V.阅读理解 (共两节，满分30)

第一节（共10小题，每小题2分，满分20分）

Even if  you are a good high-jumper, you can jump only about seven feet off the ground. You cannot jump any higher because the earth pulls you hard. The pull of the earth is called gravity.

   You can easily find out the pull of the earth. If you weigh yourself, you will know how much gravity is pulling you. 

   Since there is gravity, water runs down hill. When you throw a ball into the air, it falls back down. Because of gravity, you do not fall off the earth as it whirls (旋转) around. 

   Then, can we get away from the earth and go far out into space? Now you can do it, because spaceships have been invented. Then spaceship will go so fast that it can escape (逃出) the earth’s gravity and carry you into space. 

31. In this passage, the word “gravity” means_______.  

   A. the pull of everything.           B. the force of attraction(吸引) among objects.

   C. the force which attracts objects towards the centre of the earth

   D. the force which attracts the earth towards the sun.

32. When you slip(滑) you always fall to the ground because________

   A. the earth always turns round.                   B. the earth has gravity

   C. the earth’s gravity is greater than your weight.     D. you are careless. 

33. Gravity is strong that_______

   A. it can throw a ball into the air.           B. it makes you jump only seven feet.

   C. it can let you fly away from the earth.     D. it can keep everything on earth.

34. Because of gravity,________

   A. water flows everything.            B. we can go everywhere by ship. 

   C. water always flows downwards.     D. fish can live in water.

35. We can get away from the earth by spaceship because________

   A. the spaceship goes very fast.       B. the earth can’t pull the spaceship.

C. the spaceship has a strong force.    D. the spaceship can jump higher than others.

Don't you just love ice skating every winter? I am sure, that since winter is approaching, your skates are set to come out, just waiting to be used. Impress your friends with your new trick on how to ice-skate backwards with the help of these tips. Skating backwards on ice is a bit difficult but once you master the basic, there' s nothing like it. Follow the steps given below and you will be able to skate backwards in no time.     

Stand Straight

The first thing that you need to do is, stand straight. If you feel that you are falling backwards, then just put your chin up and slightly bend your knees. Don't worry; this happens to all.

Confidence is What You Need

The most important step while learning how to skate backwards, is having enough confidence in yourself and in what you are doing. How can you achieve this? By practice. Just practice rolling backwards down a gentle slope every single day or just by pushing off from a wall or something of that sort. But before you do that, make sure that the place where you are practicing is free from any kind of debris（碎片）because otherwise, you could end up in the hospital due to some accident. While going backwards, just get used to the feeling of moving backwards. One of the important ice skating tips and techniques is that if you feel that you are losing your balance, then scissor (做剪式运动) your skates. Keep practicing this till you are confident about it.

Maintain Speed

Confident now? Great! Now the next step is to maintain your speed. While rolling in a straight line with one skate, with the other try sculling (滑浆), that is, keep pushing yourself backwards with an outwards stroke (滑动). Now bring the skate which you were using to scull, and then again, repeat the same process. Make sure that you put most of your weight on the skate which is moving straight and not the one with which you are sculling. Now, try the same thing using the other foot. Again keep doing this till you are confident enough.

Increase Your Speed Now

Once you are confident that you can scull with either foot, the next thing that you have to do is increase your speed. Try some of your own tricks now. Scull with either foot or with both at the same time.

Scull and Be Aware

While you keep one foot straight, keep sculling with the other. You can do that simultaneously with both feet. Concentrate on what you are doing but don't get so involved that you don't see where you are going. If you are not watching your back, you might just bang against something or someone.

1.According to the text, confidence comes from ________ .

A. constant exercise          B. strict coaches                  C. high speed             D. good techniques

2.Which is the right order of ice-skating backwards?

a. Increasing your speed.                                                 b .Being able to scull with one foot.

c. Being about to stand straight.                                              d. Trying some different tricks.

A. c→a→d→b                     B. c→b→d→a            C. c→b→a→d   D. a→c→b→d

3. In the last paragraph the author mainly wants to express _________.

A. one must be brave to learn to ice-skate backwards           

B. skating and keeping cautious are both important

C. it’s difficult to concentrate when ice-skating backwards

D. it' s a common thing to hit someone when ice skating backwards

4.The purpose of the text is _______ .

A. to offer some advice on ice-skating backwards

B. to introduce the culture of ice-skating backwards

C. to explain advantages of ice-skating backwards

D. to compare different ways of ice-skating backwards

Even if  you are a good high-jumper, you can jump only about seven feet off the ground. You cannot jump any higher because the earth pulls you hard. The pull of the earth is called gravity.

   You can easily find out the pull of the earth. If you weigh yourself, you will know how much gravity is pulling you. 来源：

   Since there is gravity, water runs down hill. When you throw a ball into the air, it falls back down. Because of gravity, you do not fall off the earth as it whirls (旋转) around. 来源：

   Then, can we get away from the earth and go far out into space? Now you can do it, because spaceships have been invented. Then spaceship will go so fast that it can escape (逃出) the earth’s gravity and carry you into space. 来源：

In this passage, the word “gravity” means_______.来源：

   A. the pull of everything.           B. the force of attraction(吸引) among objects.

   C. the force which attracts objects towards the centre of the earth来源：

   D. the force which attracts the earth towards the sun.

When you slip(滑) you always fall to the ground because________来源：

   A. the earth always turns round.                   B. the earth has gravity

   C. the earth’s gravity is greater than your weight.     D. you are careless. 来源：

Gravity is strong that_______

   A. it can throw a ball into the air.           B. it makes you jump only seven feet.

   C. it can let you fly away from the earth.     D. it can keep everything on earth.

Because of gravity,________

   A. water flows everything.            B. we can go everywhere by ship. 来源：

   C. water always flows downwards.     D. fish can live in water.

We can get away from the earth by spaceship because________

   A. the spaceship goes very fast.       B. the earth can’t pull the spaceship.

C. the spaceship has a strong force.    D. the spaceship can jump higher than others.

If Mickey Mouse slips (滑倒)on a banana skin on TV, viewers laugh. But for ordinary people, falling is not   36 . For example, if you   37 over a stone or fall off your bike, you have to take days to get well. For   38 people, the result of a fall could be worse.
Scientists at the University of Pittsburgh, USA, wanted to know why some people are   39 likely to fall than others.
The researchers found that   40 means more than planting your feet on the ground and standing tall. Your brain   41 your sense of balance with information from your eyes and inner ears and the   42 from your feet and legs. If something goes wrong with any of these, you’re   43  to fall. People   44 to fall more often as they grow older because their senses are slower.
State of mind is important too. The research shows that when people know they’re walking on a slippery surface, they   45 their pace and walk with flatter feet. As a result, they fall less often.
“We actually   46 people slip and fall,” researcher Mark Redfern said. People of different ages fall on   47 in his lab. Cameras   48 their falls and a computer analyzes the information. Scientists then can   49 people who fall often how to be more watchful.
“If they get   50 to a lifelike but controlled environment, people can   51 learn to handle the   52 thing,” Redfern said.
Falls happen to everyone sometimes.   53 you see someone fall, think about why and offer a helping   54 . This person’s painful experience may   55 you from falling at the same place.