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Department stores sell ready- to-wear clothing, which is also called ready-made clothing. Such clothing is made in fixed sizes. Those people who find that ready-made clothing fits them well can save money by buying it. Most often, people do not fit exactly into a producer’s size. Their clothing must be altered to make it fit better. However, most alterations are not very expensive. The small cost of most alterations means that ready-made clothing can meet the needs of most customers.
Those who can afford it often get someone to design and make their clothing. Such clothing is called custom-made. The person who makes it measures the customer, and then sews it so that it fits perfectly. Alterations are not needed. Custom-made clothing is largely sewn by hand, has better quality, better material, and is of the style you have chosen. Of course, it costs much more than ready-to-wear clothing. You need to pay the difference for the special fitting and better skill that you are receiving. This often means that you spend double or more than you would for a ready-made garment.
Custom-made clothing is not always that much better than ready-made clothing. It costs more partly because only one garment has been made, just for you. Companies that produce ready-made products make thousands of garments at a time. This means they can buy large quantities of material. Workers cut each size by the hundreds. Companies work out ways to make the garments quickly by machine and pay workers according to their skill. Thus they can sell the finished products at a low price while still making money. Most of the clothing sold in the United States is made in this way. Customers gain from the lower prices which are made possible by mass production. It may or may not give them high quality.
1. According to the passage, people who buy ready-made clothing ______.
A. wish to make alternations B. will spend less money
C. want to make it better D. can fit into the sizes
2.We can learn from the passage that custom-made clothing is_______.
A. specially made B. fashionably designed
C. chosen by few people D. made with difficulties
3.Which of the following is true about ready-made clothing?
A. It is of poor quality. B. It suits all people.
C. It is labor-saving to make it. D. It takes more time to make it
4.The purpose of the writer is _______.
A. to explain why custom-made clothing costs more
B. to show the advantages of mass production
C. to tell readers how to make money from ready-made clothing
D. to provide information about different kinds of clothing
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A German study suggests that people who were too optimistic about their future actually faced greater risk of disability or death within 10 years than those pessimists who expected their future to be worse.
The paper, published this March in Psychology and Aging, examined health and welfare surveys from roughly 40,000 Germans between ages 18 and 96. The surveys were conducted every year from 1993 to 2003.
Survey respondents (受访者) were asked to estimate their present and future life satisfaction on a scale of 0 to 10, among other questions.
The researchers found that young adults (age 18 to 39) routinely overestimated their future life satisfaction, while middle-aged adults (age 40 to 64) more accurately predicted how they would feel in the future. Adults of 65 and older, however, were far more likely to underestimate their future life satisfaction. Not only did they feel more satisfied than they thought they would, the older pessimists seemed to suffer a lower ratio (比率) of disability and death for the study period.
“We observed that being too optimistic in predicting a better future than actually observed was associated with a greater risk of disability and a greater risk of death within the following decade,” wrote Frieder R. Lang, a professor at the University of Erlangen-Nuremberg.
Lang and his colleagues believed that people who were pessimistic about their future may be more careful about their actions than people who expected a rosy future.
“Seeing a dark future may encourage positive evaluations of the actual self and may contribute to taking improved precautions (预防措施),” the authors wrote.
Surprisingly, compared with those in poor health or who had low incomes, respondents who enjoyed good health or income were associated with expecting a greater decline. Also, the researchers said that higher income was related to a greater risk of disability.
T Pessimism gurantees chances of survival.he authors of the study noted that there were limitations to their conclusions. Illness, medical treatment and personal loss could also have driven health outcomes.
However, the researchers said a pattern was clear. “We found that from early to late adulthood, individuals adapt their expectations of future life satisfaction from optimistic, to accurate, to pessimistic,” the authors concluded.
67. According to the study, who made the most accurate prediction of their future life satisfaction?
A. Optimistic adults.
B. Middle-aged adults.
C. Adults in poor health.
D. Adults of lower income.
68. Pessimism may be positive in some way because it causes people ______.
A. to fully enjoy their present life
B. to estimate their contribution accurately
C. to take measures against potential risks
D. to value health more highly than wealth
69. How do people of higher income see their future?
A. They will earn less money.
B. They will become pessimistic.
C. They will suffer mental illness.
D. They will have less time to enjoy life.
70. What is the clear conclusion of the study?
A. Pessimism guarantees chances of survival.
B. Good financial condition leads to good health.
C. Medical treatment determines health outcomes.
D. Expectations of future life satisfaction decline with age.
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阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从题中所给的四个选项(A，B，C和D)中，选出最佳选项。
Are you thinking of writing someone a letter? Call instead. It isn't that expensive, especially when you call during the evening, night, or weekend hours. In fact, you can make a tenminute call anywhere in the continental United States for just $ 2.60.
For even greater saving, always dial direct, that is, without an operator's help. Rates on direct calls are lower after five o'clock in the evening and lowest after eleven o'clock at night. Collect, person-to-person, and pay phone calls require the services of an operator, and they cost more than direct calls.
Need to call out of the country? Now calls to many overseas places may be dialed direct. Check your telephone direction for overseas area codes.
Next time you have good news, or you just want to stay in touch, remember, a phone call means so much more than a letter. This has been a message from Southern Bell Telephone Company.
1．According to this passage, when is a dial telephone call cheapest?
[ ]
A．During weekend hours.
B．After 5 in the evening.
C．During working hours.
D．After 11 at night.
2．What type of call requires less money?
[ ]
A．A direct dial call.
B．A collect call.
C．A person-to-person call.
D．A call from a pay phone.
3．What should one do in order to make an overseas call?
[ ]
A．Dial the operator.
B．Call the Southern Bell Telephone Company.
C．Check the phone book for the overseas operator's number so that he can help you.
D．Check the phone book for overseas area codes so that you can dial direct.
4．This passage is ________.
[ ]
One of the first such clocks was built for a king of France and placed in a tower of the royal palace, The clock did not 1 minutes or seconds.
Usually it did not even show the correct hour! Since there was no planes or trains to catch, people were not 2 knowing the exact time.
Gradually, clocks began to be popular, but they did not keep correct time. They were 3 a cart with a horse and driver. One of the wheels was the face of the clock. Watches 4 as soon as clocks were made small enough to be carried. These did not always tell the correct time, either. They were often put into beautiful watchcases, which were made 5 anything the owner wanted.
The pendulum (钟摆) clock was invented in 1657. This was the beginning of the style of clocks we call “ grandfather clocks “, which were enclosed in tall wooden boxes. Pendulum clocks showed the hours more exactly than earlier clocks, since the wright on the pendulum could be moved 6 to make the clock go faster or lower. About forty years later, minute and second hands were put on some clocks. Grandfather clocks are very much in demand again today. They are usually very expensive, however, and require 7 than other styles of clocks.
As people began to travel more and do more things, they were more interested in knowing the correct time, By 1900, almost every house had a clock, and nearly every well-dressed gentleman 8 on a chain tucked in his vest pocket.
Today, of course, we have electric clocks that keep giving the right time until they are unplugged or the electricity goes off. Scientists have invented clocks that look like large machines all tell the correct time to a split second.
The most modern electric clocks for home use do not have faces or hands. These clocks are called digital clocks(数字显示式电子钟), and they tell the time with 9 which appear in a little window.
Many electric locks are combined with radios, which can sometimes be set to turn on automatically(自动). Thus, 10 an alarm ringing in your ear in the morning, you can hear soft music playing when it is time to get up. Some clocks will even start the coffee maker!
1. A. count B. ring out
C. show D. show off
[ ]
2. A. care for B. concerned about
C. suggested about D. anxious to
[ ]
3. A. drawn by B. of the same size as
C. pulled by D. in the shape of
[ ]
4. A. had been used B. came into use
C. became a reality D. didn’t appear
[ ]
5. A. to look like B. to look as
C. very valuable D. as small as possible
[ ]
6. A. up or down B. right or left
C. here and there D. this way or that
[ ]
7. A. many room B. much room
C. more space D. less money
[ ]
8. A. carried a clock B. wearing a watch
C. bought a watch D. bought a watch
[ ]
9. A. a series of letters
B. a set of numerals
C. minute hands
D. second hands
[ ]
10. A. take the place of
B. in spite of
C. without
D. instead of
[ ]
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