D

While the rest of the world carried on cycling during the 1950s and 1960s ,America forgot how; even high-school children would drive to school .Recently there has been something of a renaissance(复兴) in cycling, and in many areas it is a very useful way of getting around, especially where bike paths or bike routes have been built. You may well want to buy , hire or borrow a bike. 

     There are two important consequences (后果)of this earlier drop in cycling in the U.S.A. One is that many people do not to know how to cycle. That is, cyclists often behave more like Pedestrians(行人)than motorists: they ride on the sidewalk or on the wrong side of the road; they don't care for stop signs or traffic lights; they ride without lights at night; they give no hand signals .The other consequence is that cycling is regarded by many people not so much as a way of getting from one place to another but as a way of life, a form of exercise, etc. As a result, a large number of young Americans have ten-speed racing bikes. These are very high and fast and great if you are cycling long distances, riding up mountains or racing. At first , though, you may find them awkward (使用不便)for cycling in town. Sight-seeing or shopping ----they are expensive, uncomfortable and hard to control until you get used to them, and unsuitable for rough stony roads.

     There are also ordinary bikes around. If you get hold one of these ,you may find that brakes work by pedaling(踩踏板)backwards. This is perhaps safer than ordinary brakes when it is wet, but it seems to be less effective. This arrangement also means you can't pedal backwards in order to get the pedals in the right place for getting on or moving off.

68.   The passage gives us a brief introduction to _______________________.

     A. advantages of bikes                B. cycling in America

     C. American transportation            D. how to ride a bike

69.   Young Americans prefer racing bikes because they_________________.

     A. can help keep fit                    B. are easy to learn

     C. are safer to ride                     D. are expensive and popular

70.   Which of the following does NOT result from the early drop in cycling in the U.S.A?

     A. Cyclists do not care for traffic lights.

     B. People ride on the wrong side of the roads.

     C. Cycling is not considered a way of transportation.

     D. People have to pedal backwards to stop the bike.

As is known to all, the organization and management of wages and salaries are very complex.
Generally speaking, the Accounts Department is responsible for calculations of pay, while the Personnel Department(人事部) is interested in discussions with the employees about pay.
If a firm wants to adopt a new wage and salary structure, it is essential that the firm should decide on a method of job evaluation(估价) and ways of measuring the performance of its employees. In order to be successful, that new pay structure will need agreement between Trade Unions and employers.
In job evaluation, all the requirements of each job are defined in a detailed job description. Each of those requirements is given a value, usually in “points”, which are added together to give a total value for the job. For middle and higher management, a special method is used to evaluate managers on their knowledge of the job, their responsibility, and their ability to solve problems.
Because of the difficulty in measuring management work, however, job grades for managers are often decided without reference to an evaluation system based on points.
In attempting to design a pay system, the Personnel Department should compare the value of each job with those in the job market. It should also consider economic factors such as the cost of living and the labor supply.
It is necessary that payment for a job should vary with any differences in the way that the job is performed. Where it is simply to measure the work done, as in the work done with the hands, monetary encouragement schemes are often chosen; for indirect workers, where measurement is difficult, methods of additional payments are employed.

1. 1.

   If a firm wants to establish a new pay structure, it is necessary to get the agreement between________.

   1. A.
      the Trade Unions and the Personnel Department
   2. B.
      the Personnel Department and the Accounts Department
   3. C.
      the employees and the Trade Unions.
   4. D.
      the employers and the Trade Unions
2. 2.

   What does the words “monetary encouragement schemes” in the last paragraph imply?

   1. A.
      They are plans in which much payment is encouraged.
   2. B.
      They are encouraging money schedules
   3. C.
      They are pay systems
   4. D.
      They are pay systems to encourage workers in that the more work is done, the more money will be paid.
3. 3.

   Methods of additional payments are adopted for indirect workers because________.

   1. A.
      their work is not important
   2. B.
      they have low wages
   3. C.
      the measurement of their work is difficult
   4. D.
      the company does not have enough money
4. 4.

   Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the text?

   1. A.
      In every company only the Accounts Department takes charge of the management of wages and salaries.
   2. B.
      Management work and the job done by workers can use the same evaluation system.
   3. C.
      If a job is done differently, the payment for the job should be different too.
   4. D.
      An evaluation system based on points is usually used to evaluate management work.
5. 5.

   The main purpose of the passage is to________.

   1. A.
      explain the responsibilities of both the Accounts Department and the Personnel Department.
   2. B.
      explain not to evaluate the performance of a job by points
   3. C.
      tell readers how a company should adopt a new payment system
   4. D.
      convince(使确信) readers that management work is more difficult to evaluate than the work done by workers

If women are exploited year after year,they have only themselves to blame.Because they tremble at the thought of being seen in public in clothes that are out of fashion(过时),they are always made use of by the designers and the big stores.Clothes which have been worn only a few times have to be put aside because of the change of fashion.When you come to think of it,only a woman is able to stand in front of a wardrobe(衣柜) packed full of clothes and announcing sadly that she has nothing to wear.

Changing fashions are nothing more than the intentional(故意的) waste.Many women spend vast sums of money each year to replace clothes that have hardly been worn.Women who cannot afford to throw away clothing in this way waste hours of their time changing the dresses they have.Skirts are lengthened; neck?lines are lowered or raised, and so on.

No one can say that the fashion industry makes anything really important to society.Fashion designers are seldom concerned with ?important? things like warmth and that woman will put up with any amount of discomfort,as long as they look right.There can hardly be a man who hasn?t at some time in his life smiled at the sight of woman shaking in a thin dress on a winter day,or picking her way through deep snow in high-heeled shoes.

What do you think of the writer’s idea about “fashion” ?

A. It is neither a waste of money nor a waste of time.

B. It makes something really important to the society.

C. It makes its followers suffer a lot.

D. It is practical opinion to women.

Who are to blame, according to the passage, for the quickly changing fashion industry in the following?

(a)Women themselves   (b)Men themselves  (c)Fashion designers  

 (d)Attractive clothes   (e)Big stores　(f)High-heeled shoes

A. (a); (c); (e) B. (a); (b); (d)

C. (c); (e); (f) D. (a); (e); (f)

We can learn from the passage that _______.

A. most men share different opinions with women on dressing,as well as fashion designers

B. a woman doesn’t feel cold while she’s in a thin dress on a winter day

C. whenever women find their clothes out of date, they’ll get rid of them

D. you didn’t feel strange when seeing a young girl walking in deep snow in high-heeled shoes

Fashion designers care little for _______.

A. outward appearance    B. woman’s interests

C. the comfort of the clothes  D. the cost of the materials

       A recent study, while showing a generally positive attitude toward science, also suggests a widespread worry that it may be “running out of control”．This idea is dangerous．

       Science can be a force for evil as well as for good．Its applications can be channeled either way, depending on our decisions．The decisions we make, personally or collectively, will determine the outcomes of science．But here is a real danger．Science is advancing so fast is so strongly influenced by businesses that we are likely to believe whatever decisions we come to will make little difference．And, rather than fighting for the best possible policies, we may step back and do nothing．

       Some people go even further．They say that despite the moral and legal objections （反对）, whatever is scientifically possible will be done ——somewhere, sometime．They believe that science will get out of control in the end．This belief is dangerous too, because it a fuels sense of hopelessness and discourages them from making efforts to build a safer world．

       In our interconnected world, the lack of agreement in and of the world of science can lead to the failure to control the use of science．Without a common understanding, the challenges of “controlling” science in this century will be really tough．Take human cloning for example．Despite the general agreement among scientists on its possible huge impact （影响） on traditional moral values, some countries still go ahead with the research and development of its related techniques．The outcomes are hard to predict．

       Therefore, discussions on how science is applied should be extended far beyond scientific societies．Only through the united efforts of people with hope, can we be fully safe against the misuse of science and can science best serve mankind in the future．

What can we conclude from the recent study?

       A．People think highly of science．

       B．People hold mixed opinions about science．

       C．Science is getting dangerously out of control．

       D．Science is used for both good and bad purposes．

According to the passage, what will happen if we hold that science is getting beyond control?

       A．The development of science will hopelessly slow down．

       B．Businesses will have even greater influence on science．

       C．The public will lose faith in bringing about a bright future．

       D．People will work more actively to put science under control．

The discussion should reach beyond scientific societies because __________．

       A．scientists have failed to predict the outcomes

       B．the ties between different areas need strengthening

       C．united efforts are necessary for the development of science

       D．people need to work together to prevent the bad use of science

What is the main idea of the passage?

       A．Science and its applications bring us many dangers．

       B．The development of science mostly lies in people’s attitudes．

       C．Mankind can largely take control of science with their efforts．

       D．The future of science will be influenced by the dangerous ideas．

A week ago, I had the great pleasure of reading an e-book, When Money Talks, Listen! By Rich Ezzo．It took only about an hour to read.

   When I first received a copy, I thought it was a Get Rich Quick type of publication．Nothing is wrong with Get Rich Quick, but my mind just doesn’t chase after dreams of wealth．I think that if God ever wants me to be rich, he knows where to find my purse.

   When I began reading When Money Talks, Listen!, I was overjoyed to find that Rich Ezzo isn’t money hungry either．He, too, is hungry far more important than money．

Since I love this e-book so much, why wait a week to write the review? Simple．I wanted to see if the effect it had on me was a keeper．After reading the last word of the e-book, I totally agreed with the subtitle which promised to forever change the way we thought about money．I had so many thoughts running around my mind that I had to install(安装) a stoplight to stop some while others made their way into the picture, then I yielded(让路) them as a few ones arrived in town．I had a mental traffic jam, which only goes to show how slow the traffic usually is．

   It has been a week and the effect is the same．I truly do look at money differently and have even done a few things differently this week．This is an e-book you’ll want to read, I promise．I often recommend books to my daughter, and this is one that I didn’t just “suggest”---I left it open at the bottom of the computer and told each one, “Read it, you’ll love it.”

   I would never point someone in a direction I wouldn’t go myself．I urge you to visit the author’s website, Myster Money, and to download the e-book．You won’t regret it.

The author wrote this passage to _________　

       A．strongly recommend an e-book.

　    B．show the author's attitude to money.

　    C．introduce the general idea of an e-book.

　    D．point out Rich Ezzo isn't money hungry.

According to the passage, a Get Rich Quick type of publication ______.

       A．is what the author really cares for

       B．deals with how to make money

       C．is also an e-book written by Rich Ezzo

       D．is more popular than e-books

The author didn't write the review as soon as he finished reading the book because________．

　    A．he was too excited to write anything

　    B．he was not sure whether he did well

　    C．he had to wait for Rich Ezzo's permission

　    D．he wondered if the book would have long influence on him

By saying the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4, the author probably __________.

　    A．shows that the book brought him many new thoughts

　    B．shows how bad the traffic is in town

　    C．describes the difficulty in understanding the book

　    D．explains it's hard to change one's attitude to money

Which of the following is supported by the passage?

      A．The author had known Rich Ezzo before.

　    B．The author hasn't dreamed of getting rich immediately.

　    C．The author always prefers e-books to paper books.

　    D．The author likes Get Rich Quick-type of publications.