young   10   pupils about self-image and a(n)   11   of self-worth.

     It seemed that the students  12  each other’s individuality and knew that  13  of them were capable of doing the problems.   14  at their early age, they understood the senselessness of the win-lose approach in the classroom. They believed no one would  15  if any students were shown up or embarrassed at the  16  . So they   17   to compete with each other in public.

     Once she understood, Mary changed the system   18   she could check each child’s math problem individually, but not at any child’s expense  19  his classmates. They all wanted to learn,  20  not at someone else’s expense.

1.  A.go to B.come to    C.get close to      D.bring

2.  A.his    B.their  C.his own    D.her

3.  A.happy       B.willingly   C.readily      D.unwilling

4.  A.Anything  B.Nothing    C.Everything       D.Neither

5.  A.almost      B.certainly   C.hardly      D.never

6.  A.question   B.chalkboard       C.problem    D.homework

7.  A.they  B.it      C.everything       D.each

8.  A.asked       B.questioned       C.told   D.understood

9.  A.outstanding      B.surprising C.annoying  D.frightening

10.A.sunburned B.tender       C.Indian      D.naughty

11.A.sense B.image       C.way   D.aspect

12.A.had   B.ignored     C.respected  D.cared

13.A.none        B.no one      C.each  D.not all

14.A.Especially B.Even though    C.Even so    D.Even

15.A.lose   B.win   C.achieve     D.answer

16.A.time  B.situation   C.chalkboard       D.condition

17.A.refused     B.rejected    C.tried  D.promised

18.A.if      B.so that      C.unless       D.in case

19.A.in favour of    B.of     C.by means of     D.in front of

20.A.and   B.but    C.so     D.or

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Treatment for HIV has become more widespread, especially in poorer countries. It's also become cheaper, as medicine companies have lowered their prices for life-saving anti-retroviral drugs(抗逆转录病毒药物). But these drugs are still expensive and many countries are looking to create the biggest impact with limited resources. That's where World Health Organization guidelines come in, says Rochelle Walensky, a disease researcher from Harvard.
Walensky and her colleagues used computer programs to model the most cost-effective disease interventions(干预), as well as collected data from clinics in Africa and India about what works best. They found that among the choices of what to do first, earlier anti-retroviral therapy (疗法)improved five-year survival dramatically and resulted in the longer life expectancy. But cost-effective doesn't always mean affordable, especially for governments in poor countries. Countries still have to make difficult choices about how much treatment they can afford.
People in Nairobi, Kenya on Thursday, Dec. 9, 2010, protest a potential free trade area agreement between the EU and India that could see cheap anti-AIDS drugs phased out(逐步淘汰). However, Walensky notes that first-line anti-retrovirals—those medicine given to newly diagnosed patients that can keep away from symptoms for years - are much cheaper than they were a decade ago. "Second-line therapy have come down quite a bit but not to the level of first-line and countries are having a hard time affording them and increasingly over time, people are going to fail first-line therapy and they're going second-line therapy and then, eventually, they're going to need third-line therapy, some of them."
According to Walensky, history has shown that drug prices can come down when international pressure is applied to drug makers. But for now, she says, countries should focus on treating as many people as they can, as early as possible
Her paper is published in the online journal PLoS Medicine.
【小题1】 Which is the best title for the passage?

A.HIV Has Spread in Poorer Countries
B.Rochelle Walensky’s Life
C.International Pressure to Drug Makers
D.Early HIV Treatment Saves Lives
【小题2】 Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
A.Anti-retroviral drugs have become cheap now.
B.The cost-effective treatment may be a heavy expense.
C.Cheap anti-AIDS drugs have been phased out .
D.First-line therapy deals with the most severe disease.
【小题3】 The research is done by         .
A.using computer programs and collecting data from clinics
B.giving medicine to newly diagnosed patients with AIDS
C.urging countries to focus on treating more patients earlier
D.publishing her paper in the online journal PLoS Medicine
【小题4】 The passage serves as a(n)___________ to Rochelle Walensky 's study.
A.assessmentB.commentC.introductionD.background

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