The history of modern art begins with Impressionism, a movement started in Paris in the mid-1800’s. At that time many artists painted in a very traditional way that involved spending hours in a studio, painstakingly (辛苦地) creating paintings that were extremely detailed. These paintings were sometimes of people or landscapes or historical events. In 1863, Edouard Manet exhibited his painting “Dejeuner sur l’erbe” at the Salon des Refuses. The painting caused a commotion (骚动), thus starting the Impressionist movement. Although Edouard Manet is the declared leader and founder of the group, he was not present at the first group exhibition or any of the other eight collective Impressionist shows. The movement gained more attention in the April of 1874 when Claude Monet, Auguste Renoir, Alfred Sisley, and Jean-Frédéric Bazille formed Society of Artists, Painters, Sculptors, Engravers and began exhibiting outside of the official salon. The same year, the term Impressionism was invented by criticizing (批评的) journalist Louis Leroy to describe their paintings, who worked for the magazine Le Charivari.
The Impressionists often paint out of doors and want to show how light and shadow fall on objects at particular times of the day. Their works are sometimes described as “captured moments” and are characterized by short quick brushstrokes (笔) of colour which, when viewed up close looks quite messy and unreal. If we step back from the Impressionist paintings, the colours are blended together by our eyes and we are able to see the painters’ subjects which often show colourful landscapes, sunlight on water as well as people busy with outdoor activities.
【小题1】Before Impressionism, the works of artists were         .

Do you know why different animals or pests have their special colours? Colours in them seem to be used mainly to protect themselves.

Some birds like eating locusts. but birds cannot easily catch them. Why? It is because locusts change their colours together with the change of the colours of crops. When crops are green, locusts look green. But as the harvest time comes, locusts change to the same brown colour as crops have. Some other pests with different colours from plants are easily found and eaten by others. So they have to hide themselves for lives and appear only at night.

If you study the animal life, you'll find the main use of colouring is protecting themselves. Bears, lions and other animals move quietly through forests. They cannot be seen by hunters. This is because they have the colours much like the tree.

Have you ever noticed an even more strange act? A kind of fish in the sea can send out a kind of very black liquid when it faces danger. While the liquid spread over, the enemies cannot find it. And it immediately swims away. So it has lived up to now though it isn't strong at all.

1. From the passage we learn that locusts ___ .

A. are small animals

B. are easily found by birds

C. are dangerous to their enemies

D. change their colours to protect themselves

2 How can pests with different colours from plants keep out of danger?

A. They run away quickly.

B. They colours much like their enemies.

C. They hide themselves in the day and appear at night.

D. They have to move quietly.

3. Bears and lions can keep safe because they ___ .

A. have the colours much like the trees   B. move quickly

C. like brown and grey colours         D. live in forests

4. Which is the best title for this passage?

A. The Change of Colours for Animals and Pests

B. Colours of Different Animals and Pests

C. The Main Use of Colours for Animals and Pests

D. Some Animals and Pests

Shopping is not as simple as you may think! There are all sorts of tricks each time we reach out for that particular brand（品牌）of product on the shelf.
Colouring, for example, varies according to what the producers are trying to sell. Health foods are packaged（包装）in greens, yellows or browns because we think of these as healthy colours. Ice cream packets（包装） are often blue and expensive goods, like chocolates, are gold or silver.
When some kind of pain-killer （止痛药） was brought out recently, researchers found that the colours turned the customers off because they made the product look weak and ineffective. Eventually, it came on the market in a dark blue and white package — blue because we think of it as safe, and white as calm.
The size of a product can attract a shopper. But quite often a bottle doesn’t contain as much as it appears to.
It is believed that the better-known companies spend, on average, 70 percent of the total cost of the product itself on packaging!
The most successful producers know that it’s not enough to have a good product. The founder of Pears Soap, who for 25 year has used pretty little girls to promote（促销）their goods, came to the conclusion: “Any fool can make soap, but it takes a genius（天才） to sell it.”
【小题1】. Which of the following may trick a shopper into buying a product according to the text? 

Shopping is not as simple as you may think! There are all sorts of tricks at play each time we reach out for that particular brand （品牌） of product on the shelf.

Colouring, for example, varies according to what the producers are trying to sell. Health foods are packaged （包装）in greens, yellows or browns because we think of these as healthy colours. Ice cream packets are often blue and expensive goods, like chocolates, are gold or silver.

When some kind of pain killer was brought out recently, researchers found that the colours turned the customers off because they made the product look weak and ineffective. Eventually, it came on the market in a dark blue and white package—blue because we think of it as safe, and white as calm.

The size of a product can attract a shopper. But quite often a bottle doesn’t contain as much as it appears to.

It is believed that the better-known companies spend, on average, 70 per cent of the total cost of the product itself on packaging!

The most successful producers know that it’s not enough to have a good product. The founder of Pears soap, who for 25 years has used pretty little girls to promote （推销） their goods, came to the conclusion: “Any fool can make soap, but it takes a genius （天才） to sell it.”

64. Which of the following may trick a shopper into buying a product according to the text?

A. The cost of its package.    B. The price of the product.

C. The colour of its package. D. The brand name of the product.

65. The underlined part “the colours turned the customers off”（in Para. 3 ） means that the colours _____.

A. attracted the customers strongly          B. had weak effects on the customers

C. tricked the customers into shopping       D. caused the customers to lose interest

66. Which of the following is the key to the success in product sales?

A. The way to promote goods.             B. The discovery of a genius.

C. The team to produce a good product.      D. The brand name used by successful producers.

67. Which of the following would be the best title for this text?

A. Choice of Good Products               B. Disadvantages of Products

C. Effect of Packaging on Shopping         D. Brand Names and Shopping Tricks

Shopping is not as simple as you may think! There are all sorts of tricks each time we reach out for that particular brand（品牌）of product on the shelf.

Colouring, for example, varies according to what the producers are trying to sell. Health foods are packaged（包装）in greens, yellows or browns because we think of these as healthy colours. Ice cream packets（包装） are often blue and expensive goods, like chocolates, are gold or silver.

When some kind of pain-killer （止痛药） was brought out recently, researchers found that the colours turned the customers off because they made the product look weak and ineffective. Eventually, it came on the market in a dark blue and white package — blue because we think of it as safe, and white as calm.

The size of a product can attract a shopper. But quite often a bottle doesn’t contain as much as it appears to.

It is believed that the better-known companies spend, on average, 70 percent of the total cost of the product itself on packaging!

The most successful producers know that it’s not enough to have a good product. The founder of Pears Soap, who for 25 year has used pretty little girls to promote（促销）their goods, came to the conclusion: “Any fool can make soap, but it takes a genius（天才） to sell it.”

1.. Which of the following may trick a shopper into buying a product according to the text? 

A. The cost of its package                          B. The price of the product

C. The colour of its package                    D. The brand name of the product

2.. The underlined part “the colours turned the customers off” (in Para.3) means that the colours ________ .

A. attracted the customers strongly                 B. had weak effects on the customers

C. tricked the customers into shopping              D. caused the customers to lose interest

3.. Which of the following is the key to the success in product sales?

A. The way to promote goods.                    B. The team to produce a good product 

C. The discovery of a genius.                   D. The brand name used by successful producers.

4.. Which of the following would be the best title for this text?

A. Choice of Good Products.                     B. Disadvantages of Products.

C. Effect of Packaging on Shopping.             D. Brand Name and Shopping Tricks.